3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde purified from the barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare) inhibits oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant activity

Jeong, J.B.,Chul Hong, S.,Jin Jeong, H. G. Fischer 2009 Phytomedicine Vol.16 No.1

Barley is a major crop worldwide. It has been reported that barley seeds have an effect on scavenging ROS. However, little has been known about the functional role of the barley on the inhibition of DNA damage and apoptosis by ROS. In this study, we purified 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde from the barley with silica gel column chromatography and HPLC and then identified it by GC/MS. And we firstly investigated the inhibitory effects of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde purified from the barley on oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induced by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, the major mediator of oxidative stress and a potent mutagen. In antioxidant activity assay such as DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> chelating assay, and intracellular ROS scavenging assay by DCF-DA, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was found to scavenge DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and intracellular ROS. Also it chelated Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>. In in vitro oxidative DNA damage assay and the expression level of phospho-H2A.X, it inhibited oxidative DNA damage and its treatment decreased the expression level of phospho-H2A.X. And in oxidative cell death and apoptosis assay via MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively, the treatment of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde attenuated H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced cell death and apoptosis. These results suggest that the barley may exert the inhibitory effect on H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced tumor development by blocking H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced oxidative DNA damage, cell death and apoptosis.

Molecular identification and functional delineation of a glutathione reductase homolog from disk abalone (<i>Haliotis discus discus</i>): Insights as a potent player in host antioxidant defense

Herath, H.M.L.P.B.,Wickramasinghe, P.D.S.U.,Bathige, S.D.N.K.,Jayasooriya, R.G.P.T.,Kim, Gi-Young,Park, Myoung Ae,Kim, Chul,Lee, Jehee Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.60 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Glutathione reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biochemical conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into the reduced form (GSH). Since the ratio between the two forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG) is important for the optimal function of GSH to act as an antioxidant against H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, the contribution of GSR as an enzymatic regulatory agent to maintain the proper ratio is essential. Abalones are marine mollusks that frequently encounter environmental factors that can trigger the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. Therefore, we conducted the current study to reveal the molecular and functional properties of a GSR homolog in the disk abalone, <I>Haliotis discus discus</I>. The identified cDNA sequence (2325 bp) has a 1356 bp long open reading frame (ORF), coding for a 909 bp long amino acid sequence, which harbors a pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain (171–246 aa), a pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase dimerization domain, and a NAD(P)(+)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily signature domain. Four functional residues: the FAD binding site, glutathione binding site, NADPH binding motif, and assembly domain were identified to be conserved among the other species. The recombinant abalone GSR (rAbGSR) exhibited detectable activity in a standard glutathione reductase activity assay. The optimum pH and optimal temperature for the reaction were found to be 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively, while the ionic strength of the medium had no effect. The enzymatic reaction was vastly inhibited by Cu<SUP>+2</SUP> and Cd<SUP>+2</SUP> ions. A considerable effect of cellular protection was detected with a disk diffusion assay conducted with rAbGSR. Moreover, an MTT assay and flow cytometry confirmed the significance of the protective role of rAbGSR in cell function. Furthermore, <I>AbGSR</I> was found to be ubiquitously distributed in different types of abalone tissues. <I>AbGSR</I> mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in response to three immune challenges: <I>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</I>, <I>Listeria monocytogenes</I>, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus indicating its possible involvement in host defense mechanisms during pathogenic infections. Taken together, the results of the current study suggest that AbGSR plays an important role in antioxidant-mediated host defense mechanisms and also provide insights into the immunological contribution of AbGSR.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We identified a glutathione reductase homolog (AbGSR) from disk abalone. </LI> <LI> AbGSR resembled functionally important domain architecture of GSR family. </LI> <LI> Recombinant AbGSR confirmed its biochemical properties via enzymatic assays. </LI> <LI> First functional antioxidant properties assessment of a molluscan GSR. </LI> <LI> <I>AbGSR</I> expression was modulated upon induced pathogen stress in gill and hemocytes. </LI> </UL> </P>

