역사적 제도주의의 관점에서 박정희 정부의 국회의원 선거제도 분석

정태일 ( Chung Tae-il ),김연회 ( Kim Yean-hoy ) 한국정치사회연구소 2023 한국과 국제사회 Vol.7 No.6

본 연구는 역사적 제도주의를 활용해 박정희 정부의 국회의원 선거제도를 생성 과정, 지속 과정, 조정 과정, 변화 과정으로 검토하고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생성 과정이다. 권력장악을 위한 정당추천제, 소선거구제, 제1당에 유리한 전국구 배분 원칙이 적용된 국회의원선거법은 집권당에게 득표율 대비 의석률에 유리하였다. 둘째, 지속 과정이다. 제1당에 유리한 국회의원선거법이 유지되면서 집권당의 일당 우위정당체제는 더욱 강화되었다. 셋째, 조정 과정이다. 기존 선거제도에서 의석수의 확대, 등록기간의 축소, 배분 제한조건의 강화 등 변화가 있었고, 집권 세력에 대한 국민의 저항으로 제1야당은 집권당을 견제할 수 있게 되었다. 넷째, 변화 과정이다. 집권위기에 직면한 집권세력은 중선거구제를 도입하여 지역선거구에서 국회의 과반수 의석을 확보하였다. 박정희 정부에서 제1당은 이득비와 보너스율에서 이득을, 제2당은 제9대 국회의원선거를 제외하면 이득비와 보너스율에서 손해를 보았다. 박정희 정부의 국회의원 선거제도는 제1당에 유리한 양당 체제를 강화하였으나 집권세력이 권력창출, 권력유지, 권력연장, 영구집권을 위해 국회의원 선거제도를 도구로 활용했다는 비판에 직면하였다. Using historical institutionalism, There will examine The national assembly election system of Park Chung-Hee government as the process of creation, continuation, adjustment, and change. First, the creation process of the National Assembly Election Act, which applied the single-member district system, political party recommendation system, and national district distribution principle favorable to the first party, was advantageous to the ruling party in terms of seat rate compared to vote rate. Second, in the process of continuation, the National Assembly Election Act for the first party was maintained, which is strengthening the ruling party's one-party superiority party system. Third, there were changes in the number of seats, registration period, and distribution restrictions in adjustment process, but the public resistance to the ruling forces led the first opposition party to check the ruling party. Fourth, in the process of change, the ruling party that introduced multi-member district system secured a majority of seats in the National Assembly in local constituencies. The national assembly election system of Park Chung-Hee administration was negative effects that the ruling power used the national assembly election system as a tool to create power, maintain power, extend power, and permanently power.

Water-soluble Genistin Glycoside Isoflavones Upregulate Antioxidant Metallothionein Expression and Scavenge Free Radicals

Chung, Mi-Ja,Kang, Ah-Young,Jun, Hee-Jin,Kim Sang-Yeon,Moon, Tae-Hwa,Park, Kwan-Hwa,Lee, Sung-Joon 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

농촌인의 건강실태에 관한 연구

정동춘,정성태,장창현,전태원 師範大學 體育硏究所 1993 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health condition of rural area adults. To accomplish this purpose 98 adults were drawn from 2 different rural areas such as Chungnam and Junbook, and their health condition were examined. The data from these people were compared with those of 108 Seoul residents. The main findings of this study were as followings; 1. Neuralgia was the commonest disease in rural area adults, followed by Rheumatism, waist pain, and heart problem. 2. About 62% of rural area adults indicated that their average sleeping time was less than 7 hours per day. 3. About 48% of rural area male adults indicated that their daily labor was generally “severe,”while 61.3% of female adults said in the same way. 4. The blood pressure value of rural area males was 124/73 ㎜Hg, while that of urban area males was 114/77 ㎜Hg. 5. The values of GOT and GPT were higher in rural area males than in rural area females. 6. the value of cholestrol was lower in rural area adults than in urban area adults.

