O Brasileiro em Euclides, Vianna Moog e Meira Penna

André Corrêa Rollo 한국 포르투갈-브라질 학회 2008 포르투갈-브라질 연구 Vol.5 No.2

This article outlines how three important essayists attempt to describe the Brazilian character in their masterpieces. The first author, Euclides da Cunha(1866-1909), in Os Sertões(Rebellion in the Backlands), examined at full length the episode of the Canudos War(1893 -1897) fought by the Brazilian army against the sertanejo's(backland's inhabitant) settlementcommmanded by the messianic leader called Antônio Conselheiro. The book is divided into three parts concerning to the region where the war occurred: A Terra(The Land), O Homem(The Man) and A Luta(The War). In O Homem, Cunha investigates the origins of the considered "racially degenerated" inhabitants which defied the Republican power. The mestiço(half-breed person), according to the author, it would be the result of a struggle between "antagonistics tendences", being a "mentally unbalanced" person. In Bandeirantes e Pioneiros(Bandeirantes and Pioneers)(1954) Vianna Moog elects the figures of the two symbols of colonization in Brazil(bandeirantes) and in the USA(pioneers) as thestarting point to his comparative study of the social systems of the two countries. Bandeirantes were the explorers of the interiors of Brazil between sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The main question is why has the history of settlement and the character of development of Brazil differed so fundamentally from that of the United States, given the comparable size, landscape and resources of the two countries ? Wherein lay the difference among the people who became Brazilians and Americans? Through his comparisons the author develops the "mazombo theory". Mazombo were the Portuguese children born in Brazil. Mazombismo(still present in the early twentieth century according to the author) was the dislike of being Brazilian, the unwillingness in working hard, disbelief in moral improvement, eagerness in fast enrichment, the quasi-absence of community spirit and the act of put the blame for your own mistakes on other people. If in Euclides' time the upper class considered itself superior to the sertanejos, Vianna Moog show us that they also were atavistically "mentally unbalanced". In Em Berço Esplêndido(On a Splendid Cradle)(1999) searches the most refined analyses of the Brazilian character through an Jungian reading of the set of behaviours, preferences, values, myths, rites which are usually found among themembers of a determined national society. Using the notion of "collective unconscious", Meira Penna investigates through a vast amount of myths, legends, literary elementsand the writings of foreign and Brazilian authors in order to fulfill the collective analysis. In Chapter 3, The Erotic Society, the author documents the struggle existing in Brazilian society between Logos(reason) and Eros(feeling), being the latter one stronger. Brazilians would always be searching to be protected by the symbolic male figure of a Big Boss. The result of the absence of community spirit is the difficult of acting in an impersonal or impartial way. The Brazilian people suffer from puer aeternus(eternal child) complex, always wanting to take advantage of situations. In another point of view, taking Brazilians as homo ludens(playful) Meira Penna stresses the importance of harmonizing the "pleasant tropical leisures" with rationality(logos) as a key to the development of Brazil as a nation. This article outlines how three important essayists attempt to describe the Brazilian character in their masterpieces. The first author, Euclides da Cunha(1866-1909), in Os Sertões(Rebellion in the Backlands), examined at full length the episode of the Canudos War(1893 -1897) fought by the Brazilian army against the sertanejo's(backland's inhabitant) settlementcommmanded by the messianic leader called Antônio Conselheiro. The book is divided into three parts concerning to the region where the war occurred: A Terra(The Land), O Homem(The Man) and A Luta(The War). In O Homem, Cunha investigates the origins of the considered "racially degenerated" inhabitants which defied the Republican power. The mestiço(half-breed person), according to the author, it would be the result of a struggle between "antagonistics tendences", being a "mentally unbalanced" person. In Bandeirantes e Pioneiros(Bandeirantes and Pioneers)(1954) Vianna Moog elects the figures of the two symbols of colonization in Brazil(bandeirantes) and in the USA(pioneers) as thestarting point to his comparative study of the social systems of the two countries. Bandeirantes were the explorers of the interiors of Brazil between sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The main question is why has the history of settlement and the character of development of Brazil differed so fundamentally from that of the United States, given the comparable size, landscape and resources of the two countries ? Wherein lay the difference among the people who became Brazilians and Americans? Through his comparisons the author develops the "mazombo theory". Mazombo were the Portuguese children born in Brazil. Mazombismo(still present in the early twentieth century according to the author) was the dislike of being Brazilian, the unwillingness in working hard, disbelief in moral improvement, eagerness in fast enrichment, the quasi-absence of community spirit and the act of put the blame for your own mistakes on other people. If in Euclides' time the upper class considered itself superior to the sertanejos, Vianna Moog show us that they also were atavistically "mentally unbalanced". In Em Berço Esplêndido(On a Splendid Cradle)(1999) searches the most refined analyses of the Brazilian character through an Jungian reading of the set of behaviours, preferences, values, myths, rites which are usually found among themembers of a determined national society. Using the notion of "collective unconscious", Meira Penna investigates through a vast amount of myths, legends, literary elementsand the writings of foreign and Brazilian authors in order to fulfill the collective analysis. In Chapter 3, The Erotic Society, the author documents the struggle existing in Brazilian society between Logos(reason) and Eros(feeling), being the latter one stronger. Brazilians would always be searching to be protected by the symbolic male figure of a Big Boss. The result of the absence of community spirit is the difficult of acting in an impersonal or impartial way. The Brazilian people suffer from puer aeternus(eternal child) complex, always wanting to take advantage of situations. In another point of view, taking Brazilians as homo ludens(playful) Meira Penna stresses the importance of harmonizing the "pleasant tropical leisures" with rationality(logos) as a key to the development of Brazil as a nation.

