한국인의 종교성과 종교적 배타성

윤인진(Yoon, In Jin),양대영(Yang, Dae Young) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2013 亞細亞硏究 Vol.56 No.2

In recent decades, Korean religious groups have increased their political influence and conflicts between different religions have become visible and intensified. In this context, we examined the levels and patterns of religious exclusiveness in both private and public domains and the reasons for their expression in South Korean society. We used both statistical analyses that used the 2008 KGSS dataset and in-depth interviews with 15 interviewees. After pointing out limitations of the religious index developed in the United States in the multi-religious South Korean religious context, we introduced a multidimensional index that consists of religious faith, religious act, and religious function and employed both conventional variables commonly used in religious studies and new variables that seem to capture multi-religious aspects of South Korea. Results of statistical analyses show that religious faith and act have significant effects on the tolerance toward a spouse of different religion. But religious function has no significant effect on this matter. Especially the level of faith in Buddhist doctrines and the frequency of attendance in religious meetings have significant effects. In the case of support for political candidates of different religion, only religious act has an significant effect while both religious faith and religious function have no effects. Especially, the frequency of prayers is the most significant variable. Also, in general, both Buddhists and Catholics are less exclusive than Protestants in matters of marital selection and political support. Results of in-depth interviews show that religious exclusiveness is the lowest in friendship, and in support for political candidates and interpersonal relationship at workplace in decreasing order. It is the highest in marital selection. As seen in statistical analyses, differences among religious groups are also observed in in-depth interviews. Protestants are the most religious exclusive toward people of different religious in both private and public domains, and both Buddhists and Catholics are not exclusive toward other religions. Protestants exhibit strong propensity to apply their Christian teachings, rituals and practices, and values to other people, workplace and political arenas, and this causes ill feeling and repulsion among Buddhists and Catholics toward Protestants.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

體育 特技者의 進路 傾向과 育成策에 관한 硏究

李勇仁,李大珩 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1993 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.1

In the research of course the dency and upbring program of athletic talents, I selected 146 Persons (17% of all) who were attending as a representitives of Chung-Nam and won the prize in individual event (Running, Swimming, Gymnastics) from the lst National Under Age Sports Contst of 10th. But actually 101 plaers were examined and the result is as follows. First of all, I search, examined and analyzed the course of talents. The result 1. They were-especially Swimming and Gymnastic players-excellent in aptitude and female was superior to male. 2. They favorably could promote themselves to high school but half of then entered university and continued their jobs. 3. In employment section, a teacher is only secure and the rate of teacher employment was about 30%. 4. Almost half of them won the prize more than tow times Swimming and Gymnastic players were superior to others. 5. Most of then were below the middle in intelligence and academic career. In the next, comparing the result to research about up buinging progran of Democracy with that of Communism. I will summarize the way of atheletics development and up bring and up program of Athetic talents in runer as follows. 1. In Democraxy put the purpise of athletic development and Upbringing program at private growth and development, but Communism aims for establishment of Socialism. labor and Self-defence political purpose. In Korea pursue both ofsides and put the weight on national prestige through athletics. 2. In the way of unearthing athletes, Communism dose that in infancy and trains them professionally at the special athlricschool and manuge scientifically. On the other hand Democracy trys to unearth them as early time but on their own opinions they choice special training conrse. They enroll normal school and train arferschool. In Korea try to find players throagh Under Age Sports Contest and we have middle, high athletic system. 3. In Democracy performs every kinds of sports contest at the view point of developing National athletic Policy, but Communism apply the norm of athletics to all people and Social athletics are favored. In Korea performs the norm of athletics to students in school and the standard is so low that assertion of extinction is comming grown. 4. In school education, Demcoracy performs for the purpose of education for the whole man. But communism makes it arule to play two more hours a week except normal athletic class. It is madatory In Korea athletic class is looked down on and students put the weight on entrance subject for university. The perception on athletics of people is not good and that brings weakness of urban student. 5. Privilege given to those who won the prize in international Contest in notable in Communism In Korea, they have privilage in annuity, compensation military service exemption, scholarship.

