Antimicrobial resistance studies in staphylococci and streptococci isolated from cows with mastitis in Argentina

Elisa Crespi,Ana M. Pereyra,Tomás Puigdevall,María V. Rumi,María F. Testorelli,Nicolás Caggiano,Lucía Gulone,Marta Mollerach,Elida R. Gentilini,Mariela E. Srednik 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.6

Background: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are the main cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Argentina, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and environmental streptococci are the main cause of subclinical mastitis. Bacteria isolated from infected animals show increasing antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: This study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci and streptococci isolated from milk with mastitis, and to genotypically characterize the methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci. Methods: Isolation was performed on blood agar and identification was based on biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The antimicrobial resistance genes, SCCmec type and spa type were detected by the polymerase chain reaction method. Results: We isolated a total of 185 staphylococci and 28 streptococci from 148 milk samples. Among the staphylococcal isolates, 154 were identified as CNS and 31 as S. aureus. Among the 154 CNS, 24.6% (n = 38) were resistant to penicillin, 14.9% (n = 23) to erythromycin, 17.5% (n = 27) to clindamycin, 6.5% (n = 10) to cefoxitin and oxacillin. Among the S. aureus isolates, 16.1% (n = 5) were resistant to penicillin, 3.2% (n = 1) to cefoxitin and oxacillin (MRSA). Six MR isolates (5 CNS and 1 MRSA) were positive to the mecA gene, and presented the SCCmec IVa. The MRSA strain presented the sequence type 83 and the spa type 002. Among the 28 streptococcal isolates, 14.3% (n = 4) were resistant to penicillin, 10.7% (n = 3) to erythromycin and 14.3% (n = 4) to clindamycin. Conclusions: The present findings of this study indicate a development of antimicrobial resistance in main bacteria isolated from cows with mastitis in Argentina.

Drinking Patterns Among Korean Adults: Results of the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey

Ryu, So Yeon,Crespi, Catherine M.,Maxwell, Annette E. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2013 예방의학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Objectives: In Korea, the proportion of deaths due to alcohol is estimated at 8.9%, far exceeding the global estimate of 3.8%. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the factors associated with low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk drinking patterns in Korean adults and to identify target populations for prevention and control of alcohol-related diseases and deaths. Methods: We analyzed data from 230 715 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between socio-demographic and health-related factors and patterns of alcohol use. Results: A substantially larger proportion of men than women engaged in high risk (21.2% vs. 3.4%) and moderate-risk alcohol use (15.5% vs. 8.2%). In both sexes, moderate- and high-risk uses were associated with younger age, higher income, being currently employed, smoking, being overweight/obese, and good self-rated health. Conclusions: Given the large proportion of the population that is engaging in moderate- and high-risk drinking and given the social norms that support this behavior, public health policies and campaigns to reduce alcohol consumption targeting the entire population are indicated.

Drinking Patterns Among Korean Adults: Results of the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey

류소연,Catherine M. Crespi,Annette E. Maxwell 대한예방의학회 2013 예방의학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Objectives: In Korea, the proportion of deaths due to alcohol is estimated at 8.9%, far exceeding the global estimate of 3.8%. Therefore,this study was performed to examine the factors associated with low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk drinking patterns in Korean adults and to identify target populations for prevention and control of alcohol-related diseases and deaths. Methods: We analyzed data from 230 715 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between socio-demographic and health-related factors and patterns of alcohol use. Results: A substantially larger proportion of men than women engaged in high risk (21.2% vs. 3.4%) and moderate-risk alcohol use (15.5%vs. 8.2%). In both sexes, moderate- and high-risk uses were associated with younger age, higher income, being currently employed, smoking,being overweight/ obese, and good self-rated health. Conclusions: Given the large proportion of the population that is engaging in moderate- and high-risk drinking and given the social norms that support this behavior, public health policies and campaigns to reduce alcohol consumption targeting the entire population are indicated.

Emerging Zoonoses: the "One Health Approach"

Rabozzi, Giulia,Bonizzi, Luigi,Crespi, Eleonora,Somaruga, Chiara,Sokooti, Maryam,Tabibi, Ramin,Vellere, Francesca,Brambilla, Gabri,Colosio, Claudio Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2012 Safety and health at work Vol.3 No.1

Zoonoses represent a public health risk recently pointed out by the spreading of previously unknown human infectious diseases emerging from animal reservoirs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza caused by H5N1-virus. These outbreaks have shown that animal breeding activities can pose a significant public health risk. Until now, the risk of zoonoses has probably been underestimated, particularly in occupational settings. The emergence or re-emergence of bacterial (Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella spp) or viral (hepatitis E virus) infections shows that zoonoses should be considered as emerging risks in agricultural and animal breeding and should be addressed by specific preventive interventions. Close cooperation and interaction between veterinarians, occupational health physicians and public health operators is necessary, for a worldwide strategy to expand interdisciplinary collaborations and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals and the environment. This is what the One Health Approach was intended to be.

