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Light-Emitting Diode-Assisted Narrow Band Imaging Video Endoscopy System in Head and Neck Cancer
Hsin-Jen Chang,Wen-Hung Wang,Yen-Liang Chang,Tzuan-Ren Jeng,Chun-Te Wu,Ludovic Angot,Chun-Hsing Lee,Pa-Chun Wang 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.2
Background/Aims: To validate the effectiveness of a newly developed light-emitting diode (LED)-narrow band imaging (NBI) system for detecting early malignant tumors in the oral cavity. Methods: Six men (mean age, 51.5 years) with early oral mucosa lesions were screened using both the conventional white light and LED-NBI systems. Results: Small elevated or ulcerative lesions were found under the white light view, and typical scattered brown spots were identified after shifting to the LED-NBI view for all six patients. Histopathological examination confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical stage was early malignant lesions (T1), and the patients underwent wide excision for primary cancer. This is the pilot study documenting the utility of a new LED-NBI system as an adjunctive technique to detect early oral cancer using the diagnostic criterion of the presence of typical scattered brown spots in six high-risk patients. Conclusions: Although large-scale screening programs should be established to further verify the accuracy of this technology, its lower power consumption, lower heat emission, and higher luminous efficiency appear promising for future clinical applications.
( Chun-chi Lin ),( Shu-chen Wei ),( Been-ren Lin ),( Wen-sy-tsai ),( Jinn-shiun Chen ),( Tzu-chi Hsu ),( Wei-chen Lin ),( Tien-yu Huang ),( Te-hsin Chao ),( Hung-hsin Lin ),( Jau-min Wong ),( Jen-kou 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.3
Background/Aims: With the recent progress in medical treatment, surgery still plays a necessary and important role in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. In this study, we analyzed the surgical results and outcomes of UC in Taiwan in the recent 20 years, via a multi-center study through the collaboration of Taiwan Society of IBD. Methods: A retrospective analysis of surgery data of UC patients from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2014, in 6 Taiwan major medical centers was conducted. The patients’ demographic data, indications for surgery, and outcome details were recorded and analyzed. Results: The data of 87 UC patients who received surgical treatment were recorded. The median post-operative follow-up duration was 51.1 months and ranged from 0.4 to 300 months. The mean age at UC diagnosis was 45.3±16.0 years and that at operation was 48.5±15.2 years. The 3 leading indications for surgical intervention were uncontrolled bleeding (16.1%), perforation (13.8%), and intractability (12.6%). In total, 27.6% of surgeries were performed in an emergency setting. Total or subtotal colectomy with rectal preservation (41.4%) was the most common operation. There were 6 mortalities, all due to sepsis. Emergency operation and low pre-operative albumin level were significantly associated with poor survival (P =0.013 and 0.034, respectively). Conclusions: In the past 20 years, there was no significant change in the indications for surgery in UC patients. Emergency surgeries and low pre-operative albumin level were associated with poor survival. Therefore, an optimal timing of elective surgery for people with poorly controlled UC is paramount.
Determination of Geographical Origin of Tea using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( I-chun Tung ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-kun Chuang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Every tea has its own aroma and flavor characteristics due to geographic differences in environment and climate. Oolong tea, a very popular kind of partial fermentation tea in Taiwan, is generally more expensive and enjoyable. While tea leaves produced from the other countries are generally cheaper and not easily discernible, many stores mainly use cheaper tea leaves which are imported from Vietnam, India, and China, where adulteration and counterfeit may happen in tea market. To date, determination of geographical origin of tea is mainly depends on sensory evaluation, which lacks of objectivity in science. Therefore, determination of geographical origin of tea is necessary. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive analytical method which has become a powerful tool by associating with chemometrics for food industry. In the present study, the quality-related constituents of tea, including total polyphenols, total free amino acids, pH value, and water were evaluated by NIRS with modified partial least square regression (MPLSR). The calibration models built by MPLSR showed satisfied results. For total polyphenols, the results of the calibration model were Rc = 0.983 and SEC = 4.268 mg/g. The results of free amino acids were R<sub>c</sub> = 0.913 and SEC = 3.368 mg/g. The results of pH value were R<sub>c</sub> = 0.972 and SEC = 0.105. The results of moisture were R<sub>c</sub> = 0.969 and SEC = 0.470 %. To identify the geographical origin of tea, the qualitative method of support vector machine (SVM) will also be applied in this study. The SVM result of identify the partially fermented tea origins was achieved and the accuracies for calibration and prediction sets were both 100%. In summary, NIRS associated with chemometrics provides a useful tool for internal quality inspection and origin identification of tea.
