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모유 수유아와 조제 분유 영양아에서 수유 방법에 따른 아미노산 농도 비교 및 혈청 트립토판 농도와 수면 유도와의 관계
정다운,김은영,양은석,박상기,박영봉,문경래 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2
Objective: Sleep behavior is modulated by serotonergic neurons within the brain, and the synthesis and release of serotonin by such neurons is thought to be influenced by the availability of tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin. Formula-feeding infants have depressed plasma tryptophan concentration relative to breast milk-feeding infants. Because tryptophan alters sleep waking patterns in adults, a study was designed to determine the difference of sleep latency relative to differences in plasma tryptophan and tryptophan : large neutral amino acid (LNAA) ratio between formula-feeding infants and breast milk-feeding infants. Method: 45 newborns who were born in Chosun University Hospital from December 2002 to December 2003 were selected. The newborns were divided to three group, 15 newborns were fed breast milk and 15 newborns were fed formula A, and last 15 newborns were fed formula B. At 6 weeks and 12 weeks, infants were sampled for measuring of serum amino acid level and tryptophan, tryptophan : LNAA ratio. And we taught infants' parents to measure sleep latency that means the time after a feeding to the first episode of active REM sleep that persist ≥ 1 min. Result: 1) At 6weeks, Serum α-amino-n-butyric acid, citrulline, tryptophan level was higher in formula A group than breastmilk group (P<0.05) and proline level was lower than breast milk group (P<0.05). In formula B group, serum n-amino-n-buryric acid, citrulline, cystine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, taurine, threonine, valine levels were higher than breastmilk group (P<0.05). And Serum isoleucine, methionine, proline, valine level were higher in formula B group than formula A group (P<0.05). 2) At 12 weeks, serum glutamic acid, methionine, ornithine levels were higher in formula group A than breast milk group (P<0.05). Serum β-alanine, aspartic acid, α-amino-n-butyric acid, ethanolamine, glutamic acid, threonine level were higher in formula B group than breast milk group (P<0.05). Serum β-alanine, ethanolamine levels were higher and arginine level was lower in formula B group than formula A (P<0.05). 3) At 6 weeks, serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan: LNAA ratio were higher in formula A group (P<0.05). Sleep latency was 21 minutes in formula group A, 24 minutes in breast milk group, 25 minutes in formula B group but there was no statistically significance (P>0.05). 4) At 12 weeks, serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan: LNAA ratio, time after feeding to the first episode of active REM sleep were no difference with each other group. Conclusion: There is significant difference of serum amino acids between breast-feeding infants and formula-feeding infants. And serum tryptophan and tryptophan: LNAA ratio differ between brest-feeding infants and formula-feeding infants. But there is no association between serum tryptophan, tryptophan: LNM ratio and sleep latency.
Coagulant와 Hydro-cyclone을 결합한 상향류식 여과시스템
김명호,고대현,정다래,이준호 한국교통대학교 2021 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.56 No.-
Coagulation Hydro-cyclone can be added to the upward flow filtration system utilizing Fiber-Ball filter media to analyze and evaluate the treatment characteristics in order to Non-point pollution, which is a pollution problem, more efficiently. Hydro-cyclone was added to the existing Filter column to create an Up-Flow Filtration system. The treatment efficiency according to the operating conditions such as turbidity, suspended solids, pH, inflow flow rate, and head loss was analyzed. Comparison of inflow water and runoff water suspended solids and turbidity analysis results showed a minimum treatment efficiency of 93.21% and a maximum treatment efficiency of 99% or more. It was analyzed that the SS and turbidity analysis results showed a treatment efficiency of 80% or more before and after backwashing twice. When Coagulation Hydro-cyclone was added compared to the existing filtration system, it was analyzed that particles that had not been treated as an adsorption fiber company filter medium between particles could be treated.
