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Fertility of Holstein Cows in Chengdu, China
Zi, X.D.,Ma, L.,Zhou, G.Q.,Chen, C.L.,Wei, G.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.2
Data on the use of breeding records of dairy cattle farm of Fenghuang-shan in Chengdu areas during a period of six years is systematically analyzed. The results show that Holstein heifers have their 1st estrus at an average age of $513.6{\pm}46.7$ d which is not related to the calving season. Estrus mostly occurs in the months with mild ambient temperature (March, April, May, November and December). There is a very poor rate of estrus detection; only 30.0% successive estrus is observed within 24 d, 29.3% within 25-48 d, 40.6% over 48 d. The average number of insemination per conception is 1.50 for heifers and 1.74 for cows, but conception rate (CR) is lower in the relatively warm months (July, August and September) ranged from 48.1% to 51.9% compared with 58.1% to 68.5% in other months. High temperature is the most important factor affecting fertilization in warm months, but neither did CR decline immediately with the increased air temperature in June, nor did it increase immediately with the declined air temperature in September. Post partum anestrous period is $119.5{\pm}60.5$ d. The average interval from calving to conception is $159.4{\pm}85.6$ d with only 19.8% of the cows conceived within 85 d of calving. Cows with high milk yield have longer acyclic periods and lower conception rates. Improvement of efficient managements must be a precedent condition in Chengdu areas.
Shen, H.,Wang, J.,Jiang, D.,Xu, P.,Zhu, X.,Zhang, Y.,Yu, X.,Won, M. H.,Su, P. Q.,Yan, B. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.37 No.5
<P>Some anticonvulsant drugs are associated with cognitive ability in patients; Topiramate (TPM) is well known as an effective anticonvulsant agent applied in clinical settings. However, the effect of TPM on the cognitive function is rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to observe the effects of TPM on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the d-galactose-induced aging mice by Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. The study is divided into four groups including control, d-galactose-treated group, 25 and 50 mg/kg TPM-treated plus d-galactose-treated groups. We found, 50 mg/kg (not 25 mg/kg) TPM treatment significantly increased the numbers of Ki-67(+) cells and DCX immunoreactivity, and improved neuroblast injury induced by d-galactose treatment. In addition, we also found that decreased immunoreactivities and protein levels of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and catalase induced by d-galactose treatment were significantly recovered by 50 mg/kg TPM treatment in the mice hippocampal DG (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our present results indicate that TPM can ameliorate neuroblast damage and promote cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal DG via increasing SODs and catalase levels in the d-galactose mice.</P>
Generating Short-Pulse Laser by Using a Quenched Distributed Feedback Dye Laser
D. Q. Hoa,V. Duong,P. Long,T. H. Nhung,T. Imasaka 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6
The quenching effect of a distributed feedback dye laser is detail studied. In detail a simulation model of combined dye lasers relying on the rate equation system with both lasers having a common lasing medium is demonstrated. The calculation using this model for a dye material shows that single picosecond pulses are attained for a quenched distributed feedback laser (Q/DFDL) over a large lasing range of dye materials. The simulation results using pyrromethene 567 dye provided single pulses of 49 ps with high narrowband as could possibily be approached.
MODELING AND CONTROL STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FOR FUEL CELL HYBRID VEHICLES
Q. NING,D. XUAN,Y. KIM 한국자동차공학회 2010 International journal of automotive technology Vol.11 No.2
Using MATLAB/Simulink, we constructed a comprehensive simulation model for the fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV) power train in parallel with a power control strategy that uses a logic threshold approach implemented with a hybrid control unit (HCU). The simulation implements power flow and power distribution under different vehicle operating modes using the accelerator and decelerator pedal positions deduced from the driving schedule as primary inputs. The HCU control strategy also incorporates regenerative braking and recharging for recovery of battery capacity. Using the D-optimality method for selection of the optimal experiment values, three control threshold variables for the HCU are selected to maximize the hydrogen fuel economy under certain driving cycles. The proposed method provides the optimal configuration of the FCHV model, which has the capability of achieving the requested drive power while also meeting the vehicle driving schedule and recovery needs of the state of charge (SOC) battery, with lower fuel consumption levels.
Wang, D.,Piao, X.S.,Zeng, Z.K.,Lu, T.,Zhang, Q.,Li, P.F.,Xue, L.F.,Kim, S.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.12
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the in vitro ability of keratinase to hydrolyze soybean glycinin and ${\beta}$-conglycinin and to evaluate the in vivo effects of keratinase when included in corn-soybean diets with different levels of crude protein and fed to nursery pigs. In experiment 1, a saturated keratinase solution (1 ml) was added to two blank controls of either glycinin or ${\beta}$-conglycinin resulting in the hydrolysis of 94.74% glycinin and 88.89% ${\beta}$-conglycinin. In experiment 2, 190 pigs (8.3${\pm}$0.63 kg BW) were allotted to one of four treatments in a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement on the basis of body weight, and sex was balanced among the pens. The effects of crude protein (19 vs. 22%) and keratinase (0 vs. 0.05%) were studied. Each treatment was applied to six pens with seven (two pens) or eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 21 d. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved (p<0.05) with keratinase supplementation while feed intake was reduced (p<0.05). Keratinase supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein and phosphorus. Keratinase supplementation also increased n-butyric acid in the cecum and colon, lactobacilli and total anaerobe counts in the colon as well as the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum. Additionally, fecal score, ammonia nitrogen and branch chain volatile fatty acids in the colon, E. coli and total aerobe counts in the colon, crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum as well as serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) by keratinase supplementation. A reduction in dietary crude protein decreased (p<0.05) colon ammonia nitrogen concentration and cecal propionic acid and branch chain volatile fatty acid concentrations. In addition, cecal E. coli counts, colon total anaerobe counts, ileal crypt depth, and serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) with the reduction of dietary crude protein. With the exception of fecal scores, there were no significant interactions between crude protein and keratinase. This study provides evidence that dietary keratinase supplementation improved nursery pig performance by improving intestinal morphology and ecology, thus improving nutrient digestibility and alleviating the inflammatory response.
Inverse dominating set in fuzzy graphs
S. Ghobadi,N. D. Soner,Q. M. Mahyoub 장전수학회 2008 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.11 No.1
Let G be a graph with p vertices and let D be a minimum dominating set of G. If V −D contains a dominating set D' of G, then D' is called an inverse dominating set of G with respect to D. The inverse domination number γ(G) of G is the cardinality of a smallest inverse dominating set of G. This concept was introduced and studied by Kulli and Domke in [4] and [2] respectively. In this paper we introduce the concept of inverse dominating set in fuzzy graphs and obtain some bounds for the inverse domination number γ(G). Also we investigate the relationship of γ(G) with the other known parameters. Moreover, we also obtain Nordhaus- Gaddum type results for this parameter.