I Chun Ma,Kao Chin Chen,Wei Tseng Chen,Hsin Chun Tsai,Chien-Chou Su,Ru-Band Lu,Po See Chen,Wei Hung Chang,Yen Kuang Yang 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.4
Objective: Hospitalization of patients with delirium after visiting the emergency department (ED) is often required. However, the readmission risk after discharge from the ED should also be considered. This study aimed to explore whether (i) immediate hospitalization influences the readmission risk of patients with delirium; (ii) the readmission risk is affected by various risk factors; and (iii) the healthcare cost differs between groups within 28 days of the first ED visit. Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Research Database, the data of 2,780 subjects presenting with delirium at an ED visit from 2000 to 2008 were examined. The readmission risks of the groups of patients (i.e., patients who were and were not admitted within 24 hours of an ED visit) within 28 days were compared, and the effects of the severities of different comorbidities (using Charlson’s comorbidity index, CCI), age, gender, diagnosis and differences in medical healthcare cost were analyzed. Results: Patients without immediate hospitalization had a higher risk of readmission within 3, 7, 14, or 28 days of discharge from the ED, especially subjects with more severe comorbidities (CCI≥3) or older patients (≥65 years). Subjects with more severe comorbidities or older subjects who were not admitted immediately also incurred a greater healthcare cost for re-hospitalization within the 28-day follow-up period. Conclusion: Patients with delirium with a higher CCI or of a greater age should be carefully considered for immediate hospitalization from ED for further examination in order to reduce the risk of re-hospitalization and cost of healthcare.
劉馨珺(Hsin-Chun Liu) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2020 역사문화연구 Vol.73 No.-
The purposes of this research consist of the study on imitated judgment (Ni pan) in Tang Dynasty, and survey of the construction of knowledge, life custom and education about law at the same period. We can find from the finest blossoms in the garden of literature (Wen-yuan-ying-hua) that there are fifty volumes of imitated judgments, which, on a whole, have come into a huge amount of 1062 articles of issues. Imitated judgment, mainly inclusive of judging article and judging content, is not only the collective information base applied for examination, but also the acknowledged answers to these issues. According to the principle on length, depth, and elaboration, the essential logic as well as rhetoric conveyed from imitated judgments comprised elements of induction and deduction, the transformation of typical classics, and the ideal etiquette. This research will together current analysis with historical document survey on law and education. In addition to legislative plan, original legislative source and sequential evolution, we will observe and examine the “interaction” of law and its surrounding environment, such as outside society, historic factors, and particular events. As saying goes, circumstances alter cases. “Law reform” and “the occurrence of legislation” go hand in hand, and without them any maintenance of human institution concerned with politic and society is temporary, because there is nothing make it last. In other hand, the analytical measures will focus on two aspects: 1. What is the law education about in Tang dynasty, especially in which style how the pupils had been trained for the entrance examination in judicature department? The influence on Enlightenment book (Meng-qiu) will be generalized since the Tang Dynasty. As far as the formation of knowledge systems of scholars and judging contents are concerned, “Classics”, “History”, and Mengqiu Elementary School are all education sources. Even if the judging contents fail to clearly point out the law, the legal knowledge of scholars may not yet obscure. Using articles of law is the final measures. 