The difference between two distribution functions

Chong Shu Hong 한국데이터정보과학회 2013 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

There are many methods for measuring the difference between two location param-eters. In this paper, statistics are proposed in order to estimate the difference of two location parameters. The statistics are designed not using the means, variances, signs and ranks, but with the cumulative distribution functions. Hence these are measured as the differences in the area between two univariate cumulative distribution functions. It is found that the difference in the area between two empirical cumulative distribution functions is the difference of two sample means, and its integral is also the difference of two population means.

중등학교 다문화교육을 위한 학생과 교사의 인식 조사 연구

서종남 ( Chong Nam Shu ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2010 중등교육연구 Vol.58 No.1

본 연구는 경기도내 중등학교 학생과 교사들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통하여 이들이 지닌 다문화가정에 대한 인식을 조사하는 데 있다. 설문조사에는 다문화가정이 한국사회에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해도, 수용도 및 평가도를 측정하도록 고안된 설문지가 이용되었다. 조사 결과, 다문화가정에 대해 학생 집단과 교사 집단 모두 서로 큰 차이 없이 높은 이해도를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수용도를 측정한 결과의 경우에도 학생과 교사 두 집단은 다문화가정에 대해 대체적으로 호의적 아니면 중립적인 견해를 가지고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이에 비해 다문화가정이 한국사회에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가에서는 두 집단이 큰 격차를 드러내고 있다. 특히 주목할 것은 교사 집단이 학생 집단에 비해 훨씬 부정적인 반응을 보이고 있다는 점이다. 즉, 절반을 훨씬 넘는 다수의 교사들이 부정적인 평가를 내리고 있는데 반해 그와 비슷한 비율의 학생들은 긍정적인 평가를 내놓고 있다. 우리나라가 단일민족이라는 개념도 학생 사이에서는 사라져가고 있는 경향이 나타난데 비해 대다수의 교사들은 아직 그 관념을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study is to suggest a futuristic direction for a full-fledged implementation of multicultural education in secondary schools, based on the findings from analyses of secondary school teachers and students, and their understanding of multiculturalism. A survey was implemented on selected secondary school students and teachers in the Gyeonggi-do provincial area. The research instrument was a questionnaire formulated in a way to measure the levels of samples` understanding, acceptance and evaluation of multicultural familis and their influences on the Korean society. The findings show the both groups have high levels of understanding concerning multicultural families with little difference between them. Responses to the questions meant to explore levels of acceptance also reveal both students and teachers generally keep amicable and, if not, neutral feelings toward families of multicultural backgrounds. Compared with these trends, however, both groups show a significant difference each other in evaluating the influences multicultural families having on the Korean society. Noteworthy is that teachers group appears rather more negative than the students group. A majority of far more than half of the teachers come up with unfavorable responses against that a similar majority of the students respond favorably.

Latent tuberculosis infection increases in kidney transplant recipients compared with transplant candidates: a neglected perspective in tuberculosis control

( Chin-chung Shu ),( Meng-kun Tsai ),( Shu-wei Lin ),( Chih-yuan Lee ),( Jann-yuan Wang ),( Chong-jen Yu ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: The prevalence and incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with kidney transplant remains unclear. Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled kidney transplant candidates (KTCs) and recipients (KTRs) from 2014 to 2018. We defined LTBI as a positive result of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT). We analyzed the predictors for LTBI acquisition and followed QFT test for 2 years among those initially without LTBI. Results: Of 425 patients enrolled, 305 (71.8%) patients belonged to the KTC group and 120 (28.2%) to the KTR group. The initial QFT showed positive results in 33 (10.8%) and 25 (20.8%) in the KTC and KTR groups, respectively (p=0.007). The QFT response value in LTBI patients was higher in the KTR group than in the KTC group (1.85 vs. 1.06 IU/ml, p=0.046). Multivariate logistic regression showed that old age, absence of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin scar, and KTR group were independent factors for positive LTBI. For participants with initial negative QFT, positive QFT conversion within 2-year follow-up was higher after kidney transplantation (20%) than in KTCs (5.5%) (p=0.032). Conclusion: This study is the first cohort to follow up LTBI status in patients with kidney transplant and shows its higher prevalence and incidence in those belong to KTR. It indicates that surveillance of LTBI after renal transplantation is important.

