Wavelength and solvent independent photochemistry: the electrocyclic ring-closure of indolylfulgides

Cordes, Thorben,Herzog, Teja T.,Malkmus, Stephan,Draxler, Simone,Brust, Thomas,Digirolamo, Jessica A.,Lees, Watson J.,Braun, Markus Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.4

A wavelength and solvent dependent study of a photochromic indolylfulgide is presented. The ring-closure reaction is characterized using stationary and time-resolved spectroscopy with femtosecond time resolution. After excitation into the first excited singlet state ($S_1$) the photoprocesses proceed on ultrafast timescales (0.3-0.45 ps) in both polar and non-polar solvents. Excitation into higher electronic states results in similar reaction kinetics as found for $S_1$ excitation. A simple kinetic scheme can be established for the photoprocesses under all different experimental conditions: as expected from organic textbooks neither the solvent surroundings nor the excitation wavelength strongly alter the reaction scheme. The experimental study demonstrates that the ring-closure reaction of photochromic indolylfulgides can be considered as a very robust photoprocess: this fact may lead to a great variety of different applications where the reaction dynamics of the molecular switch are not disturbed by any surrounding effects.

미국에서의 기후변화에 대한 법적 전략

Mark W. Cordes, 정하명(번역) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2012 法學論叢 Vol.19 No.2

Climate change is the most significant environmental challenge facing the world in the twenty-first century. Although the United States was an early leader in exploring the problem of climate change, it did not sign the Kyoto Protocol that it helped negotiate. Moreover, the United States’ own efforts at a comprehensive national strategy to climate change have been unsuccessful. Nevertheless, the United States, at both the national and state level, has begun to pursue several distinct and promising strategies to address climate change. At the national level the Obama administration has recently imposed fuel efficiency standards on vehicles that will result in significant reduction of carbon-dioxide emissions. And a number of states, both individually and through regional compacts, are beginning to take significant steps toward reducing GHG emissions from stationary sources, especially coal-burning power plants. Although the United States falls far short of what it should be doing, these two actions at the national and state levels are the start of a promising legal strategy to address climate change. Part one of this paper will briefly discuss early U.S. efforts to address climate change. Part two will then address legal strategies at the national level, examining both the failed attempt at comprehensive national climate change legislation, as well as recent efforts of the Obama administration to address climate change through the United States’ Clean Air Act. Part three will then examine regional and state strategies to address climate change, with particular attention to efforts to reduce GHG emissions from coal-burning power plants. Finally, part four will briefly review the use of private party litigation as a climate change strategy.

Legal Strategies in the United States to Address Climate Change

Mark W. Cordes 조선대학교 법학연구원 2012 法學論叢 Vol.19 No.2

21세기 세계가 직면하고 있는 가장 중요한 환경적 도전은 기후변화이다. 초기에 미국은 기후 변화의 문제탐구에 지도적인 역할을 담당했고 교토의정서의 협상을 주도했지만 교토의정서에 서명하지 않았다. 또한 미국은 기후변화에 대한 연방차원의 종합적 전략을 수립하려는 노력에도 실패하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 연방정부와 주정부 차원에서 모두 기후 변화문제를 다루기 위한 개별적이고 유망한 전략들을 추구하고 있다. 연방차원에서는 오바마 행정부는 최근 이산화탄소 배출량의 상당한 감소가 일어날 수 있도록 차량의 연료효율기준을 향상시켰으며, 많은 주정부들은 단독으로 혹은 지역협약들을 통해서 특히 석탄화력발전소와 같은 오염원들에서의 온실가스배출을 줄이려는 상당한 대책들을 시행하기 시작했다. 비록 미국은 마땅히 해야 하는 것보다는 상당히 미약하지만 연방정부와 주정부 차원에서 기후변화를 해결하기 위한 유망한 법적 전략을 시행하기 시작했다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이 논문 제Ⅰ부에서는 초기 미국의 기후변화 대책에 관해 간략히 소개하고, 제Ⅱ부에서는 연방정부 차원의 법적 전략에 대해서 다룬다. 그리고 입법화에 실패했던 통합기후변화연방법안에 대해서 논하고 최근 대기정화법(Clean Air Act)을 통하여 기후변화의 문제를 해결하려고 하는 오바마 정부의 노력에 대해서도 소개한다. 제Ⅲ부에서는 지역적 혹은 주정부 차원에서 온실가스배출의 감소를 위한 시도들 특히 석탄화력발전소에서의 온실가스배출을 억제하려던 노력을 소개하고, 제Ⅳ부에서는 기후변화대처 방안으로써의 민간인 소송에 대해서 검토한다.