Da-Young Kim,Da-In Kim,Yeung-Jin Seo,Soon-Kun Choi,Kwon-Rae Kim,Kye-Hoon Kim,Oh-Kyung Kwon,Won-Il Kim 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
This study was conducted to identify transition characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s and to assess dietary risk in the Angelica gigas and Cnidium officinale grown at the major medicinal plant producing districts in Korea. Average bio-concentration factor (BCF) values and range were 0.056 (0.006-0.511) in arsenic (As), 2.030 (0.021-15.678) in cadmium (Cd), 0.179 (0.052-0.393) in mercury (Hg), and 0.061 (0.013-0.474) in lead (Pb) in Angelica gigas. Average BCF values and range were 0.044 (0.011-0.264) in As, 0.557 (0.052-4.255) in Cd, 0.174 (0.069-0.286) in Hg, and 0.024 (0.012-0.057) in Pb in Cnidium officinale. The BCF values by heavy metal(loid)s in Angelica gigas and Cnidium officinale were high in Cd, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), while As and Pb were found to be less transferable. The BCF values calculated in this study will be useful for predicting the uptake of heavy metal(loid)s. Human exposure to As, Cd, Hg, and Pb through dietary intake of Angelica gigas and Cnidium officinale might not cause adverse health effects although some Angelica gigas were higher than the allowable value for Cd. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of Cd by Angelica gigas is required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.
Da Rae Lee,SeungMi Lee,Se Jin Lee 대한산부인과학회 2023 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.66 No.6
A vanishing twin (VT) is the early demise of a twin fetus. It is estimated to occur in 20-30% of pregnancies associated with assisted reproductive technology. VT becomes increasingly prominent when assisted fertilization is used, because one or more embryos are transferred to the uterus. Maternal serum screening tests during pregnancy can screen for trisomy chromosomes 21, 18, and 13 and are divided into first- and second-trimester tests. In singleton pregnancies, the first trimester screening test is performed at 11-13 weeks and 6 days of gestation. It consists of two serum markers, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and measures nuchal translucency thickness. The second-trimester screening test was performed at 15-20 weeks and 6 days of gestation. It consists of four serum markers: alpha-fetoprotein, β-hCG, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A. More effective screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies is achieved by analyzing cell-free DNA in the maternal blood. A VT includes a demise of the fetus. Although it affects maternal serum markers, it has not been corrected. Five studies examined the effect of VT on maternal serum markers, but the results were controversial. This study aimed to review the patterns of changes in maternal serum markers in VTs, interpret prenatal tests for pregnant women with VTs in clinical practice, and consider what information should be provided.
( Da Rae Kim ),( Young Eun Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Ha Na Park ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Jun Yong Park ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Entecavir (ETV) and adefovir (ADV) combination can be used as a rescue therapy for patients who had failed nucleos(t)ide analogues where tenofovir has not been introduced. We evaluated the efficacy of ETV and ADV combination therapy in patients who had failed to previous nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA). Methods: This study included consecutive 66 compensated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who have failed to previous NAs. All patients received ETV and ADV combination therapy for at least 6 months. While all of the patients had experienced lamivudine (LAM), 48 (72.7%) had experienced ADV and 53 (80.3%) had been treated with ETV. Genetic resistance to LAM, ADV, and ETV at baseline were detected in 65 (98.5%), 12 (18.2%), and 36 (54.5%), respectively. Results: Median HBV DNA level was 5.63 (1.86~8.23) log IU/mL and fifty nine patients had HBeAg positivity. During a median of 15 (6-38) months of ETV and ADV combination therapy, virological response (VR, < 60 IU/mL by PCR assay) was achieved in 18 of 66 (27.3%) patients. Cumulative VR rates were 21.5%, 28.4%, 36.6% and 36.6% at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. When we investigated predictors for VR, baseline ADV resistance along with low baseline ALT level (p=0.027) were significantly associated with decreased VR from multivariate analysis. Conclusions: ETV and ADV combination rescue therapy showed limited efficacy for CHB patients who had failed to previous NAs, however, it can be considered as a rescue therapy in patients who do not have resistance to ADV and high baseline ALT level.