Targeting Multiple Myeloma Cell Death with Polyphenol EGCG

Tae‐Hoon Lee,Hee‐Young Yang,Hoon‐In Choi,Ung Yang,Kyoung‐Jin Chung,Lina Ren 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

(‐)‐Epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant polyphenol in green tea that acts as an anticancer agent via both direct and indirect pathways. Although the relationship between EGCG’s anticancer effects and its antioxidant activity is not fully understood, it is known that EGCG stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress leading to cell death. In IM9 multiple myeloma cells, EGCG acted in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner to induce apoptotic cell death. Among the antioxidant enzymes expressed in IM9 cells, levels of peroxiredoxin (Prdx) V were selectively and significantly reduced by EGCG. Moreover, the ROS scavenger NAC completely inhibited EGCG‐induced apoptosis and PrdxV reduction, while overexpression of PrdxV, but not a PrdxVC48S mutant, protected IM9 cells from EGCG‐induced apoptosis. EGCG‐induced reductions in cell viability and PrdxV levels were also observed in primary CD138+ multiple myeloma cells from patients. These results suggest that PrdxV is a key target via which EGCG mediates its anticancer effects.

PID제어를 이용한 Chamber의 냉방제어 시뮬레이션

정태상,황광성,김태규,김유영,정기환 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2003 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.10

A cooling system of chamber is universally appliable with simple ON-OFF control algorithm. It has such disadvantages as having a delay for response time. To solve the above problem, we propose establishing the mathematical model of cooling system for chamber, simulating it with PID control algorithm and evaluating performance tests for control algorithm respectively.

Effect of Developmental Lead Exposure on the Expression of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunit mRNA

Kim, Tae-Wan,Chung, In-Sung,Bae, Jae-Hoon,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Joon-Sik 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: in vivo 및 vitro에서 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연 폭로 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 흰쥐 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 NR2A, NR2B 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연의 영향은 정상군과 연 폭로군의 출생 후 7일, 14일, 22일 흰쥐의 해마에서 in situ hybridization으로 mRNA 발현 정도를 densitometer로 측정하여 비교하였고, 연과 NMDA 의 세포독성은 해마 신경세포 일차배양 후 도립현미경을 이용한 형태학적인 관찰과 LDH 활성도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 연 과 NMDA 에 의한 세포독성에 대한 in vitro 실험에서 형태학적 소견과 LDH 활성도에서 해마 미성숙 신경세포와 성숙 신경세포사이의 차이가 있었으므로, 연과 NMDA 독성효과는 해마 신경세포의 발달 단계에 따라 차이가 있다. 정상군의 해마에서의 NR2A mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나, NR2B mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나 NR2B mRNA 발현은 연령의 증가에 따른 변화가 없었다. 연 폭로에 희한 NR2A mRNA 발현은 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05), NR2B mRNA 발현은 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 만성적 연 폭로는 NR2A를 포함하는 NMDA 수용체를 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론: 연은 해마신경세포의 발생단계에서 NMDA 수용체 아단위 특히 NR2A mRNA 발현의 변화를 야기하여 시냅스 신호 전달에 영향을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. Hippocampus

형질전환을 위한 청치마의 재분화 체계확립

박태성(Tae Sung Park),조동욱(Dong Wook Cho),진명호(Myung Ho Jean),정규환(Kyu Hwan Chung) 한국원예학회 2000 원예과학기술지 Vol.18 No.5

玉胚芽油 사용시 小型디젤機關의 運轉性能에 關한 硏究

金泰圭,鄭鳳守,黃光性,金明奎,鄭泰相,愼英喆 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1991 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to figure out the engine performance of corn oil as a diesel engine fuels. corn oil-diesel fuel mixtures in 3 type proportions were tested in a single cylinder diesel test engine. The automatic and successive data for engine performance obtained by microcomputer-measuring system. The results of experiment summarized as follows 1. The viscosity reduction ratio of corn oil was approximately 80% when the temperature raised from 10℃ to 60℃. 2. The maximum torque and maximum power out were decreased with increasing of the amount of corn oil in the mixture, it was considered of the lower specific heat value of corn oil comparative to diesel fuel. 3. In view of fuel consumption and thermal efficiency tested engine with corn oil-diesel fuel blends showed better performance at heavy loads and at high speeds.