Legal Strategies in the United States to Address Climate Change

Mark W. Cordes, 정하명(번역) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2012 法學論叢 Vol.19 No.2

21세기 세계가 직면하고 있는 가장 중요한 환경적 도전은 기후변화이다. 초기에 미국은 기후 변화의 문제탐구에 지도적인 역할을 담당했고 교토의정서의 협상을 주도했지만 교토의정서에 서명하지 않았다. 또한 미국은 기후변화에 대한 연방차원의 종합적 전략을 수립하려는 노력에도 실패하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 연방정부와 주정부 차원에서 모두 기후 변화문제를 다루기 위한 개별적이고 유망한 전략들을 추구하고 있다. 연방차원에서는 오바마 행정부는 최근 이산화탄소 배출량의 상당한 감소가 일어날 수 있도록 차량의 연료효율기준을 향상시켰으며, 많은 주정부들은 단독으로 혹은 지역협약들을 통해서 특히 석탄화력발전소와 같은 오염원들에서의 온실가스배출을 줄이려는 상당한 대책들을 시행하기 시작했다. 비록 미국은 마땅히 해야 하는 것보다는 상당히 미약하지만 연방정부와 주정부 차원에서 기후변화를 해결하기 위한 유망한 법적 전략을 시행하기 시작했다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이 논문 제Ⅰ부에서는 초기 미국의 기후변화 대책에 관해 간략히 소개하고, 제Ⅱ부에서는 연방정부 차원의 법적 전략에 대해서 다룬다. 그리고 입법화에 실패했던 통합기후변화연방법안에 대해서 논하고 최근 대기정화법(Clean Air Act)을 통하여 기후변화의 문제를 해결하려고 하는 오바마 정부의 노력에 대해서도 소개한다. 제Ⅲ부에서는 지역적 혹은 주정부 차원에서 온실가스배출의 감소를 위한 시도들 특히 석탄화력발전소에서의 온실가스배출을 억제하려던 노력을 소개하고, 제Ⅳ부에서는 기후변화대처 방안으로써의 민간인 소송에 대해서 검토한다. Climate change is the most significant environmental challenge facing the world in the twenty-first century. Although the United States was an early leader in exploring the problem of climate change, it did not sign the Kyoto Protocol that it helped negotiate. Moreover, the United States’ own efforts at a comprehensive national strategy to climate change have been unsuccessful. Nevertheless, the United States, at both the national and state level, has begun to pursue several distinct and promising strategies to address climate change. At the national level the Obama administration has recently imposed fuel efficiency standards on vehicles that will result in significant reduction of carbon-dioxide emissions. And a number of states, both individually and through regional compacts, are beginning to take significant steps toward reducing GHG emissions from stationary sources, especially coal-burning power plants. Although the United States falls far short of what it should be doing, these two actions at the national and state levels are the start of a promising legal strategy to address climate change. Part one of this paper will briefly discuss early U.S. efforts to address climate change. Part two will then address legal strategies at the national level, examining both the failed attempt at comprehensive national climate change legislation, as well as recent efforts of the Obama administration to address climate change through the United States’ Clean Air Act. Part three will then examine regional and state strategies to address climate change, with particular attention to efforts to reduce GHG emissions from coal-burning power plants. Finally, part four will briefly review the use of private party litigation as a climate change strategy.