젠더법의 관점에서 본 공공조달

김대인 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2011 이화젠더법학 Vol.3 No.1

공공조달과 양성평등정책의 연계에 대해서는 찬반논란이 있으나 다음과 같은 근거에서 연계하는 것이 바람직하다. 첫째, 공공조달계약을 순수한 사법상 계약으로 볼 수 없기 때문이다. 국가계약법에서 사법상 계약과 다른 특수한 규정(부정당업자제재 등)을 두고 있다는 점을 고려할 때 공법상 계약으로서의 성격이 강하다고 보아야 한다. 이렇게 볼 경우 공공정책(양성평등정책)의 수단으로 공공조달계약을 활용하는 것도 충분히 가능해진다. 둘째, 공공조달법제와 양성평등법제를 종합적으로 이해할 필요가 있기 때문이다. 우리나라의 경우 헌법상의 평등원칙이 국가의 모든 행정작용을 원칙적으로 기속한다는 점을 고려하면 공공조달법제와 양성평등법제를 분리된 법제로 이해하는 것은 타당하다고 보기 힘들다. 셋째, 공공조달은 양성평등을 실현함에 있어서 매우 효과적인 수단이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 사업자의 자발적인 참여를 이끌어낼 수 있고, 공공기관이 유일하거나 주요한 고객인 시장부문에서는 강력한 효과를 발휘할 수 있다. 문제는 구체적으로 어떤 방식으로, 어느 정도 공공조달과 양성평등정책을 연계할 것인가 하는 점이다. 영국의 법제와 관련판례를 검토해 보면 우리나라의 제도개선과 관련하여 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 공공조달의 각 단계별로 성주류화를 실현하기 위한 보다 포괄적인 접근이 필요하다. 여성기업만을 볼 것이 아니라, 공공조달의 고객에 미치는 영향도 분석할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 성별영향평가의 법적인 위상을 보다 명확하게 정립할 필요가 있다. 성별 영향평가를 필수적으로 거쳐야 하는 대상을 공공조달과 관련하여 명확하게 규정하고 이를 거치지 않은 경우에는 낙찰기준의 위법성을 인정해야 한다. 셋째, 입찰참가자격 제한사유 안에 양성평등 관련법제의 위반도 포함시킬 필요가 있다. 다만 이 부분을 엄격하게 적용할 경우에는 경쟁제한성을 띠게 되므로 영국과 마찬가지로 중대한 양성평등 관련법제 위반행위에 제한할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 적극적 조치는 비례원칙에 부합하는 합리적인 범위에서 이루어질 필요가 있다. 특히 공공조달 자체의 투명성 및 효율성과 최대한 조화되는 방향으로 이루어질 필요가 있다. Public procurement and gender equality policy should be linked for following reasons. First, Public procurement contract should not be deemed as a private contract. As the ‘Act on the Contracts in which the state is a party’ has different provisions other than private contract (debarment, compulsory competition in bidding procedure etc), public procurement contracts should be evaluated as ‘public contracts’. This ‘publicness’ allows these contracts to be used as a tool for gender equality. Second, public procurement law and gender law should be understood as a whole. Considering the fact that Equality provision in Korean Constitutional Law binds all administrative activities, there is no reason for dealing public procurement law and gender law separately. Third, public procurement can be a useful tool for realizing gender equality policy. Public procurement can induce voluntary participation of enterprises into gender equality policy. Furthermore, implementing gender equality policy through public procurement can be influential especially in markets in which public bodies are sole or major client(s). Through the review of UK regime which links public procurement and gender equality policy, we can learn following lessons. First, it is necessary to adopt more comprehensive approach to achieve gender-mainstreaming in each stage of public procurement. Not only supporting women-owned business but also considering effect on clients in public procurement is needed. Second, more proactive approach to gender impact analysis is desirable. It should be clearly defined which public procurement procedure should be reviewed by gender impact analysis. If gender impact analysis were not implemented in establishing standard for award, this award standard should be evaluated as invalid. Third, breach of gender equality law should be included as a scorelowering factor in pre-qualification (PQ) of competitive bidding. However, this PQ standard should be limited into breach of major provisions of gender equality law. Because this standard tends to limit competition in public procurement. Fourth, affirmative action in public procurement (set-asides) should be compatible with the principle of proportionality. Affirmative action in public procurement should be pursued in harmonization of transparency and efficiency of public procurement.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

