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Cho, Y.,Choi, M.H.,Kim, B.,Kim, S. Elsevier 2016 Journal of chromatography A Vol.1444 No.-
<P>An experimental setup for the speciation of compounds by hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) with atmospheric pressure ionization while performing chromatographic separation is presented. The proposed experimental setup combines the high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system that can be readily used as an inlet for mass spectrometry (MS) and atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) HDX. This combination overcomes the limitation of an approach using conventional liquid chromatography (LC) by minimizing the amount of deuterium solvents used for separation. In the SFC separation, supercritical CO2 was used as a major component of the mobile phase, and methanol was used as a minor co-solvent. By using deuterated methanol (CH3OD), AP HDX was achieved during SFC separation. To prove the concept, thirty one nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing standard compounds were analyzed by SFC-AP HDX MS. The compounds were successfully speciated from the obtained SFC-MS spectra. The exchange ions were observed with as low as 1% of CH3OD in the mobile phase, and separation could be performed within approximately 20 min using approximately 0.24 mL of CH3OD. The results showed that SFC separation and APPI/APCI HDX could be successfully performed using the suggested method. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Cho, Y.,Cho, H.,Park, M.,Ma, K. Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S
Organic production practices varied among producers. Generally, organic producers were relying on imported input materials such as organic compost and liquid fertilizer even more than conventional producers. Very few organic farmers had composting facilities or sites for the own supply of compost in need. The productivity of organic kiwifruit orchard (92%) was not as low as that of conventional while the net income (243%) was more than double that of conventional. This was mainly attributed to high farm gate price of organic fruits, low paid labour use and electricity. As a consequence, organic kiwifruit production seems to become a feasible option in Korea. However, high dependence on imported farming material, fuel and labour for too frequent liquid fertilizer spray should be addressed to achieve long term sustainability of organic kiwifruit production.
Cho, Y.,Challa, S.,Moquin, D.,Genga, R.,Ray, T.D.,Guildford, M.,Chan, F.K.M. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2009 Cell Vol.137 No.6
Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase-independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. The kinase RIP1 is crucial for programmed necrosis, but also mediates activation of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-κB. We postulated that additional molecules are required to specifically activate programmed necrosis. Using a RNA interference screen, we identified the kinase RIP3 as a crucial activator for programmed necrosis induced by TNF and during virus infection. RIP3 regulates necrosis-specific RIP1 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of RIP1 and RIP3 stabilizes their association within the pronecrotic complex, activates the pronecrotic kinase activity, and triggers downstream reactive oxygen species production. The pronecrotic RIP1-RIP3 complex is induced during vaccinia virus infection. Consequently, RIP3<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice exhibited severely impaired virus-induced tissue necrosis, inflammation, and control of viral replication. Our findings suggest that RIP3 controls programmed necrosis by initiating the pronecrotic kinase cascade, and that this is necessary for the inflammatory response against virus infections.
A Study of Predicting Method of Residual Stress Using Artificial Neural Network in $CO_2$Arc welding
Cho, Y.,Rhee, S.,Kim, J.H. The Korean Welding and Joining Society 2001 International journal of Korean welding society Vol.1 No.2
A prediction method for determining the welding residual stress by artificial neural network is proposed. A three-dimensional transient thermo-mechanical analysis has been performed for the $CO_2$ arc welding using the finite element method. The first part of numerical analysis performs a three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis, and the second part then uses the results of the first part and performs a three-dimensional transient thermo-elastic-plastic analysis to compute transient and residual stresses in the weld. Data from the finite element method are used to train a back propagation neural network to predict the residual stress. Architecturally, the fully interconnected network consists of an input layer for the voltage and current, a hidden layer to accommodate the failure mechanism mapping, and an output layer for the residual stress. The trained network is then applied to the prediction of residual stress in the four specimens. It is concluded that the accuracy of the neural network predicting method is fully comparable with the accuracy achieved by the traditional predicting method.
Pore size effect on the formation of polymer nanotubular structures within nanoporous templates
Cho, Y.,Lee, C.,Hong, J. Elsevier 2014 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.443 No.-
Nanotubular structures have recently received much attention due to their potential applications in biosensors, drug delivery systems, electronic devices, and many others. The layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique on 3-dimensional templates has been one of the most popular methods for the formation of nanotubular structures. Any size, shape, and composition template can be utilized and the desired amount of various materials can be readily incorporated within the thin film geometry with nanoscale control. Therefore, the morphological features of those materials can easily be tuned by varying the structural properties of templates. However, LbL deposition within a confined geometry actually shows somewhat different results due to the geometrical restriction, which is still not fully understood so far. In the present study, in order to investigate such a template effect on the LbL process, we utilized a cylindrical nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) structure as a template for the LbL process, yielding polymer nanotube structures. By varying the pore size of the porous templates, we determined the LbL process within porous structures was strongly governed by the geometrical characteristics of the utilized templates.
Cho, Y.,Park, Y.,Choi, W. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2008 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.14 No.3
The sensitized dechlorination of CCl<SUB>4</SUB> in water was successfully demonstrated in the presence of nonionic surfactants (Brij-35) and ruthenium bipyridyl complexes [Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB>] under visible light illumination (λ>420nm). The ruthenium complex plays the role of a visible light sensitizer for this reductive conversion process, which is excited by absorbing visible light and subsequently transfers an electron to CCl<SUB>4</SUB>. The photoinduced electron transfers from the excited sensitizer to CCl<SUB>4</SUB> take place only in the presence of the surfactant, which concentrates both reactants within a micelle. The ruthenium sensitizer should be oxidized after transferring an electron to CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, but immediately regenerated by abstracting an electron from surrounding surfactant molecules. As a result, the ruthenium sensitizer acts as a photocatalyst with producing chlorides far above the stoichiometric concentration of the added sensitizer. The dechlorination rate was significantly reduced in the presence of dissolved oxygen, because the excited sensitizer is quenched by O<SUB>2</SUB>. With increasing each concentration of the surfactant, sensitizer, or CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, the corresponding CCl<SUB>4</SUB> dechlorination rate progressively increased, to reach a saturation at the concentration of 4.0g/L (surfactant), 5μM (sensitizer), or 30mM (CCl<SUB>4</SUB>), respectively. The visible light activity was strongly dependent on the kind of surfactants as well.
Adaptive live streaming system performance of MMT and DASH over a deployed LTE network
Cho, Y.,Park, S.,Kim, K.,Suh, D.Y. IET 2016 Electronics letters Vol.52 No.13
<P>Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) media transport and dynamic adaptive streaming over Hypertext Transfer Protocol are compared, which have been standardised by the MPEG for internet-based video services. Their performances as adaptive live streaming systems are evaluated over a deployed long term evolution network. The results provide their operational limitations and optimal operation parameters to improve resource usage and the quality of the users' experience.</P>