Santos Populares no Brasil: Catolicismo e Misticismo

André Corrêa Rollo 한국 포르투갈-브라질 학회 2009 포르투갈-브라질 연구 Vol.6 No.1

The Brazilian Catholicism exhibits several mystical elements which show the influence of miscigenation on religion, language and culture. During the Portuguese colonization, the Catholic cult was impenetrable to the most of people. To surpass linguistic obstacles set by the Latin, white, black and indian associated ancient beliefs and external displays of faith (as processions) in order to take part in the religion. This blend of different elements resulted in religious syncretism. The legends about saints' supernatural abilities, besides the comparison between African divinities created a good environment to a great cult of Saints and the powers attributed to them. Among the most popular saints in Brazil are Saint Anthony, the twins Cosmas and Damian and Saint George. Despite the fact that nowadays Catholic Mass and rites are spoken in Portuguese, this belief in personal contact with the supernatural sphere of religion is common in Brazilian everyday life, being the prayers and the procession the climax of religious feeling. The best-known Portuguese saint, Anthony (born Fernando de Bulhões) carries a series of legends around his life and abilities. Born in Lisbon in 1195, Anthony died in Italy in 1231. His worshippers believe he helps people to find lost things, to find a love, to help someone to marry, to protect animals and so on. George was a soldier to the Roman Empire during the reign of Diocletian, Emperor who persecuted Cristians. He was converted to Chritianity and was tortured and beheaded. The martyrdom of George occured in April, the 23 th in 303 A.D. This date is his feast day. In Brazil, Saint George is largely associated to the African orishacalled Ogun. The Warrior Saint is invoked as protector from all kinds of evil. The twins Cosmas and Damian were born in Arabia in the 3rd century AD and were executed around 287 AD. In Brazil , Cosmas and Damian were associated by the African entities called ibeijis, being regarded as protectors of children. Their feast day is celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church in September 26 since 1969, but their believers continue to celebrate the former date, September 27. The afro-religious temples use to receive children in order to bless them and offer candies for them. In the big cities take place many Festas de Cosme e Damião . Besides this, many common people use to informally, outside any cult, offer childrenlittle toys and candies in the streets or even organize feasts by their own. According to the tradition, to please a child makes Cosmas and Damian (or the African entities) bring good luck to the host. The oldest church in Brazil (built in Igarassu, Pernambuco, in 1535) was honored to the twins.