Single-molecule photophysics of oxazines on DNA and its application in a FRET switch

Vogelsang, Jan,Cordes, Thorben,Tinnefeld, Philip Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.4

The role and interplay of triplet states and radical ion states in single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has recently been elaborated providing us with new insights into the photophysics and photobleaching pathways of fluorescent dyes. Adjustment of fluorophore redox properties in combination with specific redox properties of the environment, i.e. addition of reducing and oxidizing agents, allows control of the emission properties: it has become possible to suppress blinking and to also induce blinking in single-molecule fluorescence transient by selectively opening and closing specific excited state pathways. Induced blinking is, for example, of interest for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy based on the subsequent localization of single fluorophores. For oxazines this control even allowed the separation of the influence of reducing and oxidizing agents, enabling switching the fluorescence of single fluorophores. Here, we study the factors that contribute to the kinetics of the photophysical pathways more closely with a focus on the photophysics of the oxazine ATTO655 labeled to DNA. Our data show that the oxazine ATTO655 interacts with DNA, shielding it efficiently from reagents in solution. Besides redox reactions, the pH also influences the blinking kinetics and especially the off-times. Moreover, we present the extension of ATTO655 as a single-molecule redox sensor to a ratiometric fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer based sensor. Therefore, we designed FRET probes that showed the highest possible contrast of FRET changes and demonstrate reversible FRET-switching of Cy3B-ATTO655 DNA constructs.

A novel low-cost method for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA extraction from an automated broth culture system for real-time PCR analysis

Miguel Salgado,Cristobal Verdugo,Cord Heuer,Pedro Castillo,Patricia Zamorano 대한수의학회 2014 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.15 No.2

PCR is a highly accurate technique for confirming thepresence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Map) in broth culture. In this study, a simple, efficient, andlow-cost method of harvesting DNA from Map cultured inliquid medium was developed. The proposed protocol(Universidad Austral de Chile [UACH]) was evaluated bycomparing its performance to that of two traditionaltechniques (a QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit andcethyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB] method). Theresults were statistically assessed by agreement analysis forwhich differences in the number of cycles to positive (CP)were compared by Student’s t-test for paired samples andregression analysis. Twelve out of 104 fecal pools culturedwere positive. The final PCR results for 11 samples analyzedwith the QIAamp and UACH methods or ones examinedwith the QIAamp and CTAB methods were in agreement. Complete (100%) agreement was observed between datafrom the CTAB and UACH methods. CP values for theUACH and CTAB techniques were not significantlydifferent, while the UACH method yielded significantlylower CP values compared to the QIAamp kit. The proposedextraction method combines reliability and efficiency withsimplicity and lower cost.

Effect of Opening on the Shear Behavior of a Rock Joint

( J. Oh ),( E. J. Cording ),( G. W. Kim ) 대한지질공학회 2007 국제학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Development of a Criterion for Estimating Damage in Buildings due to Excavation-Induced Ground Movements

Moorak Son,Edward J. Cording 대한토목학회 2005 KSCE journal of civil engineering Vol.9 No.4

Development of a Criterion for Estimating Damage in Buildings due to Excavation-Indued Ground Movements

Moorak Son,Edward J. Cording 대한토목학회 2005 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.9 No.4

A building damage criterion, which is using angular distortion and lateral strain of a building, is developed. The angular distortion/lateral strain criterion for building damage due to excavation is evaluated in terms of the state of strain at a point, or the average strainacross a unit of the building. The idea of the damage estimate criterion develops from the concept that a structure is deformed by thecombination of angular distortion and lateral strain, and the maximum strain on the structure can be decided by a principal strainformed by both the angular distortion and the lateral strain. The developed criterion is applicable to a wide range of building length/height ratios and building longitudinal stiffness/shear stiffness ratios.

터널 및 흙막이 굴착에 따른 인접구조물 손상예측 및 평가

손무락(Son, Moorak),Edward J. Cording 대한토목학회 2020 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10