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SamritiKhosla,K.K.Raina,H.J.Coles 한국물리학회 2003 Current Applied Physics Vol.3 No.2, 3
A newly synthesized low molar mass liquid crystal having a exible mesogenic group attached to methylene siloxane exhibitingsmectic A phase has been used as a host for 2% (wt./wt.) dichroic dyes. The electro-optic properties of these guesthost mixtureshave been studied as a function of temperature, frequency and the applied voltage. At low frequency (K 1 Hz), turbulent scatteringtexture was induced inuenced by conduction mechanism. This texture was transformed to a clear homeotropic state due to di-> 2 kHz). These materials have shown storage eects similar tomonomeric and polymer smectogens. The eects of dichroic dyes on the electro-optic performances have been discussed. Thesesystems are expected to prove functional materials for electronic displays.. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Morel, Patrick C.H.,Melai, J.,Eady, S.L.,Coles, G.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.11
Generally, dietary fibre (DF) includes lignin, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starch (RS). In monogastric species, low levels of dietary fibre in the diet are associated with various diseases and high levels reduce nutrient digestibilities. In this study, the effects of different types and levels of NSP (soluble: $\beta$-glucan, insoluble cellulose) and resistant starch on mucin secretion and endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses in pigs were investigated. A total of 25 five-week-old weaner pigs (9.5 kg${\pm}$1.5 kg), were randomly allocated to each of five experimental diets. Different levels of purified barley $\beta$-glucan (BG) extract (5 or 10% of $Glucagel^{(R)}$ $\beta$-glucan, providing 4 or 8% of BG in the diet), and resistant starch (RS) (8.3 or 16.6% of Hi-$Maize^{TM}$, providing 5 or 10% RS in the diet) were substituted for wheat starch in a purified diet in which enzymatically-hydrolysed casein was the sole source of protein. The diets were fed for 21 days. No statistically significant difference between treatments (p>0.05) was observed for growth performance and organs weights. No difference in ileal starch digestibility was observed between pigs on the cellulose or $\beta$-glucan diets. However, as the level of resistant starch in the diet increased the ileal starch digestibility decreased (p<0.05). The inclusion of resistant starch in the diet (5 or 10%) did not increase mucin production when compared with the cellulose-only diet. However, as the level of beta-glucan in the diet increased, both crude mucin in the digesta dry matter and per kg dry matter intake increased (p<0.05). Pigs fed the diet containing 8% of beta-glucan had higher endogenous loss flow than those fed the diets including 5 or 10% of resistant starch or 4% of $\beta$-glucan. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of resistant starch increased the level of starch reaching the large intestine without any effect on mucin secretion, or endogenous nitrogen or amino acid losses content in the small intestine. The addition of $\beta$-glucan to a diet containing cellulose increases both mucin secretion and endogenous amino acid and nitrogen losses in the small intestine.
영국경찰모델을 통한 아동성학대사건수사의 경찰형사사법개입과 시사점
Cole, Bankole;최관 경찰대학교 2007 경찰학연구 Vol.7 No.3
The purpose of this paper is to attempt a developmental plan for Criminal Justice Intervention by the Police in Child Sexual Abuse cases, using the British Police as a framework. The paper presents a developmental plan in three areas: (a) the expansion of the concept of child sexual abuse (b) the need for a multi-agency investigation team and (c) the need to support victims, witnesses and the investigative teams in the process of child sexual abuse investigation. The paper argues that (a) through the expansion of the concept of child sexual abuse, the police would be in a better position to protect children from various sexually abusive and anti-social behaviors (b) by encouraging cooperation between the agencies in the investigation process, police is in a position to investigate child sexual abuse and confront both its characteristics and transcendental situations more effectively and(c) Police have to make rules to support victims, witnesses and the investigative teams of child sexual abuse.
Mechanism and Rates of Zinc Corrosion in Tropical Countries
Cole, I. S.,Ganther, W. D.,Furman, S. A.,Neufeld, A. K.,Lau, D.,Chotimongkol, L.,Bhamornsut, C.,Purwardia, S.,Hue, N. V.,Bernardo, S. 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.6
A five-nation study has investigated the rate and mechanism of atmospheric corrosion of zinc in Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, The Philippines and Indonesia. During this study, 18 sites were established in these countries including severe marine, marine, severe industrial, industrial, marine/industrial, urban and highland sites. At each location, zinc plates were exposed for three-month periods and for one year. Further, a wide range of climatic and surface response parameters was measured at each location including gaseous SOx and NOx, airborne salinity, RH and temperature, rainwater composition, surface temperature and time of wetness (TOW). Exposed plates were used to determine mass loss, the nature of corrosion products (using FTIR and SEM-EDS) and the morphology of the corrosion layers (via SEM-EDS). Laboratory experiments were also carried out to elucidate the factors controlling oxide formation and stability. Regression analysis indicated that the prime factors controlling zinc corrosion were climatic (temperature and rainfall) and surface response (TOW), and surprisingly not pollutant levels. This was despite a high levels of variation in SOx levels across the sites. The possible reasons for this observation are discussed.
Predictors of Re-participation in Faecal Occult Blood Test-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Cole, Stephen R.,Gregory, Tess,Whibley, Alex,Ward, Paul,Turnbull, Deborah,Wilson, Carlene,Flight, Ingrid,Esterman, Adrian,Young, Graeme P. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12
Background: There is little information on longitudinal patterns of participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or on demographic or behavioural factors associated with participation in re-screening. The lack of an agreed system for describing participatory behaviour over multiple rounds also hampers our ability to report, understand and make use of observed associations. Our aims were to develop a system for describing patterns of participatory behaviour in FOBT-based CRC screening programs and to identify factors associated with particular behavioural patterns. Methods: A descriptive framework was developed and applied to a data extract of screening invitation outcomes over two rounds of the NBCSP. The proportion of invitees in each behaviour category was determined and associations between behaviour patterns and demographic and program factors were identified using multivariate analyses. Results: We considered Re-Participants, Dropouts, Late Entrants and Never Participants to be the most appropriate labels for the four possible observed participatory categories after two invitation rounds. The screening participation rate of the South Australian cohort of the NBCSP remained stable over two rounds at 51%, with second round Dropouts (10.3%) being balanced by Late Entrants (10.5%). Non-Participants comprised 38.7% of invitees. Relative to Re-Participants, Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, of lower SES, had changed their place of residence between offers had a positive test result in the first round. Late Entrants tended to be in the youngest age band. Conclusions: Specific demographic characteristics are associated with behavioural sub-groups defined by responses to 2 offers of CRC screening. Targeted group-specific strategies could reduce dropout behaviour or encourage those who declined the first invitation to participate in the second round. It will be important to keep first round participants engaged in order to maximise the benefit of a CRC screening program.
Building Environmental Assessment in a Global Market
Cole, Raymond J. Sustainable Building Research Center 2010 International journal of sustainable building tech Vol.1 No.1
The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of building environmental assessment methods by countries worldwide for application within their respective domestic markets. However, the demand for "brand recognition" in a global market, the desire for international standards, the emergence of the World Green Building Council and other organizational alliances, and the motivation of the organizations to expand the adoption of their respective systems abroad, are among many of the forces driving toward the increased international use of the two most established methods - LEED(R) and BREEAM. This paper examines the development of this phenomenon of the expanding the international use and adoption of the BREEAM and LEED(R).