용수 재이용을 위한 소규모 오수처리시설의 UV 소독시설에 관한 연구

윤춘경,정광욱,함종화 建國大學校附設農業資源開發硏究所 2002 農資源開發論集 Vol.24 No.-

Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to the design of ultraviolet disinfection system for water reclamation are reviewed and discussed. The high inactivation of total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by UV disinfection was demonstrated, and the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli were 97%, 98% and 99%, respectively. Within the range of 0.3∼0.4m Ws/cm, the effect of UV does on the inactivation ratio was not observed. However, in the highest wattage of UV lamp, 39W, the inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli was 100%, regardless of the UV does so the UV density was more effective on inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli rather than UV does. Under the 0.4 mWs/cm and 16W of UV lamp, the effect of dissolved organic matter and turbidity on the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli could not be observed in this study within the range of 0∼32mg/L and 0-40 NTU, respectively. The effect of suspended solid is Tc, FC and E.coli observed liner equation y=305.03x-3697, y=186.14x-2509.5, y=152.96x-1976.5(r^=0.51, 0.69, 0.80) respectively. Suspended solid is the most important factor for design of the UV disinfection system.

발달장애유아의 언어행동발달 연구

김춘희,변찬석,서경희,유은정,이효신,전헌선,최성규 大邱大學校 特殊敎育·再活科學硏究所 2000 特殊敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문은 발달장애유아 언어행동발달 컨텐츠 개발에 요구되는 기초연구로써 연구의 이론적 바탕을 확립하고자 하였다. 연구에 사용된 방법은 문헌조사 방법 및 현장 인터뷰기법을 병행하였다. 본 연구의 주된 목적은 크게 3가지로 구분된다. 첫째, 발달장애유아의 가정 내 교육 욕구를 분석하고자 하였다. 둘째, 발달장애유아의 언어발달 양상을 검토하고자 하였다. 세 번째 목적은 유아의 언어행동발달 컨텐츠 구성의 주요 지침을 설정하고자 하였다. 이상의 연구목적에 따른 연구결과를 요약하면 다음 몇 가지로 제시된다. 1.가정 내 부모-유아간 관계형성이 우선 고려 되어야하고, 이에 따른 상호작용은 발달적 애착형성이 가능한 방향으로 정립되어야한다. 2.발달장애유아의 언어행동발달양상을 검토한 결과에 따르면, Piaget는 언어행동발달에 있어 감각운동기적 환경탐색 기능을 강조하고 있고, 이는 현재까지 중요한 유아 발달의 기저로 정착되었다. 따라서, 발달장애유아의 언어행동발달을 위한 컨텐츠 개발 내용에 있어서도 이러한 기저에 충실함이 합리적이다. 3.발달장애유아들에게는 언어행동 양상의 갈래가 크게 운동장애 및 감각결함으로 나누어질 수 있으므로, 이 두 가지 갈래의 각기 다른 특성이 컨텐츠 구성에서 충분히 고려되어야한다. 4.자폐성과 같은 중증 전반적 발달장애 유아를 위한 언어행동발달 컨텐츠 구성에서 특히 고려해야 할 두 가지 요소는 모방행동기능과 반복단순훈련기능 향상으로 결론지을 수 있다. This article planed to establish the theoretical foundations of the research as a basic study needed for developing the contents of verbal(language) behavior development for the infants with developmental disabilities. The methods used in the study was previous literature researches and interviews with subjects. The purposes of the study were divided into three parts. First, it was to analyze the educational needs of the infants with developmental disabilities in home settings. Second, it was to review and discover the language patterns of the infants with developmental disabilities. The third purpose was to devise the major guidelines of their language development's contents. The results of the study were described as the followings. 1.The relationships between the infants with developmental disabilities and their parents and their interactions should move to build the developmental attachments between them. 2.According to the literature findings of their language development patterns, Piaget concentrated on the functions of sensory motor environmental exploring in the language behavior development. The functions have been settled down into the important foundation for the infants' development. Thus, it was resonable that the content's development of the language behaviors for the infants with developmental disabilities should based on the function addressed by Piaget. 3.The language behaviors' patterns of the infants with developmental disabilities generally were classified into motor disabilities and sensory defect(deficiency). Therefore, the two factors should be considered for the constructions of the contents. 4.Constructing the contents of the language behavior developments for the infants with severely pervasive developmental disabilities such as autism, the improvements of two functions, imitative behavior and repetitive simple training should be considered.

