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김신곤,박충일 한국영유아보육학회 2004 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.38
본 연구의 목적은 영재아동의 행동적 특성을 제시하고 영재아동에 대한 교육 프로그램으로서 프로젝트법의 적용 가능성을 제시하는 데에 있다. 영재아동은 일반아동에 비해 지적능력이 높고 창의적이며 과제수행에 집중하며 사회성이 높은 행동특성을 보이기 때문에 이들에게 제공되는 교육활동은 이들의 잠재능력을 충분히 개발할 수 있는 적합한 환경이어야 한다. 프로젝트법은 지식구성활동을 통해 아동의 지적능력을 확대시키는 강력한 방법이며, 자신의 아이디어를 활용함으로써 아동의 창의성을 증대시키는 활동이고, 스스로 주제를 선정하여 과제를 수행하는 과정을 통해 동기부여를 제공하여 보다 과제수행에 집중하도록 하는 환경이면서 동료들과 협동과 활동에서의 책임감을 경험하게 하여 사회성을 촉진시키는 교육프로램이다. 따라서 영재아동은 프로젝트법의 활용을 통해 교육적 효과를 높일 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility that the project approach can be applied to the special education for the gifted children based on gifted children's behavioral characteristics and characteristics of the project approach. Intellectual ability, creativeness, task commitment, and sociability were inquired as gifted children's behavioral characteristics. Based on examining the general characteristics of project approach for infants and the possibility of project approach to special education for the gifted children, the conclusion was drawn as follows: First, the project approach is a useful method to increase and expend children's intellectual ability in special education for the gifted children not from delivering knowledge but from interacting between children and environment through reconstructing knowledge. Second, the project approach is valuable to increase children's creativeness through expanding and appling it to the special education for the gifted children using their own idea. Third, the project approach helps to increase children's task commitment because it is an educational method that it motivates children to keeping and finishing up their task by selecting interesting topics by themselves. Fourth, the project approach helps developing children's sociability in special education for the gifted children. Since children select topics, practice, finish, and exhibit the output with their colleague, they could increase a spirit of cooperation and have co-ownership about the output.
Gasification of bamboo carbon with molten alkali carbonates
Choong-Gon Lee,Ho Hur 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.7
Solid carbon can be used as a fuel in the direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC). The chemical oxidation of carbon with alkali carbonates was investigated in this work. Decreasing the weight ratio of carbon to carbonate from 5 g : 5 g to 5 g : 20 g had an insignificant effect on the amount and concentration of gases. However, changing the amounts from 5 g : 5 g to 20 g : 20 g tripled the total amount of gases produced with similar gas compositions. The gas compositions ranged from 62.2-67.5 mol% CO, 13.9-14.7 mol% H_2, and 5.7-16.8 mol% CO_2 at 800 ℃. Thus CO was the dominant gas species in the conditions. With increasing temperature, CO generation was activated, especially over 700 ℃. The carbonate species did not affect carbon oxidation. Steam was supplied to the carbon and carbonate mixture at a fixed flow rate of N_2 or air. H_2 was the highest composition at both cases.
Oxidation of ash-free coal from sub-bituminous and bituminous coals in a direct carbon fuel cell
Choong-Gon Lee,Duc-Luong Vu 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.2
The present study proposes the production of ash-free coal (AFC) and its oxidation as a primary fuel in direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs). The AFC was produced by the extraction of Arutmin sub-bituminous coal (AFC1) and Berau bituminous coal (AFC2) using polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It was carried out at a temperature of around 202 oC under atmospheric conditions and using a microwave irradiation method. Using NMP as the solvent showed the highest extraction yield, and the values of 23.53% for Arutmin coal and 33.80% for Berau coal were obtained. When NMP was added to DMSO, DMA and DMF, the extraction yield in the solvents was greatly increased. The yield of AFC from a sub-bituminous coal was slightly lower than that from a bituminous coal. The AFC was evaluated in a coin-type DCFC with a mixture of AFC and carbonate electrolyte (3 g/3 g) at 850 oC. The AFC and gaseous H2 fuels were compared using the electrochemical methods of steady-state polarisation and step chronopotentiometry. The DCFC ran successfully with the AFCs at 850 oC. The open-circuit voltages were about 1.35 V (AFC1) and 1.27 V (AFC2), and the voltages at 150 mA cm−2 were 0.61 V (AFC1) and 0.74 V (AFC2).
Kim, Choong Gon,Kang, Meehye,Lee, Youn-Ho,Min, Won Gi,Kim, Yong Hwan,Kang, Su Jin,Song, Chang Hyun,Park, Soo Jin,Park, Ji Ha,Han, Chang Hyun,Lee, Young Joon,Ku, Sae Kwang Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-
<P>We evaluated the preventive effects of four types of seawater collected in Republic of Korea on hairless mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) induced allergic/atopic dermatitis (AD). The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) <I>α</I> and interleukins (ILs). Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effects. Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed to measure the antiapoptotic effects; matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 levels were also evaluated. Mice with AD had markedly higher clinical skin severity scores and scratching behaviors; higher TNF-<I>α</I> and ILs (1<I>β</I>, 10, 4, 5, and 13) levels; higher MDA, superoxide anion, caspase-3, PARP, and MMP-9 levels; and greater iNOS activity. However, the severity of AD was significantly decreased by bathing in seawaters, but it did not influence the dermal collagen depositions and skin tissue antioxidant defense systems. These results suggest that bathing in all four seawaters has protective effects against DNCB-induced AD through their favorable systemic and local immunomodulatory effects, active cytoprotective antiapoptotic effects, inhibitory effects of MMP activity and anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.</P>