저체중 출생이 학동기 및 청소년기 소아 천식의 중증도에 미치는 영향에 대한 고찰

정훈 ( Hoon Jeung ),김형대 ( Heung Dae Kim ),이윤진 ( Yun Jin Lee ),이균우 ( Kyun Woo Lee ) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2006 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구는 저출생 체중아로 출생한 소아에 있어서 학동기 및 청소년기 소아 천식의 중증도에 미치는 영향에 관해서 후향적으로 검토하였다. 방 법 : 대동병원 소아과와 호흡기내과에 통원 중에 있거나 부산 동래구 및 연제구 소재 개인의원에서 대동병원으로 전원 된 천식 환자 중에서 8세 이상 18세 이하의 소아 및 청소년을 대상으로 출생체중을 기준으로 1,500 g 이상 2,500 g 미만인 15명을 추출하여 연구군으로 하고 출생체중 2,500 g 이상이며 연구군의 나이에 일치하는 순서대로 2명씩 추출하여 이 30명을 대조군으로 하였다. 결 과 : 양군을 비교한 결과 천식 중증도는 연구군에서 유의하게 높았다.(P=0.015) 또 흡입 스테로이드 약의 사용 빈도(증례군 13명/15명, 대조군 4명/30명 : P=0.0001)와 사용 기간에 있어서도 연구군에서 유의하게 높게 나왔다.(P= 0.009) 혈중 총 IgE치와 아토피피부염의 유병률은 대조군에서 높았다.(각각 P=0.007, P=0.0001) 폐기능 검사와 PC(20), 특이 IgE 항체는 두 군 사이에 유의한 결과를 볼 수가 없었다.(P>0.05) 결 론 : 천식의 중증도와 흡입 스테로이드 사용의 빈도와 기간 등으로 미루어 볼 때 저출생 체중은 소아 천식의 중증도를 증가시키는 요인 일 수 있음을 시사한다. Purpose : Over the past several decades, the survival rates of low birth weight(LBW; birth weight <2,500 g) infants have been improving. Many of these infants have had bronchial asthma(BA) at childhood and aldolescence. The aim of this study is to investigate whether LBW influenced the severity of BA in prealdolescent children and aldolescence by a retrospective case control study. Methods : 15 LBW children(1,500 g<birth weight<2,500 g) between 8 year-old and 18 year-old with BA visiting Dae-dong hospital as the case group were compared with 2 BA children to each case as the control group(total 30 children) on the basis of following criteria : the same age, he/she attended Dae-Dong hospital or local medical center after 8 years old, birth weight was more than 2,500 g. Asthma severity was modified from 2003 Guideline for management of childhood asthma at The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease. PFT(Pulmonary function test) were measured using a portable spirometer. The value are expressed as percentage predicted using standard reference values. Total IgE and specific IgE Ab. were assessed by the PRIST method and MAST Allergy Test. Methacholine challenge test and PC20 was assessed by the Masterlab. Results : LBW group had : a significantly more severe symptoms between 8 year-old and 18 year-old than control group.(P=0.015) A significantly more used to ICSs(Inhaled corticosteroids) and add-on therapy than control group.(P=0.009)(P=0.0001) There were no significant differences in the PFT and PC(20) and specific IgE Ab. between LBW group and control group. But, total IgE level is higher in the control group than in the LBW group. Conclusion : These results suggest that LBW is a risk factor for the severity of BA. We suggest that infants with birth weight of less than 2,500 g have a more severe risk of asthma during prealdolescent children and aldolescence than who were birth weight of more than 2,500 g. [Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis(Korea) 2006;16:38-46]

Unity 3D Engine을 이용한 3D FPS 게임

박대호, 박동원, 안성옥, 김수균, 이현우 배재대학교 공학연구소 2012 공학논문집 Vol.14 No.1

Emerging and one complete game engine, Unity 3D Engine by the FPS genre of games were produced. Unity 3D Engine to provide several features in the production of the game, basically, terrain making, Unity 3D Engine from collision, particle effects and AI of the enemies is set to create a game using only one genre FPS not be enough to be an element of fun to think that the basic framework of the FPS genre adventure genre of games by adding the elements of the game more fun.

