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( Constanza Ciriza De Los-rios ),( Fernando Canga Rodriguez-valcarcel ),( David Lora Pablos ),( Javier De La Cruz Bertolo ),( Isabel Castel De Lucas ),( Gregorio Castellano Tortajada ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.3
Background/Aims: The body position can influence esophageal motility data obtained with high-resolution manometry (HRM). To examine whether the body position influences HRM diagnoses in patients with esophageal dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: HRM (Manoscan) was performed in 99 patients in the sitting and supine positions; 49 had dysphagia and 50 had GERD assessed by 24-hour pH monitoring. HRM plots were analyzed according to the Chicago classification. Results: HRM results varied in the final diagnoses of the esophageal body (EB) in patients with dysphagia (P = 0.024), the result being more distal spasm and weak peristalsis while sitting. In patients with GERD, the HRM diagnoses of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology, and EB varied depending on the position; (P = 0.063, P = 0.017, P = 0.041 respectively). Hypotensive LES, EGJ type III (hiatal hernia), and weak peristalsis were more frequently identified in the sitting position. The reliability (kappa) of the position influencing HRM diagnoses was similar in dysphagia and GERD (LES diagnosis: dysphagia 0.32 [0.14-0.49] and GERD 0.31 [0.10-0.52], P = 0.960; EB diagnosis: dysphagia 0.49 [0.30-0.69] and GERD 0.39 [0.20-0.59], P = 0.480). The reliability in EGJ morphology studies was higher in dysphagia 0.81 (0.68-0.94) than in GERD 0.55 (0.37-0.73), P = 0.020. Conclusions: HRM results varied according to the position in patients with dysphagia and GERD. Weak peristalsis was more frequently diagnosed while sitting in dysphagia and GERD. Hypotensive LES and EGJ type III (hiatal hernia) were also more frequently diagnosed in the sitting position in patients with GERD. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:370-379)
( Constanza Marini-macouzet ),( Luis Muñoz ),( Aldo Gonzalez-rubio ),( Luis E. Eguiarte ),( Valeria Souza ),( Patricia Velez ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.5
Fungal ecological interactions play a key role in structuring community assemblages. These associations may involve both antagonistic and synergistic relationships, which are commonly influenced by abiotic factors such as nutrient conditions. However, information for extreme, oligotrophic systems remain poor. Herein, interactions among key members of the aquatic transient fungal community (Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Coprinellus micaceus) of a low-nutrient freshwater system in the Cuatro Ci_enegas Basin, Mexico were studied. Pairwise interaction bioassays were explored in vitro under different nutrient conditions, including carbohydrates-rich, carbohydrates and amino peptides-rich, and low nutrients. Our results indicated that antagonistic patterns prevail among the studied taxa. However, nutrient- dependent changes were observed in Cladosporium sp. shifting to synergy under carbohydrates- rich conditions, suggesting changes in the fungal community composition as a result of nutrient enrichment. Remarkably, our findings contrast with previous work demonstrating mainly synergistic interactions between our tested fungal isolates and co-occurring autochthonous bacteria (Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio sp.) under low-nutrient conditions. This observation may indicate that bacteria and fungi exhibit distinct community-level responses, driven by nutrient conditions. This contributes to the knowledge of fungal community dynamics and interspecific interactions in an oligotrophic ecosystem, highlighting the relevance of nutrient-based shifts and antagonistic interactions in ecosystem dynamics.
Constanza Pulido 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2013 국제학논총 Vol.20 No.-
Forced internal migration in Colombia is an issue that has affected this country for decades. The causes are diverse (internal armed conflict, violence, drug trafficking to name but a few) and the consequences are devastating for the civilian population. These events have a considerable impact on literature as well, giving rise to testimonial narratives and migration literature. These aim to denounce an historic event through the words of the individuals who are directly witnessing the unfolding of these events. The colombian novel “A Tale of the Dispossessed” written by Laura Restrepo, is considered a novel about displacement and migration. Here we will review some dichotomies of the condition of the displaced and how it allows them to become aware of their own identity.
