Investigating the Use of Interactive Narratives for Changing Health Beliefs: A Test of the Model of Interactive Narrative Effects

Christy, Katheryn R The Ohio State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

The model of interactive narrative effects was developed in order to expand upon and enhance previous theories of interactive narrative effects. This was accomplished by synthesizing Green and Jenkins' (2014) model of interactivity effects with elements of Sundar and colleagues' (2015) theory of interactive media effects, with the aim of expanding Green and Jenkins' definition of interactivity and disentangling the presence of an interactivity feature from the various psychological experiences and perceptions of interactivity. Two studies were then conducted to test the propositions of the newly developed model within the context of skin cancer and the Health Belief Model. The first study examined the impact of source interactivity and sourcefulness, while the other examined the impact of message interactivity and perceived contingency. The studies largely supported the MINE's propositions regarding the relationships between interactivity features, perceptions of interactivity, and narrative mediating variables, such as story engagement. Both studies also saw impacts on health beliefs, with perceived benefits and severity being influenced across both studies. The implications of these results for narrative research, interactive media research, and health communication research are discussed.

REPRESENTING THE RURAL: PLACE AS METHOD IN THE FORMATION OF JAPANESE NATIVE ETHNOLOGY, 1910-1945 (RURAL SOCIETY, ETHNOLOGY)

CHRISTY, ALAN SCOTT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 1997 해외박사

Writing to power: Tyrant and sage in Greek epistolography

Christy, John Paul University of Pennsylvania 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation stems from an interest in how archaic and classical wisdom figures, such as Stesichorus, Heraclitus, Hippocrates, and Plato, are received and refigured in fictional epistolography, a field that exploded in popularity in the Hellenistic and imperial eras. My research investigates the significant role that tyrants play in the genre, as correspondents with (or as persons of interest to) the "stars" of Greek paideia. Most scholars have acknowledged the presence of tyrants in Greek epistolography only vaguely, listing them among the traditional features of the genre, or as a "commonplace" unworthy of much attention. I contend instead that the epistolary genre becomes an ideal vehicle for the examination of the problems that plague the relationships between tyrants and sages in the Greek literary tradition. After an introduction that discusses the history of scholarship on Greek letter writing, I consider the case of the Platonic Epistles, arguably the locus classicus of correspondence with a Greek tyrant. I move away from the famous and intractable issues of authenticity to discuss instead how the dynamics particular to correspondence create a particular set of problems for the philosopher, with recurring issues of distance, hearsay, and jealousy. These models of tyrant-sage correspondence in the Platonic Epistles have a demonstrable effect on other letter collections, but perhaps nowhere so much as in the Letters of Chion of Heraclea. Chion alludes to the Platonic collection in several respects, but uses its points of contact with Plato to create a markedly alternative scenario to Plato's disastrous engagement with Syracusan politics. In the cases of the Letters of Hippocrates and the Epistles of Heraclitus, I investigate the particular fascination of Greek epistolography with Eastern dynasts. In both collections, Greek wisdom is highly sought after by Persian rulers, but kept out of their grasp. Finally, I discuss how the letters attributed to the tyrant Phalaris toy with both their affiliation to the tyrant-sage epistolary subgenre and the classical tradition that so soundly condemned their nominal author.

Intercollegiate athletic reform: Examining the support for athletic reform of faculty athletic representative, athletic director, senior woman administrator and head coach

