밀턴의 paradise Lost 에서 재현된 사탄의 숭고미 분석

김대중 ( Kim¸ Daejoong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.2

This paper aims to clarify the significance of sublimity in Western literary tradition via exploring various philosophical understandings of the sublimity. To demonstrate this, I use Milton's Paradise Lost and explore the world of sublimity in his work, especially the part where Satan emerges. Regardless of his theological signification, Satan represents a hero who fell and set out a journey to restore what he lost, which causes the sublimity in Milton's magnificent work, Paradise Lost. To analyze this, I mostly focus on Burke's idea of sublimity and its properties ― vastness, obscurity, infinity, uniformity, and magnificent. To some extent, Burke's idea of sublimity reveals the most profound aesthetic aspect of sublimity in Western thought. With Burke's analysis, I also include aesthetic idea of sublimity from Kant and Schopenhaller's works. By intergating and incorporating their ideas in aesthetic history, I demonstrate how Milton's Paradise Lost has affected other works afterward. In conclusion, I claim that the vision of Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost lies in the context of the heroic sublimity that is a part of Western aesthetics.

Asian; Lesbian; American

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.1

In this paper, I would like to explore Asian American lesbian literature to achieve three goals. First, I claim that the study of Asian American lesbian literature as a part of lesbians of color in the U.S. can break through the traditional contentions in white dominated lesbian theories between lesbian feminism and queer studies, in that a study of lesbians of color located in a periphery position in lesbian culture can show the true complexity of lesbianism. It can also show the possibility of activism and solidarity, and common ground for anti-racism and anti- heterosexuality. In this regard, literary texts written by Asian American lesbians, though they are relatively few at this time in history, revealsa map where culture, gender, and race are cognitively mapped. Second, in order to point out the limit of epistemological categorization of lesbianism and to find out the more concrete and material position of lesbian experience, I explore the meaning of body in Asian American lesbian literature. To present a better theoretical account, I sketch and adopt Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, with its emphasis on intersubjectivity. Then, to support this hypothesis, I deal with several short stories and a novel written by Asian American lesbian writers. Third, I expand the intersubjective space of the body to the social space where lesbians live and form community. Such spaces as home, camp and public bathrooms where women meet produce a lesbian culture that also reflects the contradictions of the social body to which they belong. I argue that utopian lesbian spaces are interwoven with heterotopia in terms of Foucault's theory about space. However, this contradiction causes lesbians to produce imaginary and cultural spaces that can subvert hegemonic control of compulsory heterosexual culture in social space. After I explore this body and space of lesbians of color focusing on Asian American lesbian literature, I propose that we need to expand lesbian literary studies to the theoretical accounts of lesbianism in globalization, more broadly, the possibility of lesbians' global solidarity, and the possibility of global social revolution to change the compulsory heterosexual culture.

Korean Americans in the Space of Racial Formation

( Kim¸ Dae Joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2012 영어권문화연구 Vol.5 No.1

This paper aims to show how Asian Americans, especially Korean Americans, as a race or ethnic group has been represented in early immigration history. In the postmodern global society, social status of Asian Americans is overdetermined by ideologies of the model minority. To understand these phenomena, research on the racial space or urban ethnic enclaves Korean Americans have created is necessary. In this regard, spatial theory can be a theoretical framework Asian American literary scholars can take. Applying various spatial theories which emphasize spatial interconnection of different spaces the oppressed create to resist authentic rule of the teleological history, in this paper, I will analyze how the early Korean immigration history created the dialectic space of utopia and heterotopia in the Korean enclave within the complex, hegemonic context of nationalism, class, racism, and colonialism. For this project, I will analyze Clay Walls written by Ronyoung Kim. By this research, I will also demonstrate the spatial meaning of race and racism in early Korean immigration societies in the U.S. history. And then, I will argue that this Korean enclave, founded by early Korean immigrants who were the ideologues of nationalism aspiring to build an ethnic utopia, are placed in a contradictory relation to heterotopia for the second generation.