위선암에서 p53과 P-glycoprotein의 분포에 관한 연구

김대중,김의한,강상균,양승하,민병철 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.1

Gastric adenocarcinoma express many oncogenes, such as p53, c-erbB, k-sam, etc. The p53 especially acts as tumor suppressor in normal tissue and various mutational changes. of p53 are known as doing important role in carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. P-glycoprotein, as a pleotrophic membrane transport protein, shows specific distribution in many normal tissues and malignant tumors. This protein, produced by MDR gene, shows multidrug resistance to anticancer drug by pumping out intracellular drug. resulting in resistance to chemotherapeutics. The expression of p53 and P-glycoprotein according to clincopathologic findings in gastric adenocarcinoma has been studied, even though their results are controversial. To observe the relationship between both antigens and clinicopathologic findings of gastric adenocarcinoma. we were analysesed 40 cases gastric adenocarcinoma then processed for immunohistochemical stain by SLAB method using p53 and JSB-1 monoclonal antibodies. The results were as followings: 1) The p53 and P-glycoprotein showed positive in 20 cases(50%) and 21 cases(52.5%) of 40 cases respectively, and 10 cases(25%) showed positive reaction to both antigens. 2) p53 revealed higher positive rate in intestinal type(54.6%), differentiated form(57.1%), advanced form(58.1%) compared to diffuse type(28.6%), poorly differentiated form(42.1%), early cancer(22.2%), but no difference according to age, sex, lymphatic metastasis and signet ring cell within tumor. 3) P-glycoprotein revealed higher positive rate in interstinal type(54.6%), differentiated form(61.9%), advanced form(58.1%), absence of signet ring cell (63.3%) compared to diffuse type (28.6%), poorly differentiated form (36.8%), early cancer(33.3%), presence of signet ring cell(20.0%), but no difference according to sex, age, lymphatic metastasis. 4) Positive rate in intestinal type, differentiated form, advanced form, and presence of signet ring cells in gastric adenocarcinoma showing both positive reaction of p53 and P-glycoprotein, are higher, but no difference according to age, sex, lymphatic metastasis. 5) In noneoplastic mucosa adjacent to cancer, p53 revealed negative reaction in all cases. P-glycoprotein showed positive reaction in all metaplastic glands 33 cases and parietal cells 17 cases, and in 16 cases(40%) of 40 cases of luminal surface and gastric glandular epthelium, and showed negative reaction in all 12 cases of chief cell. Above results revealed that positive rates of p53 and P-glycoprotein in gastric adenocarcinoma are almost same and there is no relationships between both antigens. Both antigens showed simillar high positive rate in intestinal type, differentiated form and advanced form, indicating association with these clinicopathologic findings.

위선암에서 p53, c-erbB-2, 그리고 DNA ploidy의 상관관계에 관한 연구

강상균,양승하,김대중,김의한,곽현수 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Gastric carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in korea and many oncogenes have found in gastric carcinoma. The relation between the expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 and the prognosis of patient in gastric adenocarcinoma have studied recently, but it is controversy. To evaluate correlation between the pathologic findings including prognostic factors and the expression of p53 and c-erbB-2, and DNA ploidy, we have performed immunohistochemical staining using 83 cases adenocarcinoma and flow cytometry with 56 cases. The results were as follows; 1) The expression rate of p53 was 45.8% in gastric adenocarcinoma. Differentiated, intestinal, advanced, and lymph node metastatic cases showed higher expression rates than poorly differentiated, diffuse, and non-metastatic cases, without statistically significance. 2) The expression rate of c-erbB-2 was 62.6% in gastric adenocainoma. c-erbB-2 was related to differentiated and intestinal types. Advanced and metastatic cases showed higher expression rates of c-erbB-2 than early and non-metastatic cases, but there was not statistic significance 3) Gastric adenocarcinoma showed correlation of DNA diploidy with poorly differentiated type and aneuploidy with differentiated. 4) DNA diploidy and aneuploidy showed correlation with c-erbB-2 negative and postive cases respectively, but correlation between DNA ploidy with p53 expression was not proved. Above results showed that p53 and c-erbB-2 may be related poor prognosis but there was no statistic significance. DNA aneuploidy and diploidy showed correlation with c-erbB-2 expressed and non-expressed cases, respectively, but not with p53 expression.

