Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines

Bolan, Shiv,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Seshadri, Balaji,Choppala, Girish,Naidu, Ravi,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Ok, Yong Sik,Zhang, Ming,Li, Chun-Guang,Li, Feng,Noller, Barry,Kirkham, Mary Beth Elsevier 2017 Environment international Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The last few decades have seen the rise of alternative medical approaches including the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines, which are collectively known as ‘Complementary medicines’. However, there are increasing concerns on the safety and health benefits of these medicines. One of the main hazards with the use of complementary medicines is the presence of heavy metal(loid)s such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). This review deals with the characteristics of complementary medicines in terms of heavy metal(loid)s sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and human risk assessment. The heavy metal(loid)s in these medicines are derived from uptake by medicinal plants, cross-contamination during processing, and therapeutic input of metal(loid)s. This paper discusses the distribution of heavy metal(loid)s in these medicines, in terms of their nature, concentration, and speciation. The importance of determining bioavailability towards human health risk assessment was emphasized by the need to estimate daily intake of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. The review ends with selected case studies of heavy metal(loid) toxicity from complementary medicines with specific reference to As, Cd, Pb, and Hg. The future research opportunities mentioned in the conclusion of review will help researchers to explore new avenues, methodologies, and approaches to the issue of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines, thereby generating new regulations and proposing fresh approach towards safe use of these medicines.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A first-time comprehensive overview on the health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines </LI> <LI> Ayurvedic medicines contain toxic levels of heavy metal(loid)s including As, Cd, Hg and Pb </LI> <LI> The bioavailability of metal(loid)s in complementary medicines depends on speciation of these metals </LI> <LI> Regular intake of some complementary medicines has caused metal(loid) toxicity in humans </LI> <LI> Health risk assessment can be achieved based on the daily intake of complementary medicines and total metal(loid) content </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Interactions between heavy metal(loid)s and complementary medicines.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Bioavailability of slow-desorbable naphthalene in a biological air sparging system

Li, Guang-Chun,Chung, Seon-Yong,Park, Jeong-Hun Techno-Press 2012 Advances in environmental research Vol.1 No.3

The bioavailability of sorbed organic contaminants is one of the most important factors used to determine their fate in the environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of slow-desorbable naphthalene in soils. An air sparging system was utilized to remove dissolved (or desorbed) naphthalene continuously and to limit the bacterial utilization of dissolved naphthalene. A biological air sparging system (air sparging system with bacteria) was developed to evaluate the bioavailability of the slow-desorption fraction in soils. Three different strains (Pseudomonas putida G7, Pseudomonas sp. CZ6 and Burkholderia sp. KM1) and two soils were used. Slow-desorbable naphthalene continuously decreased under air sparging; however, a greater decrease was observed in response to the biological air sparging system. Enhanced bioavailability was not observed in the Jangseong soil. Overall, the results of this study suggests that the removal rate of slow-desorbable contaminants may be enhanced by inoculation of degrading bacteria into an air sparging system during the remediation of contaminated soils. However, the enhanced bioavailability was found to depend more on the soil properties than the bacterial characteristics.

cDNA cloning, expression, and immunolocalization of gonadinhibiting hormone (GIH) in Litopenaeus vannamei

Guang-li Li,Si-ping Deng,Shu-na Jiang,Man Ye,Hua-pu Chen,Siuming F. Chan,Chun-hua Zhu 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.10