2. What is the attained educational cause form law training course in Tang dynasty, particularly what kinds of legislative opinions we can grasp from the 16 series of articles in “Shi-xue-men” and what sorts of lessons we can learn from Tang-middle-age disciples? Starting from the disciplines of law education, we can discover the specific relation between tutors and pupils furthermore. Surveying historical documents in past through current analytical methods, we learn a lot lessons and apply them easily in the near future. Escaping from filling up all the mighty void of sense; instead, we step into “the dialogue with future”. The main materials are from the finest blossoms in the garden of literature, along with Bai-Dao legal precedent created by Bai Ju-yi and Lung-tsing-fong-sui Judgements (Lung tsing fong sui pan). In comparison with the collection of virtuous and brightness verdicts by famous judges of ancient china (Ming gong shu pan qing ming ji), the relative law documents such as Tang Code (Tang lu), Tiansheng Statutes (Tian sheng ling) are concerned. To sum up, the projects intend to find out how to constitute honest judges and how a judge can achieve justice, goodness and fulfill the original purpose of legislation in Tang dynasty. Besides the correlations between law examination and law practice are also discussed in the essay. In terms of the judging article and ritual law education of“Shi-xue-men”, inclusive of four items: gathering of teachers and social security, daily etiquette of student, etiquette of scholars and government officials, and the division of academic careers of scholars. If the scholar is involved in a trial, his identity is the same as the official. Etiquette is the most important rule of life. 이 연구는 당대의 모의재판자료 즉 ‘擬判’을 통해서 당대 사인의 법률지식과 생활교육에 대해서 검토해보았다. 『문원영화』에는 50권의 당대 의판 관련 기록이 수록되어 있는데, 총 1062건에 관한 것이다. 이들 당대 판결문[唐判]은 考試의 산물로서, 判文은 判題와 判詞 두 부분으로 구성되며, 사인들의 예상문제에 대한 해답이라 할 수 있다. 수험생들의 의판은 사인들이 필히 갖추어야하는 덕목인 身言書判에서 文理가 뛰어나야 한다는 요구를 구비해야 하는데, 이른바 ‘문리’라는 것은 논리적인 추론과 사례 운용, 예법사상 등을 포괄한다. 이 연구는 법률사와 교육사적인 분석을 시도하였다. 당대 의판에 보이는 법령에 대해서, 내재적 法意와 연원 · 연혁 외에도, 법과 사회 · 역사적 환경 · 특수사건 사이의 상호작용에 대해서도 고찰해보았다. 논문의 연구목적은 두 가지로 나눠볼 수 있는데, 첫 번째는 당대 법률교육 특히 사인들이 시험에 응시하고 답안을 작성하기까지, 당대교육이 어떤 기초훈련을 제공했는지 살펴보았다. 『蒙求』와 같은 계몽서적의 유전과 영향을 추적해보았다. 判詞와 응시생의 지식체계의 형성에 관해서는, 『經』 · 『史』와 훈몽소학의 교육적 내원을 갖는 판문(판결문)은 명확하게 법률을 제시하지 못하더라도, 수험생의 법률지식이 취약하게 드러난 것으로 보지 않았다. 역대로 관원들의 審案에 있어서 법률조목의 운용은 최후의 수단이었기 때문이다. 두 번째는 判題에 드러나는 생활교육에 대한 부분인데, 특히 「師學門」 16건의 판결에 보이는 법률문제가 무엇인지 검토해보았다. 주제를 당대 중기이전의 생활규범까지 확대하여 논의해보면서, 사생의 법률관계와 한계에 대해서도 관찰해보았다. 마지막으로 관원들이 소송처리 능력의 함양 그리고 고시제도와 실무통치능력의 관련성에 대해서도 심층적으로 논의해보았다. <師學門>의 판제와 예법교육에 대해서는, 教師聚衆과 사회안전, 학생 일상의례, 사인과 공인의 예의 그리고 사인 구학과 구관의 한계 등 네 가지 항목에 대해서 분석해보았다. 사인들이 만약 審判에 관련되면, 신분은 관인과 같아지며, 禮는 가장 중요한 생활법칙이었다. 本研究從唐代的 「擬判」 著手, 以建構唐朝士人的法律知識與生活教育。《文苑英華》中有50卷唐代 「擬判」, 共計1062道。這些 「唐判」 是考試的產物, 判文分成判題與判詞二大部分, 乃是士子們模擬考題的作答。考生的擬判必須具備身言書判的 「文理優長」 之要求, 所謂 「文理」 包括邏輯推論、典故運用及禮法思想。 本研究是進行法律史與教育史的分析。唐代擬判中所見的 「法」 令, 除了內在的法意、淵源與沿革, 也考察 「法」 與外在社會、歷史環境及特殊事件的互動作用。研究目的有二, 一是要探討唐代的法律教育, 尤其究竟唐人的教育提供士子們應試作答基礎訓練為何?歸納唐代以來如《蒙求》的童蒙書籍流傳與影響。就判詞與考生的知識體系形成而言, 《經》、《史》與蒙求小學的教育來源, 判詞即使未能明確指出法律, 不見得考生的法律知識就顯薄弱, 歷來官員審案, 法條運用是最後手段。二是判題所呈現的生活教育, 特別是<師學門>的16道判所見的法律問題為何?延伸討論唐朝中期前的 「生活」 規範, 進而觀察師生的法律關係與分際。最終企望深度探討官員在 「獄訟」 能力的養成, 以及考試制度與實務治理的關聯性。就<師學門>的判題與禮法教育而言, 包括教師聚眾與社會安全、學生日常儀禮、士人與公人的禮儀, 以及士人求學仕宦的分際等四項。士人若涉審判, 其身分與官人相同, 而且禮是最重要的生活法則。
Research on Near Infrared Spectroscopy Application for Aflatoxin Testing on Rice
