부산 ·경남지역 중학교 남학생의 학년에 따른 컴퓨터 음란물 접촉실태에 관한 연구

김혜옥,손혜숙,김대환,이종태 韓國保健敎育 ·健康增進學會 1999 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.16 No.2

To evaluate the status of the contact to lascivious computer programs and sexual attitude and behaviour by the grades of middle school boy students, the questionnaire survey was done on 715 students of five middle schools in Pusan and Kimhae area from December 15 to December 24, 1997. The data were analyzed by PC SAS; X² -test. The level of significance was 0.05. 404 students (56.5%) had a personal computer in their home. 516 students (72.2%) have experienced of using a computer program. 294(57%) of them usually played a game with computer. 514 students(71.9%) had experiences of the contact to a lascivious computer program, which increased with the grades of the students(p〈0.05). The first exposure to a lascivious program was when they were elementary school students in 24.6% of first grade middle school students, 13.8% of second grade, and 11.3% of 3rd grade students. 92% of the students was introduced to first contact through their friends. 63.7% of them watch the program at their friends home. The most common drives to contact to a lascivious programs were curiosity (53%). Sexual desire was a higher drive in third grade students (20.6%) than lower grades. After contacting to a computer lascivious program, desire of masterbation was more frequent in lower grade students, and feeling disgust was more frequent in higher grade students (p〈0.05). Frequence of masterbation or sexual intercourse was higher in high grade students(p〈0.05). In conclusion, distribution and popular use of computer attributes to the increased exposure to lascivious programs and lowering the age of first exposure. there was the difference according to the grades in the feeling and sexual behaviour after contacting to computer lascivious program. Appropriate methods to protect young students to contact a lascivious program should be sought. The use of computer should be educated in elementary school students accompanied by proper sex education.

중국에서 이식한 종어 (Leiocassis longirostris Gunther)의 외부 형태 및 초기생활사

이완옥,김경환,김대희,조용철,김응오 한국어류학회 2004 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

한국에서 절멸된 것으로 알려진 종어 (Leiocassis longifostris)를 국내에 복원하고, 양식대상종으로 개발하기 위하여 중국에서 도입하여 외부형태를 비교하고, 난발생 과정 및 부화자어의 형태를 연구하였다. 도입된 표본의 계수·계측형질을 국내와 중국에 알려진 문헌과 비교한 결과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 중국에서 도입한 암수 한쌍의 성어에서 채란하였고, 습식법으로 수정하였다. 수정란의 크기는 2.01∼2.10 mm(n=10)이었으며, 알의 형태는 원반형이고, 난막은 무색투명하였으며, 강한 접착력이 있었다. 난황은 담황색이고 유구는 없었다. 수정 1시간 후에 배반이 완성되었고, 1시간 30분 후에 난할이 시작되었다. 수정란의 수온을 21.5∼23.0℃로 유지할 때 30∼50분 간격으로 이후 난할이 계속되었다. 수정 후 상실기는 6시간에 도달하였고, 낭배기는 20시간 20분 후에 완성되었다. 난황 표면에서 관찰되는 특이한 연동운동은 상실기에 시작되어 포배기 말기인 30% epiboly기까지 계속되었다. 수정 75시간 후에 부화에 이르렀고, 부화 직후 자어의 크기는 전장 5.91∼6.10 mm 이었다. 부화 3일 후에 입이 열리고, 수염과 부레가 완성되었으며, 전장 9.07 ∼9.37 mm까지 자랐다. 부화 15일후에는 모든 지느러미가 완성되어 후기자어기 상태이었고, 전장 14.80∼16.50 mm로 자랐으며, 부화 25일 후에는 체형, 체색 그리고 생활습성 등이 성체와 유사하고, 전장은 18.59∼22.35 mm까지 성장하였다. The Long-snout bullhead, Leiocassis longirostris, is an introduced fish from China which had become extinct in Korea. Its morphological characteristics and early life history was studied to obtain useful information required for restoration of the species and also for its utilization as an aquaculture fish. Measurements and counts of specimens introduced into Korea were included in the range of those taken from the known literature of Korea and China. Eggs were obtained by fertilization by wet method in the laboratory using one mature male and female adults of introduced L. longirostris. The fertilized eggs measured 2.01-2.10 ㎜ (n = 10) in diameter. The eggs were diskshaped and strongly adhesive, with colorless transparent membrane. The yolk was pale yellow in color with no oil globule. The blastodisc was formed in about 1 hour and cleavage started around 1 hour 30 minutes after fertilization. The cleavage intervals were about 30-50 minutes at 21.5-23℃. The morula stage was reached at 6 hours, and gastrulation was completed at 20 hours 20 min. after fertilization. Peristalsic movements of the yolk surface started at the morula stage and continued to the blastula stage (30% epiboly). Hatching occurred 75 hours after fertilization, and newly hatched larvae were 5.91-6.10 ㎜ (n = 10) in total length (TL). The mouth was open, and barbels and the air-bladder were completely formed 3 days after hatching, at 9.07-9.37 ㎜ TL. All the fin rays were completely formed and the larvae became a postlarva 15 days after hatching at 14.80-16.50 ㎜ in TL. Body shape, color pattern, and habitat behavior were similar to those in the adult at 25 days after hatching and a size of 18.59-22.35 ㎜ TL.