혈액투석시 Double Lumen Silicone Rubber Catheter ( = Permcath ) 사용의 임상적 경험

차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),김선숙(Sun Sook Kim),이영호(Young Ho Lee),권영주(Young Joo Kwon),조원용(Won Yong Cho),김형규(Hyoung Kyu Kim),선경(Kung Sun),김정숙(Jung Sook Kim),함인귀(In Gui Ham),김미경(Mi Kyung Kim) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

N/A Background: Repeated, long-term access of the vascular system is a prerequisite for successful extended care of the patients with end stage renal disease (=ESRD) treated with hemodialysis. Despite recent technical advances in percutaneous venous cannulation, vascular access remains a major problem in patients requiring acute Hemodialysis. Although the subclavian cannula has gained a large clinical acceptance in recent years, it carries specific risks such as hemothorax, pneumothorax, venus stenosis, thrombus formation and infection. Recently, a double-lumen, central venous catheter made of Silicone Rubber (=Perm cath) has developed for use as a vascular access device, This device is particularly useful in patients who have exhausted other vascular access sites or who have severe cardiovascular disease. Methods: A total of 23 dual-lumen silicone rubber catheters were placed through the internal jugular vein in 23 patients as a vascular access at our institution during the period of April, 1992 through November, 1992. The perm-cath (Hemocath, Quinton, Seattle) is 36 Cm long and each lumen has an internal diameter of 2 mm. Implantation of the catheters occurred in the operating room and under strict aseptic conditions through the right internal jugular vein. A 10 cm subcutaneous tunnel was then created, which extended from the in-cison to a point 2 cm above the ipsilateral clavicle. The catheter was passed out through the upper portion of the subcutaneous tunnel with the Dacron cuff placed 2 cm from the lower end of the tunnel, acting as both an anchor and a barrier to infection. The tip of the catheter was inserted through an internal jngular vein terminating in the right atrium under EKG monitoring. Each lumen of the catheter was filled with 1000 units of heparin sodium (1.5 ml in venous line, 1.5 ml in arterial line) and capped. Results : The mean duration of catheter use was 24±16 days (8 to 119 days), and the complication of perm-cath occurred in 3 cases such as venous thrombosis in 1 case, catheter exit site infection in 1 case, and exit site hematoma in 1 case. During hemodialysis, blood flow rate ranged from 190 to 313ml/min (mean:235±26ml/ min), and venous retrun pressure ranged from 20 to 150 mmHg(mean:65±16mmHg). Total 14 catheters were removed during treatment and the causes of catheter removal were patient death in 8 cases, venous thrombosis 1, recovery from acute rena1 failure 2, fistula maturation 2, infection 1. Conclusion: Internal jugular vein cannulation with silastic catheter which offers a new percutaneous method was provided safe and reliable as the temporary central vein access. The catheters are well tolerated by the patients and have the advantages of immediate use after placement, high blood flow rates, no repetitive venipuncture, and no cardiac dysfunction. Permcath is particulary useful in patients who have exhausted other vascular access site, severe cardiovascular disease, and terrified by repetitive venipuncture. Though our initial experience has been favorable, there will be needed to evaluate the outcome of permcath over longer period of time.