헤모글로빈의 Microencapsulation에 의한 인공적혈구의 산소전달과 용혈도에 관한 연구

나도춘,김기범,김성종,정경락 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2003 工學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

In this study, we tried to improve oxygen transfer rate and reduce pressure drop on intravascular lung assist device with microencapsulation of red blood cells, because microcapsulation of red cells reduce blood hemolysis. Hemoglobin was purified from outdated human red blood cells used. Phospholipid was purified from egg yolk. The hemosome was prepared by encapsulation of hemoglobin with phospholipid multilayer, using rotary vacuum evaporator. The function of hemosome and hemosome/blood mixed solution was tested by measuring oxygen dissociation curve using blood gas analyzer. Also we were measured about hemolysis of hemosome, hemosome/blood mixed solution and blood by absorptivity method. As a results, the oxygen dissociation curve of hemosome and hemosome/blood mixed solution showed the same figure as the curve of normal red blood cells. Also, the hemolysis of hemosome and hemosome/blood mixed solution was measured less than normal red blood cell. Therefore, the oxygen transfer rate showed high use of hemosome, and hemosome/blood mixed solution rather than normal blood. Because microen- capsulation of normal red blood cells prevent hemolysis of normal red blood cells.

관개방법에 따른 논에서의 수문 및 수질특성에 미치는 영향

전지홍,윤춘경,최진규,윤광식 한국육수학회 2005 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.1

관개방법이 논에서의 수문 및 수질특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 관개용수가 풍부한 지표수 관개지역과 관개용수가 부족한 지하수관개지역에서의 물수지 및 영양물질수지 분석을 실시하였다. 지표수 관개논은 영농기간동안 지속적으로 관개가 이루어졌으나, 지하수 관개논은 영농초기에만 이루어졌으며 그 이후에는 강우에 의해 담수심이 유지되어 지표유출은 지표수 관개논에 비해상대적으로 낮은 빈도를 나타내었다. 지표수의 영양물질 농도는 시비에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 다량의 시비가 이루어지는 영농초기(5~6월 중순)에는 높은 영양물질 농도를 나타내어 이 시기에 논에서 유출이 이루어진다면 하류 수계에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되었다. 물수지 분석결과 지하수 관개논의 관개량, 지표유출량 등이 상대적으로 지표수 관개논에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 영양물질수지분석 결과 대부분의 유입은 시비에 의해 이루어졌으며, 유출은 지표유출이 많은 비중을 차지하였으나 지표유출과 침투유출사이의 비율은 토양의 특성에 좌우되는 것으로 판단된다. 외부에서의 유입을 제외하고 시스템내에서의 유출입만 고려한다면, 물관리가 효율적으로 이루어진 지하수 관개논에서 낮은 부하량을 나타내었다. 그러나 기비가 이루어지고 인위적인 낙수나 강우에 의한 유출이 발생할 경우, 높은 부하량 뿐만 아니라 고농도의 영양물질질이 수계로 유입되는 것으로 나타났다. 논에서의 비점오염관리를 위한 대안으로 현재 시행되고 있는 시비량 감소 뿐 아니라, 효율적인 물관리기법 개발이 포함되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 영농초기의 강우특성과 논에서의 담수기능을 고려해 볼 때 시비에 의한 높은 영양물질 농도를 나타내는 논 표면수의 유출을 효율적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 물꼬높이의 증가와 천수간단관개 영농초기의 강우에 의한 유출을 억제시킴으로써 부족한 관개용수의 절약 뿐만아니라 하류수계의 수질보호에 기여를 할 것으로 판단되며, 다양한 조건에 따른 환경적인 측떤 뿐 아니라 벼의 생리적인 측면은 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 반드시 고려되어 야 할 것이다. The comparison of water balance and nutrient loading from paddy field with different irrigation management were carried out during 1999-2002 at two different sites; one is irrigated with groundwater and the other is irrigated with surface water. For the surface water irrigated paddy field, irrigation was performed continuously during growing season. Whereas, initial irrigation with groundwater was applied during initial growing season, and the ponded water depth was maintained by natural precipitation since initial irrigation. The runoff frequency of groundwater irrigated paddy field was less than that of surface water irrigated paddy field. The nutrient concentration of ponded water was high by fertilization at early cultural periods, so reducing surface drainage during fertilization period can reduce nutrient loading from paddy fields. Amount of irrigation water to surface water irrigated paddy field was higher than to groundwater irrigated paddy field and evapotranspiration was similar because it is influenced by climate. Overall input in and output from paddy field irrigated with goundwater were less than that with surface water. This study indicate that efficient water management can reduce surface drainage outflow, save water, and protect water quality. It might be important BMPs for paddy field.