Race Out of Joint: (Im)possibility of Post-raciality

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, I contend that post-raciality is a strategically- created ideological fantasy that blocks people from opening their eyes wide to behold the truth of the discursive network of such ideological state apparatuses as colonialism, gender, class, xenophobia, raciality, global capitalism, etc. The debates surrounding the possibility and accountability of post-Obama raciality, post-raciality, post-racial liberalism, or colorblindness have many discursive fronts. I examine a few of these fronts using several theorists’ contention over the meaning of post-raciality; and then, I discuss how problematic the post-racial discourses can be. Michel Foucault discusses how the state made use of racism to establish nationalism and national conflicts as an ironical strategy to keep national unity. Etienne Balibar argues for a ‘differential racism’ that applies traditional racial categorization and strategies of oppression to new immigrants or migrants. Omi and Winant maintain that the race has been formed by the racial state whose foundation itself is linked to the history of racism (racial dictatorship) and racial movement (racial democracy) that resist it. Paul Gilory points out the operation of the same bio-politics in the discourse of race, while he fully embraces the idea of post-raciality as the global racial reality. Yet, Gilroy’s audacious challenges against the significance of race in the postmodern culture sounds only partially legitimate. Reading through those theories, in this paper I argue that post-raciality is an ideological fantasy that hover over the dark racial reality where white supremacy and differential racism work.

De-subjectification and Meaning of Faceless Other in The English Patient

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper aims to explore Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient to find how modern subjectivity and modern art have proved to be exhaustible through modern history and modern art history by closely reading the novel with theoretical scaffoldings including Deleuze and Guattari's idea of nomadism and de-subjecitification and the contextualization between life and book. On the surface level, the novel adopts a detective/war plot but severely maimed face of the English patient, the protagonist, is the focal point in this novel inquiring what the meaning of this erased faciality is. In fact, the English patient's face, a metaphor of the corporeal book and the history, figuratively links to the geography and geology of the Western-centered fascism and resistance. The English patient at first chooses absolute deterritorialization but his nomadic journey fails as he becomes obsessed with possession of Katherine. Yet, the English patient's persistent efforts to disguise himself also opens a way of communication to heal not only his trauma but other characters'. Through these analysis and arguments, this paper intimates that de-subjectification through communicating Others via corporeal metaphor embodies true nomadism.

공공투자 의사결정 합리화를 위한 경기도 체육시설 운영비 표준모형 연구

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae Joong ),박인석 ( Park¸ In Seok ) 한국지방행정연구원 2021 地方行政硏究 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 지방재정 신규투자가 빈번하게 이루어지는 체육시설의 투자의사결정을 합리화하기 위한 기초자료로서 경기도의 체육시설을 대상으로 규모 및 특성별 운영비 표준모형을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 유형별 운영비 표준모형을 회귀모형을 통해 일반화하고, 단위면적당 운영비에 규모의 경제 효과가 나타나는지를 검증하고자 한다. 이에 따라 다음과 같은 연구절차를 수행하였다. 첫째, 체육시설에 관한 현행 법령 및 제도를 고찰하여 분석 대상을 명확히 했다. 둘째, 체육시설의 운영비와 관련된 선행연구를 분석하고 이에 따라 시설특성 및 규모 분류의 중요성을 확인하였다. 셋째, 예·결산 자료의 분류에 근거하여 체육시설 운영비 항목을 정의하였다. 넷째, 경기도내 76개소의 생활체육관 운영비 데이터를 수집하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실증자료에 근거하여 경기도내 체육시설을 ①자율이용시설, ②일반 소형, ③수영장 소형, ④수영장 대형의 네 가지로 분류하고 유형별 운영비 표준모형을 제시하였다. 둘째, 회귀분석을 통해 유형별 단위면적당 운영비에 규모의 경제 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 체육시설 운영비 표준모형을 통해 체육시설 대상 지방재정투자심사, 타당성조사, 경제성분석 등 공공투자의사결정의 합리화에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to present a standard model of operating cost of public sports facilities in Gyeonggi-do for the purpose of rationalizing the decision-making by local governments. It will be also presented to generalize the standard model of operating cost using the regression modeling. Finally, we will verify whether the economy of scale is shown on operating cost per unit area(㎡). The results are as follows. First, based on empirical data, sports facilities in Gyeonggi-do were classifed into four categories: ①Rental-oriened facilities without instrructors, ②Small facilities without pool, ③Small facilities with pool, ④Large facilities with pool. Second, we presented the standard model of operating cost by those 4 categories. Third, we presented generalized standard model of operating cost using regression modeling, and confirmed the presence of the economy of scale in operating cost per unit area. By presenting the standard model of operating cost for sports facilities in this study, it is expected to contribute to rationalizing of public investment decision making process such as local investment appraisal system, feasibility study, cost-benefit anaylsis for sports facilities.

