Parental Selection Strategies in Plant Breeding Programs

Antonio Costa de Oliveira,Ivandro Bertan,Fernando I. F. de Carvalho 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.4

Selection of the appropriate parents to be used in artificial crosses is one of the main decisions faced by plant breeders that will facilitate the exploitation of maximum genetic variability and production of superior recombinant genotypes. Several techniques have been used in aiding the identification of genotypes with promising and desirable agronomical traits for hybridization. In this way, the objective of the present review is to gather available information for the selection of parents based on different breeding designs and analytical tools showing their similarities and highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of their use. Selection of the appropriate parents to be used in artificial crosses is one of the main decisions faced by plant breeders that will facilitate the exploitation of maximum genetic variability and production of superior recombinant genotypes. Several techniques have been used in aiding the identification of genotypes with promising and desirable agronomical traits for hybridization. In this way, the objective of the present review is to gather available information for the selection of parents based on different breeding designs and analytical tools showing their similarities and highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of their use.

Rice Iron Metabolism: from Source to Solution

Antonio Costa de Oliveira,Lívia Scheunemann dos Santos 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2

Iron is an important micronutrient for plants. Iron metabolism is a complex mechanism under a delicate balance. Iron metabolism represents two major problems for plants: deficiency as a consequence of solubility problems and toxicity due to excess solubility in anaerobic conditions. In the last few years, new genes have been discovered that influence iron uptake, transport, and storage. Irrigated rice is exposed to high levels of FeII, normally rare in aerobic soil conditions. The implications of altering iron uptake rates and the effects of newly discovered genes are discussed Iron is an important micronutrient for plants. Iron metabolism is a complex mechanism under a delicate balance. Iron metabolism represents two major problems for plants: deficiency as a consequence of solubility problems and toxicity due to excess solubility in anaerobic conditions. In the last few years, new genes have been discovered that influence iron uptake, transport, and storage. Irrigated rice is exposed to high levels of FeII, normally rare in aerobic soil conditions. The implications of altering iron uptake rates and the effects of newly discovered genes are discussed

Genetic Distances Among Rice Mutant Genotypes Assessed by AFLP and Aluminum Tolerance - Related Traits

Antonio Costa de Oliveira 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2

Increasing genetic variability with mutagenic agents has been broadly employed in plant breeding because it has the potential to alter one or more desirable traits. In this study, a molecular analysis assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and a morphological analysis based on seedlings subjected to aluminum stress were compared. Also, an analysis of allelic frequencies was performed to observe unique alleles present in the pool. Genetic distances ranging from 0.448 to 0.953 were observed, suggesting that mutation inducing was effective in generating variability. The genetic distances based on morphological data ranged from 0 (genotypes 22 and 23) to 30.38 (genotypes 15 and 29). In the analysis of allelic frequency, 13 genotypes presented unique alleles, suggesting that mutation inducing was also targeting unique sites. Mutants with good performance under aluminum stress (9, 15, 18, and 27) did not form the same clusters when morphological and molecular analyses were compared, suggesting that different genomic regions may be responsible for their better performance. Increasing genetic variability with mutagenic agents has been broadly employed in plant breeding because it has the potential to alter one or more desirable traits. In this study, a molecular analysis assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and a morphological analysis based on seedlings subjected to aluminum stress were compared. Also, an analysis of allelic frequencies was performed to observe unique alleles present in the pool. Genetic distances ranging from 0.448 to 0.953 were observed, suggesting that mutation inducing was effective in generating variability. The genetic distances based on morphological data ranged from 0 (genotypes 22 and 23) to 30.38 (genotypes 15 and 29). In the analysis of allelic frequency, 13 genotypes presented unique alleles, suggesting that mutation inducing was also targeting unique sites. Mutants with good performance under aluminum stress (9, 15, 18, and 27) did not form the same clusters when morphological and molecular analyses were compared, suggesting that different genomic regions may be responsible for their better performance.

Importance of Heat Shock Proteins in Maize

Camila Pegoraro,Antonio Costa de Oliveira,Liliane Marcia Mertz,Luciano Carlos da Maia,Cesar Valmor Rombaldi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.2

Abiotic and biotic stress conditions cause extensive losses to maize production, mainly due to protein dysfunction in these conditions. In higher plants, the occurrence of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in response to different environmental stresses is a universal phenomenon and has been well documented. Many studies have demonstrated that most HSPs are involved in many regulatory pathways,act as molecular chaperones for other cell proteins, and have strong cytoprotective effects. Although many functional roles for HSPs are known, the mechanisms for these multiple functions are not entirely understood. Here we reviewed the correlation among HSP genes/proteins and plant tolerance, especially maize, in different environmental stresses. Due to the low availability of information regarding the expression of HSP genes in response to different stresses in maize, we decided to mine databases in order to generate new insights related to this topic.

