Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015

Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2015 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.6 No.4

Objectives: The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the Republic of Korea started from the index case who developed fever after returning from the Middle East. He infected 26 cases in Hospital C, and consecutive nosocomial transmission proceeded throughout the nation. We provide an epidemiologic description of the outbreak, as of July 2015. Methods: Epidemiological research was performed by direct interview of the confirmed patients and reviewing medical records. We also analyzed the incubation period, serial interval, the characteristics of superspreaders, and factors associated with mortality. Full genome sequence was obtained from sputum specimens of the index patient. Results: A total of 186 confirmed patients with MERS-CoV infection across 16 hospitals were identified in the Republic of Korea. Some 44.1% of the cases were patients exposed in hospitals, 32.8% were caregivers, and 13.4% were healthcare personnel. The most common presenting symptom was fever and chills. The estimated incubation period was 6.83 days and the serial interval was 12.5 days. A total of 83.2% of the transmission events were epidemiologically linked to five superspreaders, all of whom had pneumonia at presentation and contacted hundreds of people. Older age [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90-12.45] and underlying respiratory disease (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.64 -14.65) were significantly associated with mortality. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MERS-CoV of the index case clustered closest with a recent virus from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: A single imported MERS-CoV infection case imposed a huge threat to public health and safety. This highlights the importance of robust preparedness and optimal infection prevention control. The lessons learned from the current outbreak will contribute to more up-to-date guidelines and global health security.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015

Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2016 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.7 No.2

Objectives The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the Republic of Korea started from the index case who developed fever after returning from the Middle East. He infected 26 cases in Hospital C, and consecutive nosocomial transmission proceeded throughout the nation. We provide an epidemiologic description of the outbreak, as of July 2015. Methods Epidemiological research was performed by direct interview of the confirmed patients and reviewing medical records. We also analyzed the incubation period, serial interval, the characteristics of superspreaders, and factors associated with mortality. Full genome sequence was obtained from sputum specimens of the index patient. Results A total of 186 confirmed patients with MERS-CoV infection across 16 hospitals were identified in the Republic of Korea. Some 44.1% of the cases were patients exposed in hospitals, 32.8% were caregivers, and 13.4% were healthcare personnel. The most common presenting symptom was fever and chills. The estimated incubation period was 6.83 days and the serial interval was 12.5 days. A total of 83.2% of the transmission events were epidemiologically linked to five superspreaders, all of whom had pneumonia at presentation and contacted hundreds of people. Older age [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–12.45] and underlying respiratory disease (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.64–14.65) were significantly associated with mortality. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MERS-CoV of the index case clustered closest with a recent virus from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Conclusion A single imported MERS-CoV infection case imposed a huge threat to public health and safety. This highlights the importance of robust preparedness and optimal infection prevention control. The lessons learned from the current outbreak will contribute to more up-to-date guidelines and global health security.

Controllable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide

Controllable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide,Li Fang 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.9

A controllable fabrication of reduced Graphite oxide (RGO) via different alcohols was reported. Characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UVevisible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry, the chemical and structural properties, together with the electroconductivities of the RGOs fabricated by ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (PrOH), 1-butanol (BuOH) and benzyl alcohol (PhOH) were investigated systemically. The results showed that the reduction degree of GO was strongly dependent on the type of alcohol. The strongest reducibility of PhOH was attributed to the special activity of the benzyl hydrogen of PhOH in comparison with the other primary alcohols. Meanwhile, the reducibility of the primary alcohols decreased with the elongation of carbon chain, which might be explained by the gradual attenuation of hydrogen donation ability and the increase of steric hindrance. The reducibility order of the investigated alcohols was determined as RGO(PhOH) > RGO(EtOH) > RGO(PrOH) > RGO(BuOH), indicating the potential controllability of the RGOs reduced by different alcohols for special use. In addition, the electrical conductivity of RGO(PhOH) was found to be similar to that of Graphite.