( I-chun Tung ),( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-kun Chuang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Rice is one of the most important staple food in the world. In many countries, environments with high temperature/humidity may provide favorable conditions for fungal propagation and production of aflatoxins during rice storage. Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), one of the secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is particularly carcinogenic to humans. People might very likely cause severe illness once rice is contaminated by aflatoxins. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a nondestructive method for rapid and accurate detection of the AFB<sub>1</sub> content in rice. In the present study, evaluation of AFB<sub>1</sub> contaminated rice were conducted by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique with chemometrics. NIR Spectra and the AFB<sub>1</sub> contents of the artificially contaminated rice samples were measured by FOSS NIRS 6500 spectrometer and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Modified partial least square regression (MPLSR), a commonly used multivariate analysis method was then used to build calibration models. In summary, NIRS associated with chemometrics could provide a useful tool for rapid and accurate detection of AFB<sub>1</sub> content in rice.
Quadrature Oscillators with Grounded Capacitors and Resistors Using FDCCIIs
Jiun-Wei Horng,Chun-Li Hou,Chun-Ming Chang,Hung-Pin Chou,Chun-Ta Lin,Yao-Hsin Wen 한국전자통신연구원 2006 ETRI Journal Vol.28 No.4
Two current-mode and/or voltage-mode quadrature oscillator circuits each using one fully-differential secondgeneration current conveyor (FDCCII), two grounded capacitors, and two (or three) grounded resistors are presented. In the proposed circuits, the current-mode quadrature signals have the advantage of high-output impedance. The oscillation conditions and oscillation frequencies are orthogonally (or independently) controllable. The current-mode and voltage-mode quadrature signals can be simultaneously obtained from the second proposed circuit. The use of only grounded capacitors and resistors makes the proposed circuits ideal for integrated circuit implementation. Simulation results are also included.
Pao-Huan Chen(Pao-Huan Chen),Chun-Ming Shih(Chun-Ming Shih),Chi-Kang Chang(Chi-Kang Chang),Chia-Pei Lin(Chia-Pei Lin),Yung-Han Chang(Yung-Han Chang),Hsin-Chien Lee(Hsin-Chien Lee),El-Wui Loh(El-Wui Lo 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2
Objective: Predicting disease relapse and early intervention could reduce symptom severity. We attempted to identify potential indicators that predict the duration to next admission for an acute affective episode in patients with bipolar I disorder. Methods: We mathematically defined the duration to next psychiatric admission and performed single-variate regressions using historical data of 101 patients with bipolar I disorder to screen for potential variables for further multivariate regressions. Results: Age of onset, total psychiatric admissions, length of lithium use, and carbamazepine use during the psychiatric hospitalization contributed to the next psychiatric admission duration positively. The all-in-one found that hyperlipidemia during the psychiatric hospitalization demonstrated a negative contribution to the duration to next psychiatric admission; the last duration to psychiatric admission, lithium and carbamazepine uses during the psychiatric hospitalization, and heart rate on the discharge day positively contributed to the duration to next admission. Conclusion: We identified essential variables that may predict the duration of bipolar I patients’ next psychiatric admission. The correlation of a faster heartbeat and a normal lipid profile in delaying the next onset highlights the importance of managing these parameters when treating bipolar I disorder.