Camargo, M Constanza,Kim, Woo-Ho,Chiaravalli, Anna Maria,Kim, Kyoung-Mee,Corvalan, Alejandro H,Matsuo, Keitaro,Yu, Jun,Sung, Joseph J Y,Herrera-Goepfert, Roberto,Meneses-Gonzalez, Fernando,Kijima, Yuk BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Gut Vol.63 No.2
<P><B>Background and objective</B></P><P>About 9% of gastric carcinomas have Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the tumour cells, but it is unclear whether viral presence influences clinical progression. We therefore examined a large multicentre case series for the association of tumour EBV status with survival after gastric cancer diagnosis, accounting for surgical stage and other prognostic factors.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We combined individual-level data on 4599 gastric cancer patients diagnosed between 1976 and 2010 from 13 studies in Asia (n=8), Europe (n=3), and Latin America (n=2). EBV positivity of tumours was assessed by in situ hybridisation. Mortality HRs for EBV positivity were estimated by Cox regression models stratified by study, adjusted for distributions of sex (71% male), age (mean 58 years), stage (52% tumour-node-metastasis stages III or IV), tumour histology (49% poorly differentiated, 57% Lauren intestinal-type), anatomic subsite (70% non-cardia) and year of diagnosis. Variations by study and continent were assessed using study-specific HRs for EBV positivity.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>During median 3.0 years follow-up, 49% of patients died. Stage was strongly predictive of mortality, with unadjusted HRs (vs stage I) of 3.1 for stage II, 8.1 for stage III and 13.2 for stage IV. Tumour EBV positivity was 8.2% overall and inversely associated with stage (adjusted OR: 0.79 per unit change). Adjusted for stage and other confounders, EBV positivity was associated with lower mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.86), with low heterogeneity among the study populations (p=0.2). The association did not significantly vary across patient or tumour characteristics. There was no significant variation among the three continent-specific HRs (p=0.4).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that tumour EBV positivity is an additional prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. Further studies are warranted to identify the mechanisms underlying this protective association.</P>
Pablo Mandó,Manglio Rizzo,Constanza Perez de la Puente,Mercedes Maino,Carolina Ponce,Maria Teresa Pombo,Mora Amat,Maria Victoria Costanzo,Adrian Nervo,Jorge Nadal,Veronica Fabiano,Jose Loza,Carlos Mar 한국유방암학회 2017 Journal of breast cancer Vol.20 No.2
Purpose: Several studies have shown that estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression may vary during tumoral progression. We aimed to describe and compare ER, PR, and HER2 expressions in primary breast tumors and synchronic axillary nodal metastases, and evaluate phenotypic correlations between them. Methods: Patients were identified prospectively through surgical procedures between September 2013 and July 2016. The status of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 were pathologically analyzed in breast cancers and axillary nodal metastases; these patients were classified based on the breast cancer phenotypes into five subgroups. Results: Synchronic axillary nodal metastases were observed in 127 patients. In breast cancers and nodal metastases, correlation analyses of ER, PR, and Ki-67 expression showed a statistical dependence and concordance between these samples was unambiguously demonstrated through Bland-Altman plots for each determination. Primary breast tumors were classified as follows: luminal A, 41.6%; luminal B, 40.0%; luminal B/HER2, 9.6%; HER2, 2.4%; triple negative, 6.4%. Alterations in phenotype were observed in 28% of patients. The most frequent phenotypic alteration was from luminal B to A (36.4%). Ten cases (30.3%) showed alterations with therapeutic implications; six gained HER2 overexpression, and four, hormonal receptor (HR) expression. A moderate strength of agreement (Cohen’s κ coefficient, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.48−0.71) was observed. In multivariate analyses, high histologic grade (odds ratio [OR], 2.79; p<0.047) and high Ki-67 expression (OR, 1.05; p<0.037) were independent factors predictive of phenotypic alterations. Conclusion: Strong correlations were observed in HR and Ki-67 expressions between primary breast tumors and axillary nodal metastases, and a moderate concordance was observed in their phenotypical characteristics. Nevertheless, alterations did exist, and one-third of these changes may have therapeutic implications. The nodal metastases of tumors with high grade and high Ki-67 expression may need to be analyzed, to obtain complete therapeutic information.