「공공기관의 운영에 관한 법률」상 공공조달법제의 현황과 발전방안

김대인(Kim, Dae In) 행정법이론실무학회 2011 행정법연구 Vol.- No.31

우리나라의 「공공기관의 운영에 관한 법률」상 공공조달계약법제와 EU의 공공조달지침, 공익산업지침을 비교해보면 다음과 같은 차이점이 발견된다. 일단 우리나라는 계약의 주체에 따라 규율이 달라지는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 국가, 지방자치단체, 공공기관에 적용되는 각각의 법률이 독립하여 존재하고 있기 때문이다. 이에 비해 EU는 국가, 지방자치단체, ‘공법의 규율을 받는 기관’ 간에 원칙적으로 차이를 두지 않고 공공조달지침의 적용을 받도록 하고 있다는 점에서 차이가 있다. 다만 EU에서도 공익산업의 경우에는 별도의 규정을 둠으로써 차별성을 기하고 있다. 우리나라 공공기관법상 ‘공공기관’의 개념을 EU의 유사개념과 비교해보면 다음과 같은 차이가 나타난다. EU 공공조달지침상 ‘공법의 규율을 받는 기관’에서는 개념요소로 “공익의 수요를 충족하는 특정한 목적으로 설립되어야 하며 산업적이거나 영업적 성격을 갖지 않아야 한다”는 점을 들고 있다. 이러한 점에서 보면 자체수입액이 총수입액의 50% 이상인 공기업까지 포함하고 있는 우리나라의 공공기관 개념보다는 그 외연이 좁은 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그리고 우리나라의 공기업에 해당되는 기업들에 대해서는 공익산업에 해당하는 경우에만 EU 공익산업조달지침에서 규율하고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이상과 같은 비교를 토대로 우리나라 「공공기관의 운영에 관한 법률」상 공공조달계약법제의 발전 방안을 제시해보면 다음과 같다. 우선 우리나라 법제에서는 ‘국가’에 적용되는 공공조달법제와 ‘공공기관’에 적용되는 공공조달법제의 차이점에 대한 고민이 부재하다고 할 수 있다. 법률상으로는 별도로 규율되고 있지만 그 실제내용을 분석해보면 지명경쟁입찰이나 수의계약입찰사유를 약간 확대해놓은 것 이외에는 특별한 차이를 발견하기 힘들다. EU에서 일반적인 공공조달지침보다 탄력성을 확대해놓은 내용으로 공익산업지침이 제정되어 있는 점은 우리나라에 주는 시사점이 크다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 이처럼 ‘국가’에 적용되는 공공조달법제와 ‘공공기관’에 적용되는 공공조달법제간에 차별성을 둘 때에도 공공기관의 유형별로 다르게 볼 여지가 있다. 우리나라 법제에서는 공기업과 준정부기관의 공공조달법제가 동일하게 규율되는 모습을 취하고 있으나 이 부분도 재고를 요한다. EU에서 공공성이 주를 이루는 ‘공법의 규율을 받는 공공기관’에 대해서는 공공조달지침을 적용하고, 상업성이 주를 이루는 공기업에 대해서는 주로 공익산업조달지침을 적용하고 있는 점을 고려할 필요가 있다. 물론 우리나라에서 공기업과 준정부기관을 공공조달에 있어서 동일하게 취급해온 것은 공기업의 경우에도 계약사무의 투명성을 확보해야 할 필요성이 준정부기관에 못지 않게 매우 높다는 점을 반영한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 장기적으로 볼 때에는 공기업의 ‘상업성’을 적절하게 고려하여 ‘준정부기관’에 비해서 탄력적으로 공공조달법제를 운영하는 것이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. Some differences can be found from comparison between public procurement regulations of "Act on the Management of Public Institutions" in Korea and those of EU Public Procurement Directive and Utilities Procurement Directive. In Korea, state, local government and public institution have their own respective public procurement regulations. EU, meanwhile, have integrated public procurement regulation applying to state, local government and "bodies governed by public law" all together (EU Public Procurement Directive). However, EU has separate legislation on utilities (EU Utilities Procurement Directive). "Public institutions" in "Act on the Management of Public Institutions" differs from "bodies governed by public law" in EU Public Procurement Directive. "Bodies governed by public law" are bodies "established for the specific purpose of meeting needs in the general interest, not having industrial or commercial character." At this point, "bodies governed by public law" (EU) has relatively narrow meaning than "public institution" (Korea) which include "public enterprise" whose self revenue exceeds 50% of total revenue. From this comparison, following improvements is needed for public procurement regulation in "Act on the Management of Public Institutions". First, similarities and differences between "state" procurement and "public institution" procurement should be clearly defined. Although there is separate legislation to each procurement, there are no specific differences between theses regulations except some provisions relating to contract type. EU Utilities Procurement Directive has more flexible regulation in comparison to EU Public Procurement Directive. Korea can learn some lessons from EU"s experience. Furthermore, differences among various types of "public institutions" should be considered. In Korea, public enterprises and quasi-governmental agencies are regulated similarly. However, this system needs to be reformed. In EU, "bodies which are regulated by public law" are principally regulated by EU Public Procurement Directive, whilst public enterprises are principally regulated by EU Utilities Procurement Directive. Korean legislation which regulates public enterprises and quasi-governmental agencies altogether can be understood through transparency needs in both systems. However, there needs more flexible regulation of public enterprises in comparison to quasi-governmental agencies considering commercial or industrial character of public enterprises. Korea differentiates between "public enterprises & quasi governmental agencies" and "other public institutions" by type of regulation. The former is regulated by departmental degree, while the latter is regulation by in-house directive. However, this system cannot be legitimized, because there are many "other public institutions" whose depth of publicness or effect to market cannot be overlooked. This difference of regulation type gives rise to vacuum of rights protection in debarment cases. Therefore, this difference of regulation type should be removed. According to Korean Supreme Court Decisions, "public enterprises & quasi governmental agencies" debarment can be challenged by administrative lawsuit, while "other public institutions" debarment cannot. However, administrative lawsuit should be permitted to "other public institutions" debarment also, because in-house directive relating "other public institutions" debarment can be evaluated as a "statute-complementary" directive and contents of regulations are very similar to those of "public enterprises & quasi governmental agencies".

