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Glutathione S-transferase 유전자 다형성과 전신성 홍반성 루푸스
강태영,AhmedEl-Sohemy,MarilynC.Cornelis,정청일,이혜순,엄완식,김태환,전재범,유대현,김신규,배상철 대한류마티스학회 2003 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.10 No.3
Glutathione S-transferase Gene Polymorphisms and Tae-Young Kang, M.D.* ***, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Ph.D.†, Marilyn C. Cornelis†,Chung-Il Joung, M.D.* ***, Hye-Son Le, M.D.* ***, Wan-Sik Uhm, M.D.* ***,Tae-Hwan Kim, M.D.* ***, Jae-Bum Jun, M.D.* ***, Dae-Hyun Yoo, M.D.* ***, Think-You Kim, , Sang-Cheol Bae, M.D.* ***The Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases***, Department of Internal Medicine*,
Cornelis Lay 서울대학교행정대학원 2017 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.25 No.1
This research explores how political linkages between civil society organizations (CSOs) and Parliament are established, formed, and operated, using the drafting of the Aceh Governance Law as a case study. It finds that the initiative of establishing political linkages between CSOs and Parliament was taken by the CSOs joined in the Aceh Democracy Network (JDA, Jaringan Demokrasi Aceh). It confirms Lawson’s finding that parties are not the only linkage providers; however, the establishment of non-party linkages are not indicators of parties’ failure to provide linkage. This article shows how what Lawson terms ‘typology’— participatory linkage, policy-responsive linkage, linkage by reward, directive or coercive linkage—is manifested more as different ‘dimensions’ of linkages. Participatory linkage involves a bottomup model, unlike directive or coercive linkage, which are topdown. Likewise, the motives behind responsive linkages—for aspirations, demands, and views to be heard—tend to be from the bottom, while the motives of linkage by reward is more frequently from the top.
Carolingian Connections: Infrastructure and Mobility from Late Antiquity to the Reign of Charlemagne
Cornelis van Tilburg Academy of Mobility Humanities 2023 Mobility Humanities Vol.2 No.2
In the 4th century, some regions of the Roman Empire had already been conquered by Germanic tribes. Yet, the continuous road network of about 100,000 km of paved roads still functioned properly. That changed in the 5th and 6th centuries when the Western Roman Empire disintegrated and was completely conquered by Germanic tribes. The result was an enormous depopulation and state of unrest. The continuous interregional road network transformed into a fragmented local one and, in many places, the roads completely disappeared. Since the country road network had deteriorated in the north of the former Roman empire, nowadays known as the Netherlands, goods traffic took place almost exclusively over water. Only cities with an ecclesiastical centre, as well as harbour cities situated along a navigable river, had a chance to survive as economic centres. This was the situation at the beginning of the reign of Charlemagne (768-814). He is usually considered a restorer of the former Western Roman Empire; but was he also a restorer of the ancient Roman road network and mobility? There is a lot of discussion concerning the fate of the post-Roman infrastructure. Several decades ago, scholars argued that after the splitting up of the Roman Empire, the infrastructure collapsed, resulting in scarce traffic in these so-called Dark Ages. Over the past few decades, this image has increasingly changed; the former Roman infrastructure was in part still intact and in use by messengers, traders and officials. In this article, I share this latter opinion; I outline how in order for new towns to arise, they need not only an old infrastructure but also a brand-new one—true even in Merovingian times.
Acute Spinal-Cord Ischemia: Evolution of MRI Findings
Cornelis L. Alblas,Willem H. Bouvy,Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt,Jelis Boiten 대한신경과학회 2012 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.8 No.3
Background and Purpose Magnetic resonance (MR) findings in acute spinal-cord ischemia can be summarized as focal cord enlargement and hyperintensities on T2-weighted images and gadolinium enhancement, especially of the central gray matter. However, in analogy with acute brain ischemia, it is to be expected that the findings of MR imaging (MRI) may be normal in the first hours after symptom onset. We evaluated the clinical and MRI findings in a series of patients with acute spinal-cord ischemia, and tested the hypothesis that the development and course of MR abnormalities are predictable. Methods Five patients with acute spinal-cord ischemia were admitted to our hospital over a 2-year period. Repeated MRI (1.5 T) was performed in all patients. Clinical data were retrieved from the patients’ charts. Results Four women and one man with a median age of 52 years (range, 31-75 years) were admitted. Three patients had anterior spinal artery infarction and two patients had transverse infarctions. All patients underwent spinal MRI within 24 hours; the findings were normal in four of the five patients. After 1-2 days, T2-weighted MRI generally exhibited focal cord enlargement and hyperintensity in all patients, while spinal-cord enhancement appeared after 2-11 days. Conclusions Acute spinal-cord ischemia may have a typical course on MRI. MRI findings are usually normal in the acute phase, but spinal cord swelling and T2 abnormality are expected after several days, while gadolinium enhancement appears even later after symptom onset. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI can be increased by repeated MRI in patients suspected of acute spinal-cord ischemia.