한국 내륙지방 충주ㆍ중원지역 학동의 치아우식발생빈도에 관한 통계학적 연구

이종갑,정태형 大韓小兒齒科學會 1984 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

1,840 school children aged 6 to 13 years who live in inland area in CHOONG CHUNG BUKDO were surveyed epidemiologically on the dental caries prevalence. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of dental carries was 76.35 percentage in male, 76.15 percentage in female, and 76.25 percentage in both sexes. 2. d.m.f rate was 77.72 percentage in male, 80.07 percentage in female, and 78.86 percentage in both sexes. D.M.F rate was 30.73 percentage in male, 38.52 percentage in female, and 34.51 percentage in both sexes. 3. d.m.f.t. rate and index was 27.94 percentage, 2.55T, and d.m.f.s. rate & index was 13.62 percentage, 6.22T. 4. D.M.F.T rate & index in permanent teeth was 4.86 percentage, 0.72T, and D.M.F.S rate & index was 1.20 percentage, 0.89T. 5. The filling rate was 3.90 percentage in decidious teeth, 2.00 percentage in permanent teeth.

창의융합 교과목 개발을 위한 대학생의 창의융합역량 차이 비교 및 분석

김정연 ( Kim Chung-yun ),태진미 ( Tae Jin-mi ) 한국통합교육과정학회 2017 통합교육과정연구 Vol.11 No.4

최근 대학생 창의융합역량의 중요성을 인식하고 창의융합역량을 강화하기 위한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 한편, 선행연구들은 창의역량에 융합을 포함시키거나 융합역량에 창의역량을 통합해 창의융합역량을 개념화 하였다. 그러나 이러한 견해들은 창의성과 융합을 별개의 구인으로 접근하기 때문에, 창의융합역량에 대한 총체적 이해를 바탕으로 창의융합을 실현하기 위한 능력과 태도, 사고방식 등을 촉진시키는데 한계가 있을 수 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 김정연(2016)이 개발하고 타당화한 창의융합역량 측정도구를 활용하여, 대학생의 창의융합역량을 비교 및 분석하였다. 구체적으로 대학생의 성, 학년, 전공 및 소속대학의 소재 지역에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지를 조사하여, 대학생을 위한 창의융합 교과목 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구의 결과로, 첫째, 남학생의 평균점수가 여학생보다 높았으며, 창의적 능력, 융합적 가치 창출 및 창의융합역량에서만 성별의 차이가 유의미하게 나타났다. 둘째, 학년에 따라 창의융합역량의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 3학년과 4학년이 1학년과 2학년에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 전공에 따라 창의융합역량의 차이가 있었으며, 공학 및 예체능계열의 대학생들이 인문, 사회, 상경, 자연계열의 학생들에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 지역별로 창의융합역량의 차이는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 성, 학년 및 전공의 차이를 고려하여 차별화된 창의융합 교과목이 구안될 필요성을 시사한다. Recently, studies are increasing to recognize the importance of creativity convergence competency of university students and strengthen it. On the other hand, previous researches have conceptualized creativity convergence competency by incorporating convergence into creativity competency or integrating creativity competency into convergence competency. However, since these perspectives regard creativity and convergence as each separate construct, there is a limit to promoting the ability, attitude, and a way of thinking to realize creativity convergence based on the overall understanding of the creativity convergence competency. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed creativity convergence competency of university students, using a creativity convergence competency test developed and validated by Kim, Chung-Yun(2016). The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of creativity convergence competency by students' gender, grade, major, and area of a university, and to provide basic data for developing creativity convergence instructions for university students. As a result of this study, first, it was found that an average grade of male students was statistically meaningfully higher than that of female students in creative ability, convergent value creation and creativity convergence competency. Second, there was a difference according to the grade and creativity convergence competency of the third and fourth graders was statistically meaningfully higher than that of the first and second graders. Third, there was a difference according to major and creativity convergence competency of university students who specialized in engineering and arts was significantly higher than that of students whose major was humanities, society, business, and natural science. Fourth, the difference of creativity convergence competency by region was not statistically significant. There is an implication that differentiated creativity convergence instructions should be developed, considering gender, grade, and major based on this result.