특성화고 ‘인간발달’ 교과서의 인구교육 내용 분석: 저출산·고령화 사회 대비를 위한 인구교육 내용체계(2015)를 중심으로

윤인경 ( Yoon In Kyung ),이수정 ( Lee Soo Jeong ),김민정 ( Kim Minjeong ) 인구교육센터 2016 인구교육 Vol.9 No.1

‘인간발달’ 과목은 특성화고 학생의 인간발달 기초에 대한 전반적인 이해와 이를 토대로 한 직업 세계에서의 발달 지향적 인간으로서의 관계 형성을 위한 교과이다. 이 연구는 2009 개정 교육과정에 의해 개발된 특성화고 인간발달 교과서에 대한 인구교육에 대한 반영 정도를 양적·질적 분석을 통해 향후 인구교육에 대한 교육적 함의를 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 교과서 분석 준거는 윤인경 외(2006)에서 개발한 인구교육 내용 체계를 수정·보완한 4개의 대영역, 10개의 중영역, 23개의 중영역, 71개의 내용요소로 이루어진 윤인경 외(2015)의 ‘저출산·고령화 사회 대비 학교 인구교육의 내용 체계’를 활용하였다. 분석을 통해 얻은 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘Ⅰ. 인간존중’ 영역에서는 중영역 ‘1. 인권’의 경우에는 모든 소영역을 다 다루고 있었으나, 중영역 ‘2. 평등’의 경우에는 소영역 ‘3) 소수자 평등’에 대한 내용이 다루어지지 않았으며, ‘2) 연령 평등’에 대한 언급 역시 부족하였다. 자료 유형은 거의 본문만을 활용하였다. 둘째, ‘Ⅱ. 가족’ 영역에서는 중영역 ‘3. 출산과 양육’의 경우에는 다양한 자료를 활용하여 모든 소영역을 다 다루고 있으나, ‘1. 가족의 의미 변화’와 ‘2. 결혼’의 경우에는 활용한 자료 유형이 제한적이었음은 물론, ‘1. 가족의 의미와 변화’ 내 소영역 ‘1) 가족구조의 변화’에 대해 제시하고 있지 않았다. 셋째, ‘Ⅲ. 인구’ 영역의 경우에는 다루는 내용의 불균형이 가장 많이 나타났다. 구체적으로 중영역 ‘1. 인구변동’과 ‘2. 저출산’에 대한 어떠한 언급이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 ‘3. 고령화’의 경우에는 단지 자료 유형은 본문 만 활용한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, ‘Ⅳ. 복지’ 영역의 경우에는 중영역 ‘1. 공적대비(제도 및 정책)’ 내 소영역 ‘1) 가족친화 정책’, ‘2) 고령친화 정책’과 함께 중영역 ‘2. 사적 대비(진로 및 생애 설계)’ 내 소영역‘1) 생애설계와 노후 준비’에 대한 언급이 본문’과 읽기자료’를 통해 제시되어 있었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 통해 ‘인간발달’ 과목은 특성화고 학생의 인간발달 기초에 대한 전반적인 이해와 이를 토대로 한 직업 세계에서의 발달 지향적 인간으로서의 관계 형성을 위한 교과임에도 불구하고 인구교육과 관련된 내용 영역 간 불균형이 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이를 제시하는 방식 역시 ‘본문’과 ‘읽기자료’라는 텍스트에 한정되어 있어 학습자의 다양한 자료 유형에 대한 경험이 제한될 우려가 있었다. 따라서 향후 교과서 집필 시, 관계 부처와의 협의를 통해서 인구교육과 관련된 내용의 불균형 문제 해결 및 이를 제시함에 있어서 다양한 자료 유형을 활용할 수 있는 방안을 마련할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 저출산·고령사회 대비를 위해서는 무엇보다 교사, 학생 더 나아가 국민의 인식 변화를 위해서는 학교 교육 내에서의 교육이 중요하다. 그러므로 이에 대한 학교에서부터의 교육이 중요하므로 교육을 위해 활용되는 교과서 집필에 많은 노력을 기울여야 하며, 이 연구는 이를 위한 하나의 방안을 제시할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to draw an educational undertone of future population education through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of reflection level of population education in human development textbook of characterization high school developed 2009 revised curriculum. Analysis criteria of textbook is ‘The Content System of Population Education in School Adapting for Low Fertility and Aged Society’ of Yoon In-kyung(2015) consisting of 4 large sections, 10 middle sections, 23 small sections, and 71 components modifying and supplementing a content system in population education developed by Yoon In-kyung(2006). Study results gained through the analysis are as follows. First, in a section ‘Ⅰ. Respect for Man´s Life and Dignity’, a middle section ‘1. Human Rights’ dealt with all small sections, but a middle section ‘2. Equality’ did not deal with a small section ‘3) Minority Equality’ and also had insufficient reference of ‘2) Age Equality’. As material types, the body was used. Second, in a section ‘Ⅱ. Family’, a middle section ‘3. Childbirth and Nurture’ dealt with all small sections with various materials, but ‘1. The Variation in Meaning of Family’ and ‘2. Marriage’ used restrictive material types, and a small section ‘1) The Variation in Family Structure’ in ‘1. The Variation in Meaning of Family’ was not suggested. Third, ‘Ⅲ. Population’ had the most content balance. In a concrete form, there was no reference of middle sections such as ‘1. Population Change’ and ‘2. Low Fertility’. In addition, ‘3. Aging’ only used the body as material types. Fourth, in a section ‘Ⅳ. Welfare’, a small section ‘1) Life Design and Later Life Preparation’ in a middle section ‘2. Private Preparation(Career and Life Design’ with small sections such as ‘1) Family-friendly Policy’ and ‘2) Aging-friendly Policy’ in a middle section ‘1. Public Preparation(System and Policy)’ were suggested through ‘the body’ and ‘reading material’. Through these study results, although a subject ‘human development’ is a subject for the overall understanding of a base for human development of characterization high school students and for relationship building as a development-oriented person in the work world based on this, there is an imbalance between content sections related to population education. In addition, a method suggesting this is also limited to texts such as ‘the body’ and ‘reading material’, so it is concerned that learners’ experience of various material types can be restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up a plan to use various material types in the solution of the imbalance problem and the suggestion of contents related to population education through consultation with the relevant authorities on writing textbook in the future. To adapt to low fertility and aging society, and above all things, to change recognition of teachers, students, and people, education in school education is important. Therefore, education from school of this is important, so a lot of effort should be put into writing used textbook, and it is expected that this study will suggest a plan for this.