Development of a Reactive Plume Model for the Consideration of Power-Plant Plume Photochemistry and Its Applications

Kim, Yong H.,Kim, Hyun S.,Song, Chul H. American Chemical Society 2017 Environmental science & technology Vol.51 No.3

<P>A reactive plume model (RPM) was developed to comprehensively consider power-plant plume photochemistry with 255 condensed photochemical reactions. The RPM can simulate two main components of power-plant plumes: turbulent dispersion of plumes and compositional changes of plumes via photochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the performance of the RPM developed in the present study, two sets of observational data obtained from the TexAQS II 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II 2006) campaign were compared with RPM-simulated data. Comparison shows that the RPM produces relatively accurate concentrations for major primary and secondary in-plume species such as NO<SUB>2</SUB>, SO<SUB>2</SUB>, ozone, and H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>. Statistical analyses show good correlation, with correlation coefficients (<I>R</I>) ranging from 0.61 to 0.92, and good agreement with the Index of Agreement (IOA) ranging from 0.76 to 0.95. Following evaluation of the performance of the RPM, a demonstration was also carried out to show the applicability of the RPM. The RPM can calculate NO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> photochemical lifetimes inside the two plumes (Monticello and Welsh power plants). Further applicability and possible uses of the RPM are also discussed together with some limitations of the current version of the RPM.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2017/esthag.2017.51.issue-3/acs.est.6b03919/production/images/medium/es-2016-03919y_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es6b03919'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Phytosociological Community Classification of Mountain Ridge from Guryongryeong to Mt. Yaksu in the Baekdudaegan, Korea

An, Hyun-Chul,Choo, Gab-Chul,Park, Sam-Bong,Cho, Hyun-Seo,An, Jong-Bin,Park, Jeong-Geun,Ha, Hyoun Woo,Kim, Jin Joong,Kim, Bong-Gyu 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.28 No.6

백두대간 구룡령-약수산 마루금에 22개의 방형구(100m2)를 설정하여 식생을 조사하였다. 식생군집을 분석한 결과 신갈나무-까치박달나무-당단풍나무군집, 신갈나무군집, 층층나무-신갈나무군집 등 3개의 군집으로 분류되었다. 백두대간 구룡령-약수산 마루금은 대부분 신갈나무가 우점하고 있었으며, 일부지역에서 까치박달나무와 층층나무 등이 혼효하고 있었다. 수종간의 상관관계에서 신갈나무와 노린재나무, 철쭉; 피나무와 찰피나무, 노린재나무; 찰피나무와 노린재나무, 철쭉; 거제수나무와 고로쇠나무; 노린재나무와 철쭉 등의 수종 간에는 높은 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 당단풍나무와 노린재나무, 철쭉 등의 수종 간에는 높은 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 조사지의 군집별 종다양성 지수는 0.8170~1.1446범위로 백두대간에 위치한 국립공원들의 능선부 식생구조 보다는 약간 낮게 나타났다. To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Guryongryeong to Mt. Yaksu, 22 plots (100m2) installed with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Q. mongolica community, Cornus controversa-Q. mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Q. mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Guryongryeong to Yaksusan and Carpinus cordata and C. controversa was partly occupied in some area. High positive correlations showed between Q. mongolica and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Tilia amurensis and Tilia mandshurica, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa; Tilia mandshurica and S. chinensis for. pilosa, R. schlippenbachii; Betula costata and Acer mono; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, and relatively high negative correlations showed between A. pseudosieboldianum and S. chinensis for. pilosa, R. schlippenbachii. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged 0.8170~1.1446 and it was lower compared to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

포상기태와 융모상피암 환자의 갑상선기능

박기현,김현만,허갑범,이현철,김경래,김한수,김주항,김세광 대한내분비학회 1988 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.3 No.1