Validation and comparison of volume measurements using 1 multidetector computed tomography and 5 cone-beam computed tomography protocols: An in vitro study

Travessas Juliana Andréa Corrêa,dos Santos Alessandra Mendonça,Buligon Rodrigo Pagliarini,Arús Nádia Assein,da Silveira Priscila Fernanda Tiecher,da Silveira Heraldo Luis Dias,Vizzotto Mariana Boessio 대한영상치의학회 2022 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.52 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare volume measurements obtained using 2 image software packages on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images acquired from 1 multidetector computed tomography and 5 cone-beam computed tomography devices, using different protocols for physical volume measurements. Materials and Methods: Four pieces of bovine leg were prepared. Marrow was removed from 3 pieces, leaving cortical bone exposed. The resulting space of 1 piece was filled with water, another was filled with propylene glycol, and the third was left unfilled. The marrow in the fourth sample was left fully intact. Volume measurements were obtained after importing DICOM images into the Dolphin Imaging 11.95 and ITK-SNAP software programs. Data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance with a generalized linear model to determine the effects of voxel size, software, and content on percentage mean volume differences between tomographic protocols. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver reliability were, respectively, 0.915 and 0.764 for the Dolphin software and 0.894 and 0.766 for the ITK-SNAP software. Three sources of statistically significant variation were identified: the interaction between software and content (P = 0.001), the main effect of content (P = 0.014), and the main effect of software (P = 0.001). Voxel size was not associated with statistically significant differences in volume measurements. Conclusion: Both content and software influenced the accuracy of volume measurements, especially when the content had gray values similar to those of the adjacent tissues.

Zebrafish toxicological screening could aid Leishmaniosis drug discovery

Hirla Costa Silva Fukushima,Ricardo Lacava Bailone,Tatiana Corrêa,Helena Janke,Luís Kluwe De Aguiar,Princia Grejo Setti,Ricardo Carneiro Borra 한국실험동물학회 2021 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.37 No.3

Background Recently a screen from a library of 1.8 million compounds identified in vitro a potent activity of the 2-aminobenzimidazoles series against Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent responsible by over 20.000 deaths each year. Several analogs were synthesized and in vitro tested through an optimization program, leading to a promising 2-aminobenzimidazoles derived compound (2amnbzl-d) that was progressed to in vivo mice studies. However, the not expected toxic effects prevented its progression to more advanced preclinical and clinical phases of drug development. Due to limitations of cell models in detecting whole organism complex interactions, 90% of the compounds submitted to pre-clinical tests are reproved. The use of Zebrafish embryo models could improve this rate, saving mammals, time and costs in the development of new drugs. To test this hypothesis, we compared 2amnbzl-d with two compounds with already established safety profile: carbamazepine and benznidazole, using an embryo Zebrafish platform based on acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity assays (Pltf-AcHpNrCd). Results Tests were performed blindly, and the results demonstrated the presence of lethal and teratogenic effects (CL50%: 14.8 µM; EC50%: 8.6 µM), hepatotoxic in concentrations above 7.5 µM and neurotoxic in embryos exposed to 15 µM of 2amnbzl-d. Nevertheless, benznidazole exposition showed no toxicity and only the 100 µM of carbamazepine induced a bradycardia. Conclusions Results using Pltf-AcHpNrCd with zebrafish reproduced that found in the toxicological tests with mammals to a portion of the costs and time of experimentation.