Christy, Keith M The Ohio State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the level of support for NCAA Division I athletic reform from four perspectives (1) athletic director, (2) senior woman administrator, (3) faculty athletic representative, and (4) head coach. In addition, this study examined if the support for NCAA Division I athletic reform differed based on the sex of the respondent, the race of the respondent and between the head coaches of revenue and non-revenue sports. After eliminating duplicate and incorrect email addresses, the population of this study was 559. A census of all athletic directors, senior woman administrators, faculty athletic representatives, and head coaches of football men's and woman's basketball, men's and woman's track and field and woman's volleyball was used from the six major Division IA BCS Conferences (ACC, Big East, Big Ten, Big Twelve, SEC, and PAC 10). Questionnaires were returned by 139 respondents for a response rate of 24.8% with 127 being usable data. Each participant was asked to complete an online survey consisting of 35 statements pertaining to one of six categories (1) presidential control, (2) academic integrity, (3) financial integrity, (4) athlete welfare, (5) governance, and (6) equity. In addition, the participants were asked to complete eight demographic questions as well as two open ended questions regarding intercollegiate athletic reform. The researcher analyzed the data using SPSS version 14. Item-to-total correlations and Cronbach's Alpha's was used to determine internal consistency and reliability of the instrument. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to answer research question #1 to determine significance between position and the dependant variables. In addition, Scheffe Post Hoc test was used to examine where the significance was between the variables. Multiple t-tests were used to examine research question #2 while mean scores and standard variations were analyzed for research question #3 and mean scores were analyzed for question #4. Results showed support for three of the six categories (presidential control reform, race equity reform, and gender equity reform). Furthermore, significance was found between position and five of the six categories (presidential control, athlete welfare, financial integrity, gender equity and governance) as well as between gender and three of the six categories (gender equity, race equity, and governance). Implications of the results of the study are discussed and recommendations for future research are suggested.

Identifying risk factors for plagiocephaly

McKinney, Christy Michelle University of Washington 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Deformational plagiocephaly ("plagiocephaly") is a condition in infants characterized by an abnormal head shape due to external pressure placed upon the skull. The number of cases of plagiocephaly has increased dramatically since 1992, which has been attributed to the American Academy of Pediatrics' 1992 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) prevention recommendation to place infants to sleep in a non-prone position. That not all infants who sleep supine develop plagiocephaly suggests other factors may play a role. We proposed that factors related to intrauterine constraint, birth injury, prematurity and malformations are related to plagiocephaly. Sleep positioning has changed over time and may modify the effect of these factors on the risk of plagiocephaly. We aimed to: (1) quantify the temporal relationship between plagiocephaly and our hypothesized risk factors; (2) evaluate proposed infant, maternal and birth characteristics as risk factors for plagiocephaly; and (3) develop a predictive model for being placed to sleep in the prone or lateral position, both of which have been associated with increased risk of SIDS. We conducted a case-series analysis to examine temporal trends in plagiocephaly and to preliminarily evaluate whether sleep positioning modified the risk of plagiocephaly due to other factors. Our findings from this case-only study suggest that the risk of plagiocephaly associated with certain factors such as having a congenital anomaly and duration of hospital stay at birth may differ depending on how an infant is placed to sleep. Next, we undertook a large record-linkage case-control study. We found that a wide-range of congenital anomalies and birth injuries in addition to previously identified risk factors such as mother's parity, being a twin and male sex are associated with plagiocephaly. In our study identifying predictors of being placed to sleep in the prone and lateral positions, mother's race and ethnicity and infant's year of birth were predictors for both sleep positions. Other factors positively associated with sleep positioning included male sex, mother's parity, county of residence and receipt of government assistance during pregnancy. We identified several risk factors positively associated with plagiocephaly and prone and lateral sleep positioning that may aid future prevention efforts.

Stability, Resilience, and Persistence of Two Alternate Soft-Sediment Communities in Bodega Harbor, California

Bowles, Christy Michelle University of California, Davis 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