In this study, the full-length GIH cDNA sequence from Litopenaeus vannamei was cloned from the eyestalk by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The fulllength GIH cDNA was 865 bp with a 288 bp open-reading frame, which encoded a 96 amino acid prepro-GIH with 17 amino acid signal peptide. L. vannamei GIH (LvGIH) can be classified as a member of type-II crustacean hyperglycemic hormone polypeptide family. LvGIH shares 93.8 and 66.7 % amino acid sequence identity with GIH from Penaeus monodon, and the molt-inhibiting hormone from Marsupenaeus japonicas, respectively. By quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), LvGIH mRNA transcripts were detected in fertilized eggs, nauplius, zoea, mysis and juveniles of 25, 35 and 40 days old. LvGIH transcript levels increased significantly with the development from fertilized eggs to juveniles. LvGIH transcript levels were highest in juveniles at 35 days old. By RT-PCR, LvGIH mRNA transcripts were detected only in the eyestalks and brains but not in the muscles, intestines, gills, heart, hepatopancreas, ovaries and testes of adults, and there was no difference in the expression level of LvGIH between males and females. Using the P. monodon anti-GIH antibody, we showed that LvGIH was located mainly in the XO-SG and slightly in axon, with similar fluorescence intensity found in XO and SG. To summarize, we have cloned and characterized the GIH of the shrimp L. vannamei. In addition to the GIH properties described in other crustaceans, a peak of LvGIH expression was identified at the time of sexual differentiation (i.e., day 35 larvae) suggesting that LvGIH may also be involved in the control of this process.

수치지도를 이용한 3차원 도시공간모델 소프트웨어 개발에 관한 연구

리광철(Li, Guang-Zhe),리송준(Li, Song-Jun),방춘일(Fang, Chun-Ri),이상현(Lee, Sang-Hyun) 한국산학기술학회 2007 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

본 연구의 목적은 조정을 거친 수치지도를 이용하여 3차원 도시공간모델을 생성하는 자동제작기를 제안하는 것이다. 일반적인 디지털 도시공간모델 제작방식에 대해 분석하여 3차원 도시공간모델 제작에 필요한 소요정보 및 공간제작함수(기능, Method) 등을 추출한다. 수치지도에서 3차원 도시공간모델 제작에 필요한 정보를 추출하고 이런 정보들을 가공하여 모델제작에 사용가능한 정보로 바꾸어 준다. 또한 수치지도를 이용하여 3차원 모델을 제작할 때 사용자가 필요로 하는 부가정보들을 수동으로 입력할 수 있도록 한다. 수치지도에서 얻는 정보에 공간제작함수를 적용해서 3차원 모델을 제작한다. 수치지도가 2차원지도로만 활용되고 있는 현실이며 수치지도의 다양한 3차원 정보를 이용한 3차원 도시공간모델 자동제작을 제안함으로써 재래식 모델제작에 필요했던 대량의 시간과 노동력을 절감할 것이고 또한 제작된 도시공간모델은 건축이나 도시설계분야에서 보다 경제적이고 보다 쉽게 활용될 수 있을 것이라고 기대된다.

Clinical Analysis of Stages of HBV Infection in 100 Cases of Lymphoma

Tang, Yang,Sun, Li-Guang,Liu, Chun-Shui,Li, Yu-Ying,Jin, Chun-Hui,Li, Dan,Bai, Ou Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Objective: HBV infection may cause damage to the immune system and induce lymphomas as a result. Some scholars have indicated that HBsAg(+) reflecting HBV infection may have a relationship with lymphoma development. This study was designed to find out the specific stage of HBV infection which may be related to lymphoma. Methods: HBV serum markers, including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb were tested among 100 lymphoma patients and 100 other patients who were diagnosed with non-lymphoma diseases in the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2010.1.1 to 2012.12.31. Three subgroups were established depending on different combinations of HBV serum markers. Subgroup 1 was HBsAg(+) representing the early stage of HBV infection. Subgroup 2 was HbsAb(+) representing convalescence and Subgroup 3 was "HbsAg and HbsAb negative combined with other positive markers" representing the intermediate stage of HBV infection. Chi square tests were used to compare the rates of three subgroups in lymphoma and control groups. Results: The rates of Subgroup were 13% and 5% respectively, an association between HBsAg and lymphoma being found (P<0.05). There was no difference between rate of Subgroup 2 of lymphoma group (15%) and that of control group (16%). In lymphoma group and control group, the rate of Subgroup 3 was different (12% vs 4%). This evidence was not specific to T cell lymphoma, B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conclusions: Among serum markers of HBV, the combination of serum markers representing the early stage and intermediate stage of HBV infection have a relationship with lymphoma. Convalescence from HBV infection appears to have no relationship with lymphoma.