Coatings with green corrosion-responsive conjugates

Kanyarat Mantala,Treethip Phakkeeree,Daniel Crespy 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-

Hindering corrosion of metals is arguably one of the most important mission in thefield of sustainablechemistry. Indeed, it induces savings of resources and energy, as well as a reduction of environmentalpollution with toxic compounds resulting from corrosion products or chemicals currently used ascorrosion inhibitors. Herein, we prepare an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for long-termcorrosion protection by conjugating nicotinic acid and linalool, two natural plant products. Solvent-basedepoxy coatings containing the inhibitor conjugate show anticorrosion performance as demonstrated bypotentiodynamic polarization measurements in saline and acidic conditions. The success of this strategyrelies on the fact that the conjugate is more hydrophobic than nicotinic acid and linalool, so that leachingof the inhibitor in aqueous media is prevented.

Evaluating Energy Efficiency of ONUs Having Multiple Power Levels in TDM-PONs

Newaz, S. H. S.,Cuevas, A.,Gyu Myoung Lee,Crespi, N.,Jun Kyun Choi IEEE 2013 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS Vol.17 No.6

<P>A TDM Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) proposes the use of sleep modes for Optical Network Units (ONUs) to maximize Energy Efficiency (EE). When an ONU manages a sleep mode, it needs to turn on and off some of its components based on communication requirements. Hence, an ONU ends up with multiple power levels. Existing analytical models for evaluating EE consider that an ONU has only two power levels. However, we have found in some literature where an ONU can have more than two power levels. In this letter we propose an analytical model to quantify the EE of an ONU having more than two power levels. We demonstrate the accuracy of the model by means of simulation under two different sleep interval deciding algorithms.</P>

Wind loading on trees integrated with a building envelope

Aly, Aly Mousaad,Fossati, Fabio,Muggiasca, Sara,Argentini, Tommaso,Bitsuamlak, Girma,Franchi, Alberto,Longarini, Nicola,Crespi, Pietro,Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Techno-Press 2013 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.17 No.1

With the sustainability movement, vegetated building envelopes are gaining more popularity. This requires special wind effect investigations, both from sustainability and resiliency perspectives. The current paper focuses on wind load estimation on small- and full-scale trees used as part of green roofs and balconies. Small-scale wind load assessment was carried out using a wind tunnel testing in a global-effect study to understand the interference effects from surrounding structures. Full-scale trees were investigated at a large open-jet facility in a local-effect study to account for the wind-tree interaction. The effect of Reynolds number combined with shape change on the overall loads measured at the base of the trees (near the roots) has been investigated by testing at different model-scales and wind speeds. In addition, high-speed tests were conducted to examine the security of the trees in soil and to assess the effectiveness of a proposed structural mitigation system. Results of the current research show that at relatively high wind speeds the load coefficients tend to be reduced, limiting the wind loads on trees. No resonance or vortex shedding was visually observed.

Wind loading on trees integrated with a building envelope

Aly Mousaad ALY,Fabio Fossati,Tommaso Argentini,Girma Bitsuamlak,Alberto Franchi,Nicola Longarini,Pietro Crespi,Arindam Gan Chowdhury 한국풍공학회 2013 한국풍공학회지 Vol.17 No.1

With the sustainability movement, vegetated building envelopes are gaining more popularity. This requires special wind effect investigations, both from sustainability and resiliency perspectives. The current paper focuses on wind load estimation on small- and full-scale trees used as part of green roofs and balconies. Small-scale wind load assessment was carried out using a wind tunnel testing in a global-effect study to understand the interference effects from surrounding structures. Full-scale trees were investigated at a large open-jet facility in a local-effect study to account for the wind-tree interaction. The effect of Reynolds number combined with shape change on the overall loads measured at the base of the trees (near the roots) has been investigated by testing at different model-scales and wind speeds. In addition, high-speed tests were conducted to examine the security of the trees in soil and to assess the effectiveness of a proposed structural mitigation system. Results of the current research show that at relatively high wind speeds the load coefficients tend to be reduced, limiting the wind loads on trees. No resonance or vortex shedding was visually observed.

Proton Shell Evolution below Sn132 : First Measurement of Low-Lying β -Emitting Isomers in Ag123,125

Chen, Z. Q.,Li, Z. H.,Hua, H.,Watanabe, H.,Yuan, C. X.,Zhang, S. Q.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Benzoni, G.,Chae, K. Y.,Crespi, F. C. L.,Doornenbal, P.,Fukuda, N.,Gey, G.,Gernhä American Physical Society 2019 Physical Review Letters Vol.122 No.21