If present, alternative stable states could explain why discrete communities, such as clear/turbid lakes and vegetated/non vegetated sediment, can occur and persist. The existence of alternative community types or `alternate stable states' in otherwise similar ecological conditions continues to be of considerable interest to academic ecologists and resource managers. In this study, I provide compelling evidence for the presence of two very different communities in areas of unstructured marine mudflats that are physio-chemically very similar. Until approximately 10 years ago, the intertidal mudflats of Bodega Harbor, CA were dominated by phoronids, small venerid clams, amphipods, tanaids and polychaetes. Since then, larger areas of mudflats have become dominated by two species of spionid polychaete (Boccardia proboscidea and Dipolydora socialis), which increased dramatically in abundance (3 orders of magnitude) and formed distinct, dense patches. Here I present evidence that these communities represent alternative states and that the spionid aggregations represent a novel community type in Bodega Harbor not seen previously over a 40 year period. I experimentally test for alternative stable states, including tests of scale, resilience, persistence, and positive feedback mechanisms. Both communities demonstrate resilience; Simulated disturbances (defaunations) recover. Both communities demonstrate short-term persistence in the area occupied by the alternate community type, but longer-term persistence (over multiple generations) is questionable. Resilience and short-term persistence suggest alternative stable states, but as long-term persistence of experimental plots cannot be demonstrated, alternative stable states are not conclusively demonstrated. Positive feedback mechanisms which promote resilience and persistence include competition, which excludes the alternate community, and bioengineering by the spionids. Persistence changes with scale, but resilience does not. The results clearly demonstrate that, when present and demonstrated, resilience and persistence can be useful to understand community dynamics, even when alternative stable states cannot conclusively be demonstrated. Rather, a deeper study of any positive feedback mechanisms and scale will help understand the conditions under which a community (or community states) would be expected to persist, recover from disturbance, or change.

Mapping the web of Native American dramaturgy

Stanlake, Christy Lee The Ohio State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Native American artists are claiming recognition for Native theatre through many recent activities: publishing play anthologies, establishing supporting organizations for play development, organizing educational initiatives, and writing record numbers of new plays. As Native theatre gains greater visibility, the need arises for critical methodologies fashioned to address the unique attributes of its dramaturgy. This dissertation introduces one such theoretical model for reading and viewing contemporary Native America plays. Predicated on the argument that distinctive to Native American dramaturgy is a complicated web of discourses pertaining to Native intellectual traditions regarding place, speech, and movement, this study uses a critical methodology that analyzes performances and dramatic texts, primarily, through Native American theoretical works and, secondarily, through theatrical theories. The privileging of Native American theoretical perspectives allows this model to frame Native dramaturgy as a creative manifestation of intellectual traditions existing both independently from colonialism and reflective of that historical condition. The dissertation's arrangement leads readers through a sequential analysis and application of four Native American discourses essential to Native dramaturgy. The first discourse, “platiality,” uses Native American theories of place, such as Jana Sequoya's (Chickasaw) geocentric identity and Vine Deloria Jr's (Dakota Sioux) place-based religion, to extend Una Chaudhuri's theatrical theory of geopathology. Platiality is, then, critically applied to JudyLee Oliva's (Chickasaw) <italic>The Fire and the Rose</italic> and Victoria Nalani Kneubuhl's (Native Hawaiian/Samoan) <italic>The Story of Susanna </italic>. The next discourses, “storying” and “tribalography,” investigate theories of speech proposed by Native writers, such as LeAnne Howe (Choctaw) and Paula Gunn Allen (Laguna Pueblo/Sioux). These discourses deepen theatrical studies' understanding of storytelling when analyzed through performances of Spiderwoman Theater's (Kuna/Rappahannock) <italic>Rever-ber-berations </italic> and Vera Manuel's (Secwepemc/Ktunaxa) <italic>Strength of Indian Women</italic>. The final discourse, “survivance,” uses Gerald Vizenor's (Anishinaabe) theories to investigate Native concepts of motion. When used to analyze Marie Clements' (Metis) <italic>Urban Tattoo</italic>, Hanay Geiogamah's (Kiowa/Delaware) <italic>Foghorn</italic>, and Diane Glancy's (Cherokee) <italic>The Woman Who Was a Red Deer Dressed for the Deer Dance </italic>, survivance challenges post-colonial theories by reframing deconstruction as a Native intellectual tradition. Together, these discourses create a dynamic model capable of honoring the uniqueness of and differences across Native theatre.