초등학교 과학 교과서 변천에 관한 연구 : 3차~7차 교육과정 물질 영역을 중심으로 centered on the area of matter from 3rd curriculum to 7th curriculum

손양옥,이대형 춘천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2004 과학교육연구 Vol.27 No.-

유효 음성 추출을 위한 머징알고리즘에 관한 연구

김진옥,황대준 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 論文集 Vol.52 No.2

A valid speech-sound block can be classified to provide important information for speech recognition. The classification of the speech-sound block comes from the MRA(Multi-Resolution Analysis) property of the DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) which is used to reduce the computational time for the pre-procession of speech recognition. The merging algorithm is proposed to extract valid speech-sounds upon consideration of its position and frequency range. The merging algorithm needs some numerical methods for an adaptive DWT implementation and shows an unvoiced/voiced classification and a denoising. Since the merging algorithm can decide the processing parameters only at the standpoint of voices and is independent of system noises, it is more useful to extract valid speech-sounds. The merging algorithm has the adaptive feature for arbitrary system noises and an excellent denoising SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio).

Wharton씨 도관내에 발생한 타석증에 관한 증례보고

이경옥,이광희,김대업 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

Sialolithiasis is the formation of calcific concretions within the ductal system of major or minor salivary glands. The exact nature of sialolith evolution is not known. It may occur at any age but, it is most common in middle-aged adult and rare in childhood. In this paper, a case of sialolithiasis just beneath the mucosa in the anterior portion of the Wharton's duct observed in a 5-year old boy. It was approximately 2.5 ×5 mm in size and has no clinical symptoms. Under local anesthesia, it was removed by dilatation of orifice of the duct and pressure on the floor of oral cavity by finger.

멀티미디어 데이터 전송 시 강건한 오류 내성 기법을 적용한 오류 은닉

김진옥,황대준 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.53 No.2

In network delivery of compressed video, packets may be lost if the channel is unreliable. Such losses tend to occur in burst. In this paper, a temporal and spatial error resilient video encoding approach is developed to facilitate the error concealment at the decoder against burst errors. Block interleaving scheme is introduced to isolate erroneous blocks caused by packet losses for spatial area of error concealment. Data hiding is applied to add protection parity bits for motion vectors between intra frames or continuous inter frames for temporal area of error concealment. Since bidirection interpolation for error concealment is adapted to error blocks at decoder, error occurred during the transmission are concealed fast and properly. In this study, data hiding is used to reduce a complexity of error concealment at the decoder. A set of feature are extracted at the encoder and embedded imperceptibly into the host media. If some part of the media data is damaged during transmission, the embedded features can be extracted and used for recovery of lost data. Experimental results suggest that our approach can achieve a reasonable quality for packet loss up to 30% over a wide range of video materials.

Oxametallaborane 및 Metallacarborane과 Phenyl Carbene 반응에 대한 반응성과 반응메카니즘

성대동,이용희,심경옥 동아대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.1

거대고리 뭉치 붕소화합물 중 산소원자를 포함하는 oxametallaborane과 탄소원자를 포함하는 metallacaborane을 이용하여 새로운 metallacarborane을 합성할 수 있는 방법을 알아보고 [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H10]과 [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H12]를 합성한 후 이들에 phenyl diazomethane을 반응시켰다. [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H10]과 phenyl diazomethane의 반응생성물은 예상과는 달리 cis-및 trans-stilbene과 trans, trans-benzaldehyde azine이었다. 카르벤의 이량화 반응은 [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H10]의 촉매 작용에 의해 촉진 되었다. Oxametallaborane의 Pt-원자에 있는 d-오비탈이 카르벤의 삼중항 상태의 T1과 T2전자상태를 안정화 시켰다. [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H12]와 phenyl diazomethane의 반응생성 oxametallaborane의 결과와 유사하였고 동시에 미량의 C-카르벤 삽입 반응생성물이 생성되었다. Metallacaborane의 탄소 원자궤도함수인 SOMO와 phenyl diazomethane의 LUMO가 반응하여 분자궤도함수 에너지를 낮추는데 기여하였다. The reaction mechanism and a new synthetic method using oxametallaborane and metallacarborane compounds are investigated. [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H10] and [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtCB8H12] are synthesized then, reacted with phenyl diazomethane to find out a new synthetic method corresponding to the metallacarborane cage compound. Unexpectedly cis- and trans-stilbene and trans, trans-benzaldehyde azine are produced from the reaction of [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H10] with phenyl diazomethane. [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H10] is operated as a kind of catalyst to yield dimerization product of carbene. The d-orbital in Pt-atom of oxametallaborane stabilizes the two triplet states of carbene, T1 and T2. A similar reaction products are produced from the reaction of [9,9-(PMe2Ph)2-arachno-9,6-PtOB8H12] with phenyl diazomethane and a trace amount of a new product is also produced such as C-carbene insertion reaction product simultaneously. The molecular orbital energy is lowered by the SOMO energy of metallacarborane and the LUMO energy of phenyl carbene.