엔트로피에서 맥스웰의 도깨비로 : 토마스 핀천의 『제49호 품목의 경매』 속 닫힌 세계로서의 미국과 실존적 탈주 가능성 연구

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.1

This paper aims to find the meaning of closed society and possibility of Oedipa's existential escape in The Crying of Lot49 written by Thomas Pynchon. This paper first delves into factors of ‘Americaness’ as Pierce's inheritance―the military-industrial complex, cultural cynicism, media-dominating culture that dominated 1960s' America with the theoretical scaffoldings such as Jean Baudrillard's theories especially focusing on his ideas of simulation and hyperreality as the cultural illusion. This paper then traces Oedipa's quest to find a way to resist America as closed society where entropy becomes a dominant metaphor of its catastrophe through prying into Tristero which aims to insidiously rebel against totalitarian control of hegemonic Americaness. Yet Oedipa gets frustrated after finding out that Tristero is in fact a hidden apparatus of Pierce's inheritance. But Oedipa finally arrives at a third way to overcome nihilism brought about by her frustration by being awaken up to her own consciousness as outsider and finding meanings of existential choice and communication. This paper suggests that the opening ending of the novel can trigger bigger questions about the existential realm of humanity that the novel is seeking.

사물과 정동 연구 : 『딕테』와 촛불집회를 중심으로

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.1

This paper aims to explore contextual meaning of thing and affect and how these are expressed in differential areas such as literary works, ethics, and politics by analyzing Theresa Cha Hak-Kyung's Dictee and recent candle demonstration in Korea. As theoretical scaffoldings, the paper employs Spinoza's theory of affect in Ethica and Gilles Deleuze's adaptation of it as well as such ideas as multitude proposed by Antonio Negri and Michael Hart. The paper first of all delineates genealogy of philosophical inquiries on thing and affect then shifts its focus to Gilles Deleuze's preeminent explanation of affect and affection. These theoretical overviews assist readers to understand this paper's analysis of images in Cha's avant-garde masterpiece, Dictee. The paper mostly delve into series of images and their affect in Dictee: the first series of images of Korean women's faces and affect of joy, the second series of images of Western female martyrs and affect of sadness, the third series of images of multitude and their affect, the fourth series of images of things and thing-affect. In the last part of the paper, I examine political meaning of affect and multitude as well as its power in contemporary society, especially recent candle demonstrations in Korea.

The Machine and Garden in Almanac of the Dead

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

This paper aims for comparison of the origin of European American's ideologies as they appear in the writings of early European colonialists and the Native American's criticism about them in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead. To discuss the ideologies, I call them the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies. The terms were first used by Leo Marx in his The Machine in the Garden to criticize ideologies of American society from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. In Almanac of the Dead, the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies have become extreme individualism, racial discrimination and manipulative industrial capitalism, which result in tragedy for all the characters. However, these ideological apparatuses are imploded by three functions of the almanac that represents the power of Native American history. The almanac in Almanac of the Dead fulfills has three functions. First, it connects the small narratives and disrupts the Euro-American ideologies and discourses in terms of the ecological point of view. Second, the almanac reveals the minorities' lost identities. Third, the almanac symbolizes the solidarity which minorities must forge to destroy Euro-American manipulative colonialism.

포스트 디아스포라 시대의 입양과 존재윤리

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.3

This paper aims to explore potentiality of a new theoretical territory―namely, ‘post-diaspora’ focusing on how ‘adoption,’ as a post-diasporic global phenomena, is represented in a Korean American adoptee novel, Lee, Marie Myung Ok’s Somebody’s Daughter. More specifically, this paper investigates adoptee’s narrative through theoretical lens of Giorgio Agamben’s ideas of ‘homo sacer’ and ‘the state of exception,’ Bio-politics, established upon global capitalism and post-marxist shift from production to reproduction, inclusively exclude human life through turning it into ‘bare life’--i.e. refugee, surrogate mothers, human organ trafficking, etc. As an example of those phenomena, Korean adoptee narrative in Somebody’s Daughter illuminate how those transnationally exported human subject turns into commodity and how the bi-racial adoptee of the novel, Sarah, comes to realize the true meaning of life through post-diasporic odyssey to find her hidden identity. In paralleled narrative of her birth mother, Kyung-Sook also shows how state of exception and bio-politics operate to turn both mother and daughter into homo sacer.