Macroinvertebrate responses to watershed land use and local-scale stream restoration

Violin, Christy Royer The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Human land use practices have resulted in the widespread degradation of waterways draining the surrounding landscape, resulting in poorly functioning streams with lower biological diversity than streams in undisturbed watersheds. Stream restoration has become an increasingly popular method for ameliorating local-scale degradation. Current stream restoration methodology reconfigures channel morphology to reflect a pre-degradation ideal, and relies on habitat provision as the primary means to facilitate biotic community recovery. However, there is little information on the success of this approach. This dissertation focuses on the consequences of urban land use for macroinvertebrate stream community structure and the potential for Natural Channel Design, a common reach scale restoration method, to ameliorate stream degradation due to catchment based land use in various catchment types. In two studies examining macroinvertebrate community response to stream restoration, Natural Channel Design did not lead to improvement in macroinvertebrate community structure, and failed to restore habitat in the urban stream restorations surveyed. A structural equation modeling approach suggests that the factors most associated with community degradation are not currently addressed by reach-scale restoration. This suggests a need to shift restoration strategies away from a strictly reach-scale approach to a multi-scale approach which incorporates watershed scale processes.

Emilia Pardo Bazan and the sexing of the soul (Spain)

Hyland, Christy Presson University of Virginia 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation analyzes three types of texts (essays, religious studies, fiction) to illustrate Pardo Bazán's original construction of a Christian feminist model. The first chapters examine her initial efforts to combat the “ángel del hogar” bourgeois stereotype in her essays. She uses the words of the Christian Gospel and the history of the Church to back her claim for the emancipation of women. Pardo Bazán rejects the “sexing of the soul,” the application of ontological gender characteristics to the soul to justify sexual discrimination. She asserts that the soul is ungendered, which proves that by nature (and divine intention) men and women were created equal. Furthermore, she argues that the current role of women, restricted to marriage and motherhood, reflects Muslim or pagan values. In her short stories and various essays, she uses ironical “terrorism” to break down traditional ideals of femininity and relations between the sexes. Two chapters of the dissertation focus on the importance of Christian hagiography and “mujeres ilustres” in the author's reformulation of the Spanish ideal of female Christian virtue. She strives to convince her contemporaries of the equality of women by the weight of her evidence and to inspire the metamorphosis of her society. Finally, these examples help us to comprehend her most controversial novel, <italic>Una cristiana</italic>/<italic>La prueba </italic>. In the light of Pardo Bazán's historically based Christian feminism, the dissertation demonstrates how this novel is her most radical assertion of women's equality. Therein, she equates the bourgeois ideal of marriage with the oriental harem. The final chapter of the dissertation demonstrates how the main character achieves sainthood not by following the domestic ideals taught to her by society, but rather by modeling her life on the Christian mystics and the saints.

The dependence of the opto-electronic properties of cadmium selenide nanoparticles on surface properties

Landes, Christy Fae Georgia Institute of Technology 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

The research presented in this thesis has been developed to examine the relationship between the CdSe nanoparticle surface and the myriad opto-electronic properties. The motivation for reducing the dimensions of a semiconductor material to the nanometer length scale is to take advantage of the quantum confinement of charge carriers and tune the opto-electronic properties. Reducing the size to the nanometer scale, however, also introduces the influence of surface interactions, normally insignificant in a bulk semiconductor. In many cases, surface interactions compete with intrinsic properties and reduce or alter the benefits that motivate nanomaterials development. A more complete understanding of this relationship is necessary in order to obtain truly tunable opto-electronic materials. Towards this end surface modification, synthetic methods, and various spectroscopic techniques have been employed to examine the ground and excited state properties of CdSe nanoparticles. First, nanoparticle surface modification with a series of electron-donating materials in general, and n-butylamine specifically, has proven a useful technique in monitoring the spectroscopic changes related to the nanoparticle surface. Next, the preparation of very small CdSe nanoparticles that are essentially all surface makes it possible to magnify the relationship between surface and intrinsic properties to such a limit that the surface even controls the intrinsic properties. Throughout, steady-state and time-resolved techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, hyper-Rayleigh scattering, and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy are employed as spectroscopic means to study a chemical system, the nanoparticle surface, that is difficult at best to examine otherwise.