초등학교 조기 취학 정책에 관한 연구

이대균 培材大學校 1997 培材論叢 Vol.2 No.-

On May 31 of 1995 the Education Reform Deliberation Commission(ERDC) announced a reform scheme about the early enterance of primary school on five years old children. Therefore, on December 29 of 1995 the law of education was reformmed, on Faberary 22 of 1996 the enforcement ordinance of the law of education was reformed, and then five years old children start to enter the primary school from on March 1 of 1996. "The early enterance of primary school on five years old children" develop heated controversy discussion. In spite of strong opposition of the primary school world as well as of the early chlidhood education world, this reform scheme carry out. It has been raised the need of re-examine a problem that generated from the process of the system. The purpose of the present study is to provide the information for the early enterance policy with an analysis of the decision process(the policy) of the early enterance of primary school on five years old children, the situation of 1996 and 1997 of the early enterance of primary school on five years old children. The study problems were as follows; 1. What's the process of the policy dicision for the early enterance of primary school on five years old children? 2. What's the situation of the early enterance of primary school on five years old children? 3. What's the problems of the policy on the early enterance of primary school on five years old children. The results attained from the study were as follow; 1. the process of the policy dicision; 1) On May 31 of 1995 the Education Reform Committee(ERC) announce a reform scheme 2) On June 8 of 1995 the Korean Society for Early Childhood Education declare to be against the policy 3) On August 31 of 1995 in the public forum held by the Korean Educational Development Institute(KEDI) and the Ministry of Education, the dominant opinion was that against the policy. 4) On September 14 of 1995 the Ministry of Education gave an advance announce the law-making of the early enterance of primary school on five years old children, and for that 11 party declare to be against the policy. 5) On December 20 of 1995 the Ministry of Education made public announce a reform scheme. 6) On February 22 of 1996 the enforcement ordinance was reformed. 7) On March 1 of 1996 Five years old children entered the primary school. 2. the situation of the early enterance of primary school on five years old children; 1) On March 30 of 1996, 5,661 five year old children entered in 2,000 primary school. 2) On April 30 of 1997, 5,789 five year old children entered in 2,388 primary school. 3. The summary of the problems of the policy on the early enterance of primary school on five years are as follow; 1) Without the previous research, the policy on the early enterance of primary school on five years executed. 2) It might be a ploblem that the possibility take an examination in the screening process. 3) It has been enlarged the range of applicant. 4) There are insufficient researches on the policy on the early enterance of primary school on five years. 4. The reform measures are as follow; 1) It need to reserve the policy until the results of the researches show the effectiveness of the early enterance. 2) It need to insert a provisions that restrict the screening exam. 3) To educate the parent about the policy, the parent education programs are needed. 4) The researches on the policy need to be activated giving information to the parent and to the person in charge of the policy.

지식가능조직 준비도 측정도구 개발에 관한 연구 : 지식관점에서 조직을 바라보기 seeing the organization from a knowledge perspective