혼합 계면활성제 시스템에서의 온도에 따른 점도 변화 효과

한동성,배상수,천은우,지경엽,조인식 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

In general, the viscosity of fluid increases as temperature decreases, and decreases as temperature increases. This phenomenon can be explained by decreasing mobility of molecules as temperature decreases. But, we found the opposite phenomenon that viscosity decreases as temperature decreases in particular mixed surfactant system. To analyze this phenomenon, various experiments have been proceeded such as composition (anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic surfactant), variation of zwitterion surfactants, structure of hydrophobic chains, structure of Hydrotrope, variation of pH. Conclusively, controlling the complex of zwitterion and anionic surfactant, we could control the viscosity of mixed surfactant system on variation of temperature. We analyzed this phenomenon theoretically, and then can complete "The technology of viscosity control by temperatre in micellar phase".

혈관 내 폐 보조장치에서의 기체교환속도의 향상

김기범,나도춘,김성종,정경락 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2003 工學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

We intended to develope an vibrating intravascular lung assist device(VIVLAD) in order to exchange of efficiently gas transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements for end-stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, the clinical study, concluded that more gas exchange was needed for intravascular oxygenation to be clinically effective in ARDS treatment. In this study, we tried to enhance gas exchange on the VIVLAD by using microencapsulation of hemoglobin, as the microencapsulation of hemoglobin reduces blood hemolysis, and perfluorocarbon emulsion(PFC emulsion). As a result, it was shown that the oxygen transfer of hemosome and blood/hemosome mixed solution were higher than that of whole blood. Also, it showed that the carbon dioxide transfer of whole blood/PFC emulsion mixed solution was higher than that of others. Therefore, we determined that hemosome and PFC emulsion could increase oxygen transfer and carbon dioxide transfer, respectively.

Material Leadership Development of the Early Church

( Gyeong Chun Choi ) 글로벌기독교세계관학회 2012 학문과기독교세계관 Vol.6 No.-

습지-연못 연계시스템에 의한 수질개선과 농업적 재이용 타당성 분석

윤춘경 ( Chun Gyeong Yoon ),장재호 ( Jae Ho Jang ),정광욱 ( Kwang Wook Jung ),함종화 ( Jong Hwa Ham ) 한국하천호수학회 2004 생태와 환경 Vol.37 No.3

A pilot study was performed from September 2000 to April 2004 to examine the feasibility of the wetland-pond system for the agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. The wetland system was a subsurface flow type, with a hydraulic residence time of 3.5 days, and the subsequent pond was 8 m3 in volume (2 m × 2 m × 2 m) and operated with intermittent-discharge and continuous flow types. The wetland system was effective in treating the sewage; median removal efficiencies of BOD5 and TSS were above 70.0%, with mean effluent concentrations of 27.1 and 16.8 mg L^(-1), respectively, for these constituents. However, they did often exceed the effluent water quality standards of 20 mg L^(-1). Removal of T-N and T-P was relatively less effective and mean effluent concentrations were approximately 103.2 and 7.2 mg L^(-1), respectively. The wetland system demonstrated high removal rate (92? 96%) of microorganisms, but effluent concentrations were in the range of 300? 16,000 MPN 100 mL^(-1) which is still high for agricultural reuse. The subsequent pond system provided further treatment of the wetland effluent, and especially additional microorganisms removal in addition to wetland-pond system could reduce the mean concentration to 1,000 MPN 100 mL^(-1) from about 106 MPN 100 mL^(-1) of wetland influent. Other parameters in the pond system showed seasonal variation, and the upper layer of the pond water column became remarkably clear immediately after ice melt. Overall, the wetland system was found to be adequate for treating sewage with stable removal efficiency, and the subsequent pond was effective for further polishing. This study concerned agricultural reuse of reclaimed water using natural systems. Considering stable performance and effective removal of bacterial indicators as well as other water quality parameters, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, wetland-pond system was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water in rural area.