Gastroprotective Effect of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae): Involvement of Sensory Neurons, Endogenous Nonprotein Sulfhydryls, and Nitric Oxide

Ana Paula Corrêa Castelo Branco Nappi,Roberta Gomes Coelho,Neli Kika Honda,Catharine Ferrazoli,Arnildo Pott,Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6

The present study reveals the pharmacological action of Serjania erecta Radlk. (Family Sapindaceae), an important medicinal plant species used in the Brazilian Pantanal against gastric pain. The methanolic (Me) and chloroformic (Se) extracts obtained from leaves of S. erecta were challenged by a very strong necrotizing agent in rodents, absolute ethanol. Se was also confronted with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester), a capsaicin cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 antagonist (ruthenium red), or a sulfhydryl-blocker (N-ethylmaleimide) to evaluate the participation of these cytoprotective factors in gastroprotection. In an in vivo experimental model, Me and Se presented several degrees of gastroprotective action without signs of acute toxicity. The best gastroprotective effect was restricted to all doses of Se. The mechanisms involving the gastroprotective action of Se are related to an augmented defense mechanism of the gastrointestinal mucosa consisting of sensory neurons, nitric oxide, and sulfhydryl groups that prevent and attenuate the ulcer process. The presence of polyisoprenoids in the Se explains the potent gastroprotective action of this medicinal species. Effective gastroprotective action and the absence of acute toxicity indicate this species may be a promising herbal drug against gastric disease.

The Impact of Undernutrition Risk on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Survivors: A Hospital-Based Study

Pereira Daniela Figueiredo Corrêa,Parron Fernandes Karen Barros,Aguiar Andreo Fernando,Casonatto Juliano 대한뇌신경재활학회 2024 뇌신경재활 Vol.17 No.1

Patients experiencing a cerebrovascular event are vulnerable to declining nutritional status, hindering rehabilitation. This study aims to analyze the association between malnutrition risk and hospital rehabilitation indicators in ischemic stroke sur vivors (ISS). This analytical study examined medical records of 160 adult patients (69.3 ± 13 years). Undernutrition risk (UR; independent variable) and rehabilitation indicators (dependent variables) like hospital stay, clinical outcome, functionality, stroke severity, food intake, mobility (bedridden), mechanical ventilation, and enteral nutrition were assessed. Data were dichotomized, and the chi-square test identified associations (p ≤ 0.05), followed by Poisson regression for prevalence ratios. Patients at UR had 2-fold higher risk of death (95% confidence inter val [CI], 0.99–4.79), 1.8-fold higher risk of high stroke severity (95% CI, 1.06–3.11), 76% higher chance of being bedridden (95% CI, 1.28–2.44), and 3-fold higher risk of mechanical ventilation (95% CI, 1.20–9.52). UR in hospitalized ISS is associated with deteriorating rehabilitation indicators, including mobility, decreased food intake, mechanical ventilation use, and neurological deficit, indicating an increased mortality risk post-stroke

Pulmonary Malakoplakia Associated with Peripheral Cysts in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report

Liana Ferreira Corrêa,Thiago Krieger Bento da Silva,Spencer Marcantonio Camargo,Bianca Canela Furian 대한흉부외과학회 2022 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.55 No.5

Pulmonary malakoplakia is a rare lung lesion more frequently found in immunocompromised patients than in immunocompetent individuals. In this study, we report the challenging case of a young immunocompetent patient with an irregular pulmonary nodule with peripheral cysts who, after undergoing surgery, was diagnosed with malakoplakia. Due to the rarity of the disease and the similarity of this condition to malignant neoplasms, cytopathological or histopathological examinations are necessary for the correct diagnosis. A description of pulmonary malakoplakia with peripheral cysts has not been previously published in the literature.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II: A case report with 17 years of follow-up

Francisco José Reis Gama,Isabella Sousa Corrêa,Claudia Scigliano Valerio,Emanuelle de Fátima Ferreira,Flávio Ricardo Manzi 대한영상치의학회 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.2