전동차양의 제어에 따른 조명에너지 절감량 예측

송성훈, 서동현 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2018 建設技術論文集 Vol.37 No.2

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Graphene quantum dots and their possible energy applications: A review

Controllable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide,Li Fang,YOUNG HEE LEE 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.9

As new carbon-based materials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) many advantages due to the additional unique properties that arise from their nanoscale small size. GQDs are expected to be suitable for various applications. For use of GQDs in various fields, mass production is critically required. To date, many methods for preparing GQDs with good properties and high yield have been introduced. The main synthesis strategies are known as bottom-up and top-down methods. Synthesis of GQDs from small organic molecules, known as the bottom-up approach, is appropriate for controlling the size of GQDs but requires multistep organic reactions and purification at each step. However, the top-down approach of breaking the carbon-carbon bonds of a large carbon source is easy and simple, and therefore suitable for mass production. Here, we briefly introduce the solution-process synthesis of GQDs using a top-down method and recent energy-related applications such as capacitors, lithium ion batteries, and solar cells.

연구발표논문초록 ( 공정시스템 (2) ) : 전산제어 system의 유동층 반응기에의 적용

한명완 (정),강신이 (정),윤풍 (정) ( Control of Fluidized bed Reactor Using a Microcomputer ) 한국화학공학회 1987 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

Image restoration based on the wavelet filter bank

Lee, Jong-soo,Kim, Ju-hun Research Institute for Science & Technology HONG-I 1997 Hongik Journal of Science and Technology Vol.1 No.-

In this paper, we propose a new way to restore a degraded image using the wavelet transform and filter banks. First, we device a degraded image into 4 subband images using UDWT(Undecimated Wavelets Transform), and then use a proper CLS(Constrained Least Square) filter in each subband. Using a proper CLS filter in each subband, we can save the high frequency components constained in the original images. To reduce the computational load, we propose an algorithm which reconstructs an image from the down-sampled subband images using the wavelet transform. This is a good tade-off between the ISNR(Inverse Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and the calculation time because it reduces the calculation loads significantly in contrast to the degradation in ISNR

Coronavirus Disease-19: Summary of 2,370 Contact Investigations of the First 30 Cases in the Republic of Korea

Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.2

Between January 24th and March 10th, a total of 2,370 individuals had contact with the first 30 cases of COVID-19. There were 13 individuals who contracted COVID-19 resulting in a secondary attack rate of 0.55% (95% CI 0.31–0.96). There were 119 household contacts, of which 9 individuals developed COVID-19 resulting in a secondary attack rate of 7.56% (95% CI 3.7–14.26).

Interpretation and Use of the Western Blot Assay for Serodiagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections

Centers for Diseases Control MediMedia Korea 1990 JAMA-Korea Vol.5 No.3

Early Trend of Imported COVID-19 Cases in South Korea

Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.3

This study aimed to observe the initial trend of imported COVID-19 cases in South Korea since the beginning of the outbreak. All imported cases were classified into 5 regions (China, Asia, Europe, Africa, and America) according to travel history and potential exposure to the COVID-19. The list of countries for which confirmed cases had a travel history (single visit, multiple visits) and presented, were used to estimate the potential “exposure countries” of confirmed cases. For better understanding of the overall imported cases, time differences (day) among 3 major steps (symptom onset, entry to South Korea, laboratory confirmation) were measured based on available data. From the first importation of a COVID-19 case on January 20th, a total of 171 imported cases have been officially reported in South Korea as of March 23rd 2020. The overall trend of importation has significantly changed during this period. Importation of confirmed cases were initially from China, and subsequently from other Asian countries. After that, importation from Europe rapidly increased, with importation from America also increasing. One hundred fifteen (81%) were confirmed within 7 days of symptom onset. One Hundred forty three (84.1%) imported cases were confirmed within a week after entry into South Korea. One hundred seven imported cases (75.9%) developed symptoms within 5 days before or after, entry to South Korea. Streamlined processes of detection, subsequent testing, isolation, and treatment by public health authority, was key in minimizing the risk of secondary transmission.