It has been recognized that hyperthyroidism occur in patients with trophoblastic disease, either hydatidiform moles or choriocarcinomas. In the past decade, several lines of evidence have shown that human chorionic gonadotropin, secreted by the trophoblastic disease, is a thyroid stimulator and causes hyperthyroidism. In order to evaluate the relationship between level of thyroid hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with trophoblastic disease, level of thyroid hormone, serum -HCG and amount of urinary excretion of HCG were measured and analyzed in 24 patients with hydatidiform mole and 11 patients with choriocarcinoma who were admitted to Yonsei University Severance Hospital during the period from January 1981 to December 1986. The results are summarzed as follows: 1) Hyperthyroidism was observed in 33.3% of the patients with hydatidiform mole and in 18.2% of the patients with choriocarcinoma. 2) The amount of 24 hour urinary excretion of HCG in patients with hyperthyroidism was more than that in euthroid patients. 3) There was no difference in the level of thyroid hormone, serum -HCG, and amount of 24 hour urinary excretion of HCG in patients with hydatidifrom mole and choriocarcinoma. 4) The amount of 24 hour urinary excretion of HCG had significant correlation with FT4, whereas no similar correlation was observed between the levels of thyroid hormone and serum -HCG. In conclusion, the occurrence of hyperthyroidism is closely related with the amount of urinary excretion of HCG in patients with trophblastic disease.

한국 최초의 경주시 황남동 출토 유리 용융 도가니 및 유리 구슬에 대한 연구

최주,안재호,황상주,권희경,김수철,도정만,박기훈,김선태 한국전통과학기술학회 1994 한국전통과학기술학회지 Vol.1 No.1

A piece of glass melting crucible whose inner face was lined with yellowish brown glass, a yellowish brown ellipsoidal bead and a greenish scrcew-shaped wound bead were unearthed in Kyongju city. These finds were dated to around the middle of the 6th century by pattern impressed earthenwares excavated in the same stratum. Chcmica analyses were carried out by means of energy diapersive spectrometry(EDS), atomic absorption analysis(AA), induced coupling plasma analysis(ICP) along with conventional wet analvsis. Also X-ray and elecrtron diffraction analvses were periomd in an attempt to identify any crystalline precipitates. Three glass items are classified iota lead-silica group showing the same compositions. This indicates that the two beads are from the same crucible. Ywllowish brown glass film contains 72.5% PbO and 25.2% SiO₂ and its softening point is 442℃ which is determined by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). Melting point is found to be around 650℃ by practical measurement. Color differences in two beads are proved to be mainly due to copper contained in the glass, i.e., yellowish brown and greenish colors depend on reduction and oxidation atmosphere during melting, respectively. Chemical analysis shows that the glass melting crucible is a common earthenware.

Protection of Human Fibroblasts from Reactive Oxygen Species by Green Tea Polyphenolic Compounds

Han, Dong Wook,Kim, H.H.,Son, Hyun Joo,Baek, Hyun Sook,Lee, Kwon Yong,Hyon, Suong Hyu,Park, Jong Chul Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2005 Key Engineering Materials Vol.288 No.-

<P>The potential protective roles played by green tea compounds (GTPCs) against reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress in cultured fetal human dermal fibroblasts (fHDFs) were investigated according to cell viability measurement methods, such as fluorescence double staining followed by flow cytometry (FCM), MTT assay and crystal violet uptake. Oxidative stress was induced in the fHDFs, either by adding 50 mM H2O2 or by the action of 40 U/L xanthine oxidase (XO) in the presence of xanthine (250 µM). FCM analysis was the most suitable to show that both treatments produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the fHDF viability, attributed to its high sensitivity. On the microscopic observations, the cell death with necrotic morphology was appreciably induced by both treatments. These oxidative stress-induced damages were significantly (p < 0.05) prevented by pre-incubating the fHDFs with 200 µg/ml GTPC for 1 h. These results suggest that GTPC can act as a biological antioxidant in a cell culture experimental model and prevent oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in cells.</P>

Comparative Studies of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Characteristics Between He and Ar Working Gases for Sterilization

Young Sik Seo,Mohamed, Abdel-Aleam H,Kyung Chul Woo,Hyun Wook Lee,Jae Koo Lee,Kyong Tai Kim IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.38 No.10