유지 투석중인 만성 신부전환자에서 허혈성 심질환의진단 지표로서의 심장트로닌-I의 유용성

신병철,강대웅,정지용,류봉관,서영욱,김정인,김범윤,김현리,정종훈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Background : Coronary disease is highly prevalent in patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and account for much of their observed morbidity and mortality. Troponin-I consistently maintains a high sensitivity and specificity and is most sensitive marker for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Method : We examed 49 hernodialyzed patients (22 male, 27 female) without evidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for 6 months. Biochemical markers were measured in serial predialysis blood samples. For analysis, we used two cardio-specific assays for troponin-T (cTnT) as well as for troponin-I (cTnI) and compared the results with CK-MB (reference value ≤ 4.0 ng/mL) concentration. Results : Myocardial ischemia was observed in 47% (23/49) of patients. cTnT level above 0.1 ng/mL. and cTnI level above 0.5 ng/mL, were observed in 22% (11/49) and 20% (10/49) of patients respectively. cTnI revealed significantly higher positive rate in patients with myocardial ischemia than the patients without myocardial ischemia (43 % vs 30%) (p<0.05). cTnT and CK-MB revealed no difference in positive rate between the patients with and without myocardial ischemia (cTnT : 30% vs 15% and CK-MB : 30% vs 19%). The sensitivity and specificity of cTnI to myocardial ischemia were higher than those of cTnT and CK-MB (sensitivity 43% vs 30% and 30%. specificity 100% vs 85% and 81%). Conclusion: Both cTnT and cTnI are useful in ruling out myocardial injury in chronic renal failure patients. But. cTnI is a more sensitivity and excellent specificity of ischemic heart disease than cTnT and CK-MB in hemodialyzed patients. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the presences of DM and advanced age were higher than those in patients without ischemic heart disease (p<0.05). Among the baseline characteristics old age, elevated LDH and diabeties were significant more frequent in the patients with elevation of cardiac troponin-I (p>0.5 ng/mL) than those with cardiac troponin-I (p<0.5 ng/mL), p=0.038, p=0.049, and p=0.045, respectively. Our results suggest that these cTnI is the potential diagnostic marker for the prediction of IHD in ESRD patients.