AProposal for Aluminum Tolerance Selection in White Oat under Hydroponic Conditions

Maraisa Crestani,Antonio Costa de Oliveira,José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva,Elisane Weber Tessmann,Itamara Mezzalira,Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

White oat genotypes were subjected to Al stress in hydroponic conditions in order to verify the viability of methods based on minimum nutrient solution (MNS) in comparison to complete nutrient solution (CNS), commonly used in the characterization and selection for Al tolerance in this species. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with three replicates composed of 10 seedlings each. Six white oat genotypes subjected to different Al levels in minimum (0, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1) and complete (0, 10,20, and 30 mg L-1) solutions were evaluated. In this evaluation, the MNS was efficient in identifying aluminum-tolerant, white oat genotypes under hydroponics. The root growth resumption showed to be the most effective trait in the aluminum-tolerant plant selection. At concentrations equal to or higher than 3 mg Al L-1 in minimum and 10 mg Al L-1 in complete solution, severe damage caused by the toxic element on root development was verified. The white oat cultivars UFRGS 14, ALBASUL, and BARBARASUL showed aluminum tolerance in the tested conditions.

Insect Resistance and Horticultural Trait Genetic Values of Potato Families

Souza, Velci Queiroz de,Pereira, Arione da Silva,Silva, Giovani Olegario da,Carvalho, Fernando Iraja Felix de,Oliveira, Antonio Costa de The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.1

This work aimed to evaluate 11 potato families for insect resistance horticultural traits. The families were derived from crosses between introduced insect resistant and adapted genotypes. A randomized complete block design, with three replications was used. The plot consisted of 25 genotypes of a family, summing up to 75 genotypes tested per family. Two susceptible cultivars were included in the experiment as checks. The genotypes were evaluated for insect resistance, tuber yield traits, tuber appearance and tuber skin smoothness. The genetic value for the intensity of insect attack in the leaves and in the tubers was lower(higher resistance) in the 11 families than in the checks. For yield traits, there was no predominant effect among the families regarding the origin of the resistant donor species(Solanum berthaultii and/or S. chacoense). However, there was a large contribution of the C-1485-16-87 recurrent parent in crosses with resistant genotypes for tuber yield and tuber number. In relation to tuber appearance, only the family derived form the C-1485-16-87/ ND140(S. berthaultii) cross did not differ from the checks. had genetic value tuber skin smoothness, it was identified that families derived from S. berthaultii resistant parents showed higher genetic values than the check cultivars. For tuber skin smoothness, the genetic values of the families neither differed significantly from each other nor from the checks.

Rice Iron Metabolism: from Source to Solution

Santos, Livia Scheunemann dos,Oliveira, Antonio Costa de The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2

Iron is an important micronutrient for plants. Iron metabolism is a complex mechanism under a delicate balance. Iron metabolism represents two major problems for plants: deficiency as a consequence of solubility problems and toxicity due to excess solubility in anaerobic conditions. In the last few years, new genes have been discovered that influence iron uptake, transport and storage. Irrigated rice is exposed to high levels of $Fe^{II}$, normally rare in aerobic soil conditions. The implications of altering iron uptake rates and the effects of newly discovered genes are discussed.

Characterization of Open-Pollinated Maize Varieties from Rio Grande do Sul State

Lílian Moreira Barros,Daiane Prochnow,Victoria Freitas de Oliveira,Airton Rosa da Silva,Antonio Costa de Oliveira,Luciano Carlos da Maia 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

The morphological characterization allows one to estimate and evaluate the genetic distance among different varieties, identifying heterotrophic groups by means of clustering methods. The objectives of the study were to characterize improved open-pollinated varieties (VPAs) and maize landraces based on the main quantitative agronomic traits and to estimate the variability and similarity between them. Sixteen maize varieties from the southern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. For the characterization, the Tukey averages comparison test was performed. The similarity among the varieties was tested using the Tocher optimization method. The differences detected indicate the presence of genetic variability among the studied varieties. According to the Tocher grouping, it was found that some populations have the potential to be selected as parents in breeding programs, maximizing the variability obtained from their crosses. For certain traits, maize landraces do not differ from improved varieties and show high similarity.

Parental Selection Strategies in Plant Breeding Programs

Bertan, Ivandro,Carvalho, Fernando I. F. de,Oliveira, Antonio Costa de The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.4

Selection of the appropriate parents to be used in artificial crosses is one of the main decisions faced by plant breeders that will facilitate the exploitation of maximum genetic variability and production of superior recombinant genotypes. Several techniques have been used in aiding the identification of genotypes with promising and desirable agronomical traits for hybridization. In this way, the objective of the present review is to gather available information for the selection of parents based on different breeding designs and analytical tools showing their similarities and highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of their use.

A Proposal for Aluminum Tolerance Selection in White Oat under Hydroponic Conditions

Crestani, Maraisa,Da Silva, Jose Antonio Gonzalez,Tessmann, Elisane Weber,Mezzalira, Itamara,De Oliveira, Antonio Costa,De Carvalho, Fernando Iraja Felix 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1