<P>Helium (He) and Argon (Ar) atmospheric pressure plasma jets operated with low-frequency power source are designed and studied. The current and voltage waveforms, formation of plasma jets, estimated rotational and vibrational temperatures, optical emission spectra, and numerical simulations for He and Ar gases are investigated to analyze the plasma characteristics. Ar plasma shows higher discharge current and many instantaneous current peaks compared with He plasma. For gas flow between 1 and 7 L/min and applied voltage between 3 and 10 kV, no significant changes in Ar plasma are observed. He plasma is found to be sensitive as far as gas flow rate and applied voltage are concerned. This sensitivity is associated with a transition from laminar to turbulent mode of gas flow. The estimated gas temperatures show higher values for Ar plasma than those of He plasma. Ar plasma jet emits extremely high intensity of OH (305 nm ~312 nm) and O (777 nm) compared with that emitted from He plasma jet. High concentration of OH and O in Ar plasma is related with high density of electrons with 4-5 eV, which is in the range of the dissociation energy of H-H, O-H, and O=O bonds. As a result, wider sterilization area and higher sterilization efficacy in indirect treatment are observed for Ar plasma than He plasma.</P>

기원전 5세기의 보령군 평라리 출토의 유리구슬에 대하여

최주,이융조,정동찬,홍현선,윤용현,김수철,송종한,변종홍 한국전통과학기술학회 1996 한국전통과학기술학회지 Vol.3 No.1

A dark blue glass bead covered with a thick white weathered layer was unearthed from a grave at Pyoungra-ri, Boryoung-gun, Choongcheong Province in 1995. The grave was dated to be at least around the 5th century BC as determined by other archaeological artifacts accompanied. This dating indicates that they bead is the earliest glass item excavated so far in the Korean Peninsula and as old as the earliest Chinese glass artifacts. The glass bead is 17.4 mm in diameter and 15.:3 mm high with a bore of 2mm. Chemical composition at the dark blue broken surface was analyzed by Rutherford Back Scattering(RBS) method using 2MV Tandem-type accelerator, and found to be 77.7% Si0₂. 11.5% K₂O, 2.4 CaO, 3.6%, Al₂O₃ 0.4% MgO, 1.3%, MnO, 0.6% Fe₂O₃. 0.8% CuO, and 1.7 PbO. Small amount of lead oxide in the bead is unique: because lead oxide is hardly observed in such a potash glass from other countries of this period. Furtherniore, the lead isotope ratio indicates that the raw materials are originated from the southern part of Korea. The remains, where prehistorical beads made of jades or glasses are being excavated, were concentrated in the area that Pyoungra-ri is located and the native culture of this area was highly developed at the period of around 5th century BC. These facts is do not exclude the possibility that the local discovery of the Pyoungra-ri glass bead may be a local invention.

Methyleugenol reduces cerebral ischemic injury by suppression of oxidative injury and inflammation

Choi, Yoo Keum,Cho, Geum-Sil,Hwang, Sunyoung,Kim, Byung Woo,Lim, Ji. H.,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Hyoung Chun,Kim, Won-Ki,Kim, Yeong Sik Informa UK Ltd. 2010 Free radical research Vol.44 No.8

<P>The present study tested the cytoprotective effect of methyleugenol in an <I>in vivo</I> ischemia model (i.e. middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h and subsequent reperfusion for 24 h) and further investigated its mechanism of action in <I>in vitro</I> cerebral ischemic models. When applied shortly after reperfusion, methyleugenol largely reduced cerebral ischemic injury. Methyleugenol decreased the caspase-3 activation and death of cultured cerebral cortical neurons caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1 h and subsequent re-oxygenation for 24 h. Methyleugenol markedly reduced superoxide generation in the ischemic brain and decreased the intracellular oxidative stress caused by OGD/re-oxygenation. It was found that methyleugenol elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further, methyleugenol inhibited the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Methyleugenol down-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells. The results indicate that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases.</P>