새마을運動의 實績ㆍ評價에 관한 硏究 : 忠北 丹陽地域 山間을 중심으로

任文淳,金仁謙,申大淳 건국대학교 1976 學術誌 Vol.20 No.1

1. Significance of "Saemaul undong,,. The saemaul undone is Korean type of the community development project that has undergone wide-spread success in developing countries throughout the world in recent years. "Saemaul undong, which is based on traditionally cooperative spirits among Koreans has been initiated and guide-lined by president Park of the Republic of Korea. In october 1970 the Saemaul pilot projects were conducted with emphasis on farm and fishery communities across the country by the Ministry of Home Affairs. With successful experiences from pilot projects, nationwide "Saemaul undong, was positively and actively tried by the Central "Saemaul undong,, coordination Board which is staffed with representative of appropriate Government agencies concerned in 1972. "Saemaul undong,, is, in brief, a movement for prosperous life in future. In other word, it is a voluntary effort of not only an individual or a group of people but the entire society for their common good. This nationwide movement should be spiritually based on diligence, self-help and cooperation of the participating individuals, groups or units so that they can try to achive better home, prosperous community and strong nation. In the implementation of "Saemaul undong, when any problem arises or exists, plan is made by villagers on a voluntary basis to solue such problems with their own resources and manpower. However, when necessary or the problem is beyond the villager's financial or technical capabilities, they are supported by the Government financially or technically. "Saemaul undong,, can be put into three main projects such as spiritual enlightenment, environmental improvements and income growth through increased production. Emphasis was placed on environmental improvement project untill 1973. From 1974 on, "income growth through increased production,, has been emphasized not only in rural areas but also in some of urban regions. Long-range plan of "Saemaul undong,, is as follows : A. "Saemaul undong,, is implemented at three different stages as listed below. (1) Stage I This stage may be called "Stage of foundation construction,,.(1971-1973) At this stage spirits of "saemaul undong,, are gradually encouraged to the participants through basic environment improvements or other easy projects. (2) Stage II-self-help and developing stage belongs to here (1974-1976). At this stage, production foundation is expanded, assisted with the accomplishment of the standard rural environment. (3) Stage III-"This stage can be expressed as Independent and completion stage,, (1977-1981). A total of 34,665 farm villages throughout the country will turn into the standard farm village through increased farm production and income from other sources. B. Each village is classified into one of the three different groups according to it's developmental level, namely underdeveloped villages, developing villages and developed villages, and each village is promoted to next developmental title, depending on progress of development. C. Each of 34,665 villages is classified into one of the following patterns, according to it's tophographic location or other conditions, deeply mountainous villages ; medium mountainous villages; plain villages; fishery villages; suburban villages Suitable development method are used according to its pattern. d. Considering that progect on a basis of a village unit is completed, a joint cooperative project is encouraged under the participation of several villages in a given area. "Saemaul undong,, which was ignited only five years ago, resulted in miraculous results which could not have been achieved for a few centuries in the past, changing farm villages as well as urban societies structurally and functionally. It has changed thought and way of living of the community residents, and remarkedly contributed to increase of the income and welfare of the people. 2. Achievements of Saemaul Undong During the five years, the number of participants in 34,665 villages and 35 cities has approxmated to 332 million. The total number of projects completed during this period reached 4,495,000. Furthmore, the total worth produced by this movement was 2.5 times as great as the total amount of the government assistance. The effects of Saemaul undong are as follows : 1) Improvement of Environment : The environmental betterment project has contributed to the development of enthusiasm and the sense of self-help. One of the remarkable things is that the basic establishments for the modernization of the country have been already made. Most of the rural areas have been electrified. Telephones are installed in many villages. Makeshift water supply systems which supply clean and sanitary water to the villagers have been installed. The transportation networks have been readjusted and extendeded rural areas, connecting through the highway. Such public establishments as storehouses, marketplaces, village assembly halls, public bathrooms, and public libraries have been established in the rural villages. 