김대건 忠南大學校 地域開發硏究所 2004 地域開發論叢 Vol.16 No.-

매듭풀(Kummerowia striata)의 뿌리혹으로부터 공생균주의 분리 및 특성 조사

민대규,고상균 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學 Vol.9 No.2

경상북도 김천에 서식하는 매듭풀(kummerowia striata)의 뿌리혹으로부터 12균주의 공생세균을 분리하여 이들의 특성을 조사하였다. 매듭풀의 뿌리혹은 한정형 (determinate)의 뿌리혹을 지녔으며, 공생세균은 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110와 유사하게 그람음성이며 운동성을 지닌 생장속도가 느린 Bradyrhizobium sp. 이었다. glycerol과 mannitol은 분리 균주 모두 이용할 수 있었으나 cellobiose와 trehalose등은 이용하지 못하였다. 또한 arginine 포함한 여러종류의 아미노산은 이용할수 있었으나, alanine과 glycine은 이용하지 못하였다. 분리된 공생균주는 원 숙주식물인 매듭풀뿐 만 아니라 둥근잎매듭풀(K. stipulacea)에도 뿌리 혹을 형성할 수 있었으나, 차풀을 포함한 조사된 다른 식물에는 뿌리혹을 형성하지 못하였다. Twelve microsymbionts were isolated from root nodules of Kummerwia striata, which is a member of the subfamily Papilionoideae, growing in Kimcheon, and characterized on the basis of their colony morphologies, physiological tests, and host ranges for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. all the isolates were similar with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 in phenotypoic characteristics. They were classified into Bradyrhizobium sp.(Kummerwia) based on its slow growth on YMA, and physiological characteristics. They were able to nodulate effectively and fix nitrogen with K.stipulacea as well as K.striata.

RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)법을 이용한 한약재의 판별 연구

김대원,김도균,안선경,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Conventionally, identification and classification methods of natural products include the morphological survey and assay of chemical disposition. Using these methods, however, is not satisfying for the precise identification of natural products because they are often variable in the compositions, genomic DNA analysis such as RAPD, RFLP and Amp-FLP can be adopted for this purpose. In this study, various ginsengs and bear gall bladder were tested for the development of genetic identification and classification method. Varieties of ginsengs such as, P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium, P. japonicus and P. notohinseng, were genetically analyzed by RAPD. Also, DNA isolated form Bear blood and gall bladder, Ursus thibetanus, Ursus americanus and Ursus arctors, were analyzed by the same method. The results demonstrated that the identification and classification of bear gall bladder and various ginsengs were possible by RAPD analysis. Therefore, this method was thought to be used as a additional method for the identification of other natural products.

敗醬草가 癌細胞柱에 미치는 影響

申大澈,權貞南,金瑩均,韓宗鉉,김재석,김재섭 동의대학교 한의학연구소 1997 동의한의연구 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of water extract of Patriniae Herba on the poliferation of human cancer cell-lines. The effects of Patriniae Herba on the poliferation of A43l, HeLa, MOLT-4, K562 cells, Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse thymocytes, splenocytes and human lymphocytes were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay, The results were as follows; 1. Patriniae Herbs did not effect A43l, HeLa, MOLT-4, K562 cells. 2. The cytotoxicity of mitomycin C on MOLT-4 cells was increased by the combination of Patriniae Herba. 3. Patriniae Herba inhibited the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. 4. Patriniae Herba stimulated the proliferation of thymocytes. 5. Patriniae Herba stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes. 6. Patriniae Herba stimulated the proliferation of human lymphocytes.

유아기 부모의 양육태도 및 유치원 교육경험이 청소년기 비행에 미치는 영향

이대균 培材大學校 1996 培材論叢 Vol.1 No.-

This study examined the effects of parental attitude about child-rearing and kindergarten education experience on juvenile deliquency. 229 high school boys and 157 boys in the juvenile detention homes completed the questionnaire designed to obtain information of the parents' child-rearing attitude, the kindergarten education experience and the rate of deliquency. Major findings were: (1) the juvenile exprienced affective child-rearing attitude were less likely to commit a crime of thief and misdeeds of adolescents than the juvenile experienced rejected child-rearing attitude; (2) the juvenile experienced autonomous child-rearing attitude were less likely to commit a crime of violence of the adolencents than the juvenile experienced restrictive child-rearing attitude; (3) the juvenile whose fathers' present were less likely to commit a crime of violence, misdeeds and run away from home than the juvenile whose fathers' death; (4) the juvenile whose mothers' present were less likely to commit a crime of violence and misdeeds than the juvenile whose mothers' death. (5) the juvenile who had kindergarten education were less likely to commit a crime of violence, thief, sexual crime, run away from home and misdeeds than the juvenile who did not have kindergarten education.