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a dominant autosomal hereditary disorder of dentin formation that affects the deciduous and permanent teeth. Its etiology is characterized by inadequate cell differentiation during odontogenesis. The clinical characteristics of dentinogenesis imperfecta are discolored teeth with a translucency that varies from gray to brown or amber. Radiographically, the teeth exhibit pulp obliteration, thin and short roots, bell-shaped crowns, and periapical bone rarefaction. The aim of this report was to present a case of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II that was followed up over a 17-year period. This report also presents scanning electron microscopy images of the enamel and dentin, showing that both were altered in the affected teeth. The disease characteristics and the treatments that were administered are reported in this study to guide dentists with respect to the need for early diagnosis and adequate follow-up to avoid major sequelae.

Effect of Ear Acupuncture plus Dry Cupping on Activities and Quality of Life in the Adults with Chronic Back Pain: a Randomized Trial

Caroline de Castro Moura,Chaves Erika de Cássia Lopes,Nogueira Denismar Alves,Iunes Denise Hollanda,Azevedo Cissa,Corrêa Hérica Pinheiro,Pereira Gabriela Aparecida,Silvano Higor Magalhães,Macieira Tam 사단법인약침학회 2022 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.15 No.2

Background: Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that brings physical and emotional impairments negatively impacting people’s quality of life. The adoption of interventions such as ear acupuncture and dry cupping can represent a treatment option for people with chronic back pain. Objectives: To investigate the effects of ear acupuncture combined with dry cupping therapy on the interference of pain with the daily activities and quality of life of adults with chronic back pain. Methods: An open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled clinical trial. One hundred and ninety-eight adults were randomized into control (CG - ear acupuncture) or experimental (EG - ear acupuncture combined with dry cupping) groups. Interventions were performed in five sessions, once a week, lasting five weeks. Evaluations were performed before the first session, after the last session, and seven days after the second evaluation, using the Brief Pain Inventory to assess the impact of pain on daily activities and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess the quality of life. Results: Between the initial and final sessions, there were significant changes in daily activities , activity, work, mood, relationships, sleep, and in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains for both the control and experimental groups. Improved perception of quality of life and satisfaction with health were observed for the participants in the experimental group. Conclusion: Ear acupuncture combined with dry cupping showed better results in terms of perception of quality of life and satisfaction with health when compared to ear acupuncture by itself.

Bioguided Fractionation, and Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Annona cacans Warm

Carla Roberta Ferreira Volobuff,Milena Menezes Correˆa Pederiva,Roseane Soares Ramos Benites,Camila Juliane Lima,Eliana Janet Sanjinez Argandon˜a,Clau´dia Andrea Lima Cardoso,Zefa Valdevina Pereira,An 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.10

This study evaluated to determine the phenolic and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activity of the hydromethanolic extracts of the leaves, pulp, and seeds of Annona cacans. The isolation and structural identification of the constituent acetogenin, phenolic acid, and flavonoids were also reported. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. Cell proliferation was determined by spectrophotometric quantification of the cellular protein content using a sulforhodamine B assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in paw edema model, to myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity induced by carrageenan in mice. Fractionation resulted in the isolation of one acetogenin (annoreticuin-9-one), two flavonoids (quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside-6-O-α-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside), and one phenolic acid (p-coumaric acid). The pulp extract presented potent antioxidant activities by the DPPH (IC50 = 44.08 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 39.32 μg/mL) methods, as well as high contents of phenols (618.95 mg GA/g) and flavonoids (477.35 mg QE/g). The bioguided fractionation demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction of the pulp extract and annoreticuin-9-one showed potent antiproliferative activity against ovarian cancer (GI50 = 6.4 μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated significant inhibition of edema compared to the control group in 2 and 4 h; in addition, the extracts inhibited the increase in MPO activity after 6 h, when compared to the DEX and control groups. For the first time, this study demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activity, as well as compounds isolated, suggesting that A. cacans could also be potential sources for prevention of cancer and other diseases associated with oxidative stress.