2) Increase in Income (1) The movement provided the strong basis for production and income-increase. The expansion of transportation networks including the construction of village and farm roads propelled both the improvement of transportation and marketing systems and the mechanization of farming ; the provision of irrigation farilities and the consolidation of farmlands improved the agricultural structure : the electrification and communication facilities of the rural villages enabled to extend the productive activities and flows of products. In the view of the increase in food production, Korea has experienced a revolution of "Tong-Il" variety species. Along with which, the government has supported various projects such as expansion of the base far agricultural production, mechanization of agricultural production, scientific methods of fertilization, farm technology, and top-soil improvement. As a result, the nation has achieved the historical record of rice production from 4.45 million tons in 1974 to 4.67 million tons in 1975. (2) The movement established the cooperative production system. (3) The movement employed the unemployed lobor in the rural region. Most of the unemployed people in the communities were mobilized to participate in a lot of saemaul projects and related income projects, particularly the wage-reinvesting projects and saemaul factories have greatly contributed to attracting the idle labor force. 3) Spiritual Enlightenment of the people. The philosophy of the Saemaul undone is based on the spirit of diligence, self·help, and cooperation. The new spiritual awakening of the people Financial inputs to "Saemaul Undong" ◁표 참조▷ p. 460 Table 2 Project Achievements of "Saemaul Undong" ◁표 참조▷ p. 461 have laid the spiritual basis for the renewal of the economic environment. The hearts of the people are stirring with enthusiasm and desire for the new economic environment. The basis for the modernization of the country has matured through the spiritual enlightenment. 3. Evaluation on achievements of Saemaul Undong(case study) In order to precisely evaluate and analyze achievements of "saemaul undong" sampling study for the entire nation is required. However it will be a attemped in the studs to be followed. In this study, deep mountainous villages, which are relatively adversely located, were selected as sample. They are seven villages located in the jurisdiction of choong song Puk to province, as shown below. ◁표 참조▷ p. 461 DANYANG Gun (county) of CHOONG PUK province occupies 10.6% of the province in size, and is mostly mountainous (83.7%) with arable land of 12.8%. Total farm house-hold is 64%, and remaining 36% is non-farmer. Data were collected through interviews with village chiefs and leaders during the period of 26-28 Jan 76. Evaluating criteria were put into the two main divisions, namely promising factors and project achievements, and the two were further, sub-divided for point, as follows ; 1) Promising factors : Resident's participation, planning, organization and operation, leaders and their leadership, operating funds 2) Project achievements : Improvement of the cultural environment, food production, income growth project, cooperative project, improvement of living conditions. (Table 3) Total ◁표 참조▷ p. 462 These evaluating factors differ from each other in importance, a different weight has been multiplied for each factor. Weight has been determined in order of importance expressed by the village leaders during the interviews. Summarized below are results of the investigatin : 1) Promising factors : Residents were willing to participate in, and adequate number of leader was working, Howeer, majority of villages are in short supply of operating funds. 2) Project achievements : Enviromental improvements were remarkable, but progresses in the fields of production and income were insgnificant. Overall points based on valuating factors are shown in the table below. Therefore, village funds will have to be accumulated, and also emphasis should be placed on increase of income.