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Evaluation of the YOLO models for discrimination of the alfalfa pollinating bee species
Zhang Chuan-Jie,Liu Teng,Wang Jinxu,Zhai Danlan,Zhang Youxin,Gao Yang,Wu Hui-Zhen,Yu Jialin,Chen Min 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1
Identifying insect pollinators and their roles in mediating pollen flow is critical to understand the potential gene flow risks of insect pollination-dependent crop species, such as alfalfa. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the feasibility of You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 3 (YOLOv3), YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLO Representation (YOLOR) to discriminate the three most common alfalfa pollinating bee species, including honeybee, bumblebee, and leafcutting bee. The metrics comparison results showed YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 out performed YOLOv7 and YOLOR regarding model precision, recall, F 1 score, and mAP50 values. YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 could successfully discriminate the three different bee species with an accuracy of almost 100% (99.9%, 99.8%, and 100% accuracy for honeybee, bumblebee, and leafcutting bee for the two models, respectively). Comparatively, YOLOv7 could discriminate honeybee with an accuracy of 95% but was more likely to mistakenly discriminate bumblebee and leafcutting bee due to the relatively lower discriminating accuracy (87.3% and 66.2%, respectively). While the values of determined parameters for YOLOR were lower than YOLOv3 and YOLOv5, the higher precision (0.99680) along with recall (0.98721), F 1 (0.99198), mAP50 (0.99323), and mAP50-100 (0.89076) values indicate that this model could be able to obtain a favorable performance in discriminating the three bee species. In summary, the proposed method in this study has the potential for identifying the alfalfa pollinating bee species, studying the bees’ flower-visiting behaviors, evaluating the risks of insect-mediated pollen flow, and thus contributing to the management of genetically engineered (GE) alfalfa transgene flow.
Case Reports : Surgical Treatment for 11 Cases of Penile Verrucous Carcinoma
( Chuan Yu Sun ),( Xu Ke ),( Zheng Jie ),( Guo Wei Xia ),( Zu Jun Fang ),( Qiang Ding ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3s
Penile verrucous carcinoma is a rare, well-differentiated and low-grade tumor. The surgeons are deficiently aware about the biological behavior and the clinicopathological characteristic of this disease, which raises difficulties during the treatment. In our present study, the clinical and pathological data of 11 patients with penile verrucous carcinoma, aged between 49 to 85 years was retrospectively analyzed. The tumors exhibited exophytic, papillary, caulifower-like or verrucose lesions of great dimensions measuring between 2 to 10 cm on the penises. The tumors were located at glans in 6 cases, invaded the coronoid sulcus in 4 cases and invaded the shaft of the penis in 1 case. Eight cases underwent partial penectomy, while the other 3 were treated with local excision. The diagnosis of penile verrucous carcinoma was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the specimens with the negative surgical margins in all the cases. Within the period of 12 to 60 months of follow-up, all the patients were disease-free with no case of recurrence and metastasis. The novel knowledge and experience of the treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma will be a useful clinical guide for surgeons in the future. (Ann Dermatol 23(S3) S346~S349, 2011)
Chuan-Wei Zhang,Fang-Yi Li,Jianfeng Li,Qi Xie,Jie Xu,An-Fu Guo,Cheng-Zhao Wang 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.5 No.3
Starch-based biomass composites were prepared with starch and plant fiber. In order to improve the properties of the compos ites, oxidized starches (OS) were prepared using hydroxyl peroxide as oxidizer, then glycerol was added into OS as plasticizer to produce thermoplastic oxidized starches (TPOS). Crystal structure, hydrogen bonds of TPOS were researched to gain comprehensive views on the mechanism of the property differences between the starch-based composites with native starch, OS and TPOS. The changes of crystal structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Starch intermolecular hydroxyl changes were investigated using the method of infrared spectrum analysis. It was found that the new hydrogen bonds were formed between the plasticizer, oxidizer and starch, and the starch intermolecular bonding force was weakened. The structure of starch crystallization was destructed in TPOS. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that cross reaction with oxidization and plasticization changed the crystal structure, glass transition process was not observed in TPOS. The tensile and compressive strengths of composite based on TPOS were improved greatly and mechanical properties were not weakened obviously with water content increased. All the results indicated that TPOS could improve the properties of starch-based composites.