농부가 아닌 환자에서 발생한 긴털가루진드기(Tyrophagus Putrescentiae)에 의한 기관지천식 1례

최대로,김형수,고창옥,김희선,윤호성,박용범,김상훈,이재영 대한천식 및 알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.1

Storage mites are believed one of the most important allergens in farmers and rural regions. Tyrophagus putrescenitiae, belonging to storage mites, is found not only within storehouses but also in the house dust, and the third most common mites following Dematophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssnus in house dust in Korea. The sensitization rate to Trophagus putrescentiae was reported as high as that of house dust mite in patients visiting the allergy clinic in large cities in Korea. We experienced a 69-year-old man who had suffered from dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing for 10 years. He retired from the teaching profession, and had lived in a large city. Deajeon. The skin prick test showed a positive reaction to Tyrophagus putrescentiae and negative reactions to house dust mites. The bronchial challenge test with Tyrophagus putrescentiae showed late asthmatic reaction. We confirmed a Tyrophagus putrescentiae induced asthma in non occupational setting. (J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 24 : 141-5, 2004)

신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

학습장애에 대한 예비보육교사의 인식

강대옥,박재국 한국특수아동학회 2002 특수아동교육연구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 학습장애에 대한 개념 및 처치 등에 대한 현실적 문제점에 주목하여 예비보육교사들이 인식하고 있는 학습장애에 대한 암묵적인 개념을 규명하고 이에 따른 조기 진단 및 조기 중재 프로그램을 마련하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. J시에 위치하고 있는 J대학 보육교사교육원, 유아교육과, 보육상담전공에 재학 중인 예비보육교육사 165명을 대상으로 학습장애의 정의와 특성, 학습장애아 지도시 애로사항과 우선 지도사항 등에 대한 인식을 설문지법을 이용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 주된 결론을 얻었다. 1. 예비보육교사의 학습장애에 대한 개념 인식은 학습부진 또는 정신지체와 혼동되는 불명확한 것으로써 명확한 개념 기준이 제공될 필요성을 시사하는 것이었다. 2. 예비보육교사는 학습장애에 대하여 유아교육기관의 교사나 부모에 의하여 조기에 발견될 수 있는 것으로 인식하고 있다. 이 결과에 따라 이들 대상에 의한 조기 발견이 가능할 수 있는 지원체제 및 교육 제공에 대하여 고찰했다. 3. 예비보육교사는 학습장애아동을 위한 지도에 있어서 교사 대 아동 간 신뢰관계를 전제로 하면서 주의집중과 정서적 안정을 유도할 수 있는 흥미 중심의 내용이어야 한다고 인식하고 있다. 이 결과는 이러한 인식을 토대로 구성된 지도 프로그램의 개발과 그 효율성을 검토할 수 있는 후속 연구의 필요성을 시사하는 것이었다. We can classify, diagnose, and interfere the target group with learning disability through explicit conceptualization. But we have used the concept about learning disability indistinctly. Thus the purposes of this study are to survey the implicit perceiving of pre-educare teachers about learning disability and to offer basic material for the explicit conceptualization and the teaching strategy about the learning disabled in the field. The data of this study were obtained 165 pre-educare teachers. The conclusions obtained from the results and discussions of this research from the results and discussions of this research are as follows: 1. Pre-educare teachers defined learning disabled to be low children in academic, attentional, and understanding aspect, and they thought the learning disabled have attention deficit, low academic performance speed, low motive about learning, and language expression problem. 2. Pre-educare teachers pointed language and mathematics as the most difficult subject to the learning disabled. 3. Pre-educare teacher perceived the cause of learning disability was environmental and genetic factor and the methods to discover the learning disabled were observation, test, diagnose, and interview. 4. Pre-educare teachers perceived parents and teachers could find the learning disabled first of all, and the rate of appearance of learning disability was 5% below. 5. Pre-educare teacher perceived learning disability was or wasn't related to IQ, and they pointed autistic disorder and mental retarded as similar types with learning disability. 6. Pre-educare teacher perceived learning disability was different from mental retarded in native ability deficit, and slow learner in environmental poor performance. 7. Pre-educare teachers perceived it was difficult to make the learning disabled pay attention to learning, to endure for the learning disabled, and to repeat guidance continually. And they perceived we need to connect relation between children and teacher through teacher's concern and truth. Also they perceived it was important to keep mental health and interest about learning for emotional security.