A Comparison of the IAS and Langmuir Models for Multisolute Adsorption of Organic Compounds in Soil

윤춘경(Chun Gyeong Yoon) 한국지반공학회 1995 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.11 No.2

요한계시록의 선교적 리더십:

최경천(Gyeong chun Choi) 한국선교신학회 2017 선교신학 Vol.45 No.-

본 연구는 선교적 교회론이 도전하고 있는 “소비자 중심의 교회”를 만들어낸 산업시대 패러다임을 비평하고, 요한계시록의 어린양 리더십을 통해 발견되는 “관계적” 리더십 신학을 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 선교적 교회론이 정면으로 도전하고 있는 “소비자 중심의 교회”는 그 주요한 특성인 “거래적 방식”을 통해 교회의 본질을 성공적으로 파괴해왔다. 소비자 중심의 교회는 로스트(Joseph C. Rost)가 파악한 산업시대 패러다임의 연장선에 있으며 그 뿌리는 요한계시록 17장의 음녀의 특성을 관통하여 이사야 14장의 “아침의 아들 계명성”(14:12)으로 상징된 루스벨(Lucifer)의 정신까지 다다른다. 루스벨과 음녀는 둘 다 거래적 방식으로 리더십을 행사 또는 확보하고 있다. 선교적 교회론이 하나의 방법론이 아니라 교회의 본질을 회복하는 것이라는 반복된 주장은 “음녀”로 상징된 타락한 교회를 향하여 “거기서 나”(계 18:4)오라는 하늘의 외침과 일맥상통한다. 거래적 방식으로 지도력을 확보하고 힘과 권위를 행사하는 음녀의 활동은 요한계시록의 중심인 어린양의 리더십에 정면으로 대치된다. 상하계급구조(hierarchy) 속에서 더 높은 위치를 점하려는 루스벨의 태도는 기독교왕국(Christendom)으로 특징되는 교회역사의 정점마다 지도자들의 리더십을 통하여 때로는 노골적으로 때로는 교묘하게 드러났다. 그 결과 어린양의 이미지를 통해 십자가에서 계시되었던 하나님의 성품은 거래적 방식으로 우위를 점하려는 교회지도자들을 통해 심각하게 왜곡되었다. 요한계시록에 나타난 어린양의 리더십은 세속적인 리더십과 근본적으로 출발점이 다름을 보여주고 있다. 세속적 리더십 이론들이 “생산성”과 “효율성” 제고를 목표로 하고 있다면, 어린양의 리더십은 삼위일체 하나님 사이의 “관계”에 기초한 “사랑의 관계”에 기초하고 있다. 요한계시록은 관계중심의 선교적 리더십이 하나님의 선교에 참여하는 종말론적 교회의 특징이 되어야 함을 계시한다. This study aims to criticize the industrial paradigm which created a ‘consumer-driven church’ and to suggest a ‘relational’ leadership theology by exploring the Lamb’s leadership in the book of Revelation. The ‘consumer-driven church’ which is developed with the industrial paradigm has successfully destroyed the essence of Church by its ‘transactional ways’ of mission. The origin of the ‘consumer-driven church’ is rooted in the characteristics of “the harlot” in Revelation 17 and it is further connected to the character of Lucifer, “the morning star, the son of the dawn” in Isaiah 14. Both Lucifer and the harlot exert their leadership by transactional ways of behavior. This harlot’s leadership coveting power and authority through transactional ways directly contradict the Lamb’s leadership in Revelation. The characteristic of the Lamb’s leadership is ‘relational’ instead of ‘transactional.’ While the secular leadership theories pursue productivity and effectiveness, the relationship of Trinity shows a model of relational leadership. Missional church has to follow this ‘relational leadership’ described in Revelation to complete missio Dei.