Agricultural Employment, Wages and Poverty in Developing Countries
Katsushi IMAI,Raghav GAIHA,Constanza DI NUCCI 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2014 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.5 No.2
Drawing upon panel data estimations, we have analyzed relationships between agricultural productivity, employment, technology, openness of the economy, inequality in land distribution and poverty. First, we have identified a number of important factors affecting agricultural productivity, such as agricultural R&D expenditure, irrigation, fertilizer use, agricultural tractor/machinery use, reduction in inequality of land distribution, and reduction in gender inequality. Second, while agricultural wage rates are negatively associated with agricultural productivity and food price in terms of levels, rising agricultural wage rates are positively correlated with growth in agricultural land and/or labor productivity as well as with growth in food prices, particularly after 2000. Contrary to the International Labor Organization’s 2012 claim of a widened gap between wage and labor productivity, this finding suggests a narrowing gap once the conditional relationship between the two is taken into account. Third, agricultural employment per hectare tends to increase agricultural productivity after taking account of the endogeneity of the former, while growth in agricultural employment per hectare tends to increase growth in non-agricultural employment over time with adjustment for the endogeneity of the former. Fourth, both agricultural growth and non-agricultural growth tend to lead to a reduction in overall inequality. Finally, increases in agricultural productivity (which is treated as endogenous) will reduce poverty significantly through contributing to overall economic growth. Overall, policies to increase agricultural productivity and agricultural employment are likely to increase non-agricultural growth, overall growth and reduce poverty. The presence of institutional frameworks to promote greater equality between men and women is likely to be one of the key factors, consistent with the important role of women in promoting agricultural productivity in developing countries.
Progression of Jackhammer Esophagus to Type III Achalasia and Improvement After Extended Myotomy
( Pablo Vázquez García ),( Constanza Ciriza De Los Ríos ),( Fernando Canga Rodríguez-valcárcel ),( Diego Hernández García-gallardo ) 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.1
Kamran Kashif,Schapheer Constanza,Ali Abid,Maldonado Ana Karina,Iqbal Asim,Arif Sana,Villagra Cristian 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.12
Synanthropic cockroaches are a public health concern, because they can carry pathogens and allergens. These insects inhabit urban spaces and must be constantly monitored in order to assess the pest emergence outbreaks. Here, we combined spatial population monitoring with microbiological testing to survey the main pest cockroach species found inside residences of the city of Quetta, Pakistan. We evaluated the distribution of pest cockroaches at two scales: landscape (neighborhood) and patch (inside houses). We found at least one of the following pest species in the 73.2% of the total residences surveyed (n = 112): Shelfordella lateralis 37.1%, Periplaneta americana 23%, Blatella germanica 16.7%, Blatta orientalis 13.4% and Polyphaga aegyptiaca 9.8%. At landscape scale, the most common was S. lateralis, presenting a clustered distribution in two sampled zones, also heavily urbanized. At indoor scale, S. lateralis were most frequently found in kitchens. When we studied the bacterial loads in this species, we found that S. lateralis carried several pathogenic bacteria. Susceptibility tests tested on these strains against 10 common formulations showed antibiotic resistance for some bacteria. For instance, Pasteurella spp was susceptible towards six antibiotics tested, while Helicobacter spp showed resistance against eight antibiotics tested. Our evidence suggests that S. lateralis have the potential to displace main cosmopolitan pests and, most concerning, also carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Considering that this emergent Asian-native pest is now present in Europe and America, it may correspond to a relevant urban pest deserving further international public health attention.