Foxl2 of the Hong Kong catfish (Clarias fuscus): cDNA cloning, tissue distribution and changes in gene expression towards methyltestosterone, estradiol and letrozole exposure of the fries during gonadal differentiation

Si-ping Deng,Chun-hua Zhu,Jing Sun,Wen-da Wang,Tian-li Wu,Hua-pu Chen,Shang-li Shi,Guang-li Li 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.8

Winged helix/forkhead transcription factor gene 2 (Foxl2) plays a crucial role during early ovarian development in fish. Sex steroids and aromatase inhibitors can regulate gonadal differentiation in teleosts. To address the role of Foxl2 in gonadal differentiation, foxl2 was isolated and characterized from the Hong Kong catfish, Clarias fuscus. Tissue distribution analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the foxl2 mRNA was highest in the ovaries; moderate in the female pituitary and hypothalamus; but weak in the forebrain, liver, testis and male pituitary, with a sexually dimorphic pattern in which there was higher expression overall in females versus males. Treatment of the fries during the period of gonadal differentiation [2–30 days post hatching (dph)] with 17amethyltestosterone (MT), an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) and 17b-estradiol (E2) affected the expression of foxl2. The expression of foxl2 was highest before gonadal differentiation (12 dph), but decreased significantly after gonadal differentiation (18-30 dph). In addition, MT and letrozole were able to down-regulate foxl2, but E2 up-regulated foxl2 during gonadal morphological differentiation. These results indicate the significant roles of Foxl2 in the gonadal differentiation of C. fuscus.

Dynamics of Endogenous Phytohormones during Phase Change in Peach

Chun Min Li,Xin Zhong Zhang,Ya Qin Wu,Guo Jian Liu,Guang Peng Wang,Rui Feng Chang,Huai Rui Shu 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Assembly and Catalytic Properties of a 3D (4,6)-connected Cobalt-organic Framework with fsh Topology

Chun-lun Ming,Hao Zhang,Guang-yue Li,Guang-hua Cui 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.2

Assembly and Catalytic Properties of a 3D (4,6)-connected Cobalt-organic Framework with fsh Topology

Ming, Chun-Lun,Zhang, Hao,Li, Guang-Yue,Cui, Guang-Hua Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.2

Physiological character and molecular mapping of leaf-color mutant wyv1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Xian-chun Sang,Li-kui Fang,Yuenyong Vanichpakorn,Ying-hua Ling,Peng Du,Fang-ming Zhao,Zheng-lin Yang,Guang-hua He 한국유전학회 2010 Genes & Genomics Vol.32 No.2

The seed of an excellent indica restorer line Jinhui10 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) was treated by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS); a leaf-color mutant displaying distinct phenotype throughout development grown in paddy field was identified from the progeny. The mutant leaf showed white-yellow at seedling stage and then turned to yellow-green at tillering stage, after that, virescent color appeared until to maturity. The mutant was thus temporarily designed as wyv1. The chlorophyll contents decreased significantly and the changing was consistent with the chlorotic level of wyv1 leaves. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters measured at the seedling stage showed that co-efficiency of photochemical quenching (qP),actual photosystem II efficiency (ΦPS II), electron transport rate (ETR) and initial chlorophyll fluorescence level (Fo), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm) significantly decreased in severe chlorotic leaf of the mutant compared with that of wild type. However,no significant differences were observed for Pn and Fv/Fm between virescent leaf and normal green leaf. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene which was finally mapped between SSR marker Y7 and Y6 on rice chromosome 3 based on F2 population of Xinong1A / wyv1. Genetic distances were 0.06 cM and 0.03 cM respectively, and the physical distance was 84kb according to the sequence of indica rice 9311. The results must facilitate map-based cloning and functional analysis of WYV1 gene.