Early Recognition of Pediatric Strokes in the Emergency Department: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Factors Impeding Stroke Diagnosis in Children

Si Qi Tan(Si Qi Tan),Wen Qi Cher(Wen Qi Cher),Shu-Ling Chong(Shu-Ling Chong),Angelina Su Yin Ang(Angelina Su Yin Ang ),Sashikumar Ganapathy(Sashikumar Ganapathy ),Derrick Wei Shih Chan(Derrick Wei Shi 대한소아신경학회 2022 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: Strokes are challenging to diagnose in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) as level of suspicion is low and atypical presentations are common. We analyzed clinical features, epidemiology and factors of delayed identification in arterial ischemic strokes (AIS) and hemorrhagic strokes (HS). Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of children aged between 29 days and 18 years old diagnosed with stroke between July 2016 to June 2021. Results: Among 36 children, 11 (30.5%) had AIS, 25 (69.4%) had HS. Median age for AIS was 9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 9) and HS 9 years (IQR, 1 to 11.5) (P=0.715). Focal neurological deficit was seen in 72.7% of AIS and 20% of HS (P=0.006). Only 18.2% of AIS and 52.0% of HS presented within 6 hours of symptoms. Median time from symptom onset to ED presentation was 24 hours (IQR, 12 to 28) for AIS and 7 hours (IQR, 1.8 to 48) for HS (P=0.595). Most (85.6%) arrived by own transport. Median time from presentation to neuroimaging was 7 hours (IQR, 0.9 to 7) for AIS and 4.8 (IQR, 1.3 to 16.8) hours for HS (P=0.376). Eleven patients, 9/25 (36.0%) HS and 2/11 (18.2%) AIS, did not have stroke as differential diagnosis at ED (P=0.714). Common initial diagnoses were viral illness or headaches. On univariate analysis, age <1 (odds ratio [OR], 17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 250.4; P=0.035) and absence of focal neurological deficit (OR, 13.091; 95% CI, 1.5 to 117.9; P=0.022) were significant factors for delayed identification. Conclusion: Index of suspicion for pediatric strokes among caregivers and clinicians should be increased. Public awareness campaigns are recommended.

Prediction of Sigma-54 Promoters in Bacterial Genomes

Shu jast Muhammad,Kil To Chong 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.4

A comprehensive analysis and comparison between vacuum and electric oven drying methods on Chinese saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Chong Yao,Xiao-Dong Qian,Gui-Fen Zhou,Shu-Wei Zhang,Li-Qin Li,Qiaosheng Guo 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.2

The red stigmas of saffron are one of the mostexpensive spices in the world and serve as a traditionalChinese medicine. More saffron has been cultivated inChina, and different drying technologies have been studied. However, a comprehensive and comparative analysis ofdifferent drying approaches has not been well studied. Inthis study, we compared electric oven and vacuum ovendrying approaches on saffron. We found saffron was driedquicker under high vacuum drying mode with high temperatureand the quicker drying rate provided, the moreopen microstructural interstices on the saffron surface. Both methods were best fit to Midilli and Kucuk model. Besides, the coloring, aroma and bitterness strength afterdrying showed the similar results. In sum, our data suggestedthe optimal drying temperature was 100 C for20 min for two evaluated methods, however consideringthe machine cost, the electric oven drying would be the firstchoice.

Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Precast Shear Wall with Rabbet-Unbonded Horizontal Connection

Chong-fang Sun,Shu-ting Liang,Xiao-jun Zhu,Hu Li,Jian-min Guo,Gang Li,Ya-min Song,Dong-yue Wu 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.1

This paper reports the results of a seismic performance study of a precast shear wall with a new horizontal connection. The new connection is the rabbet-unbonded horizontal connection, which is composed of rabbets and unbonded rebar segments. The rabbets are used to improve the shear capacity and prevent slippage of the connection, and the unbonded rebar segments are used to improve the ductility and energy dissipation. Three specimens were tested with different parameters under cyclic quasi-static loading. The test results showed that the specimen with a larger unbonded level had a richer hysteresis curve, larger ductility, larger energy dissipation, and slightly smaller bearing capacity. Moreover, in relation to the stiffness degradation, in the initial stage, the specimen with a larger unbonded level had a smaller stiffness, whereas in the last stage, the stiffnesses were similar regardless of the unbonded level. A parameter analysis using a finite element model proved that the ductility and energy dissipation of a shear wall with the rabbet-unbonded horizontal connection increased with the unbonded length and level. In addition, when the axial compression ratio increased, the bearing capacity increased, but the load-displacement curves decreased more rapidly. It was concluded that the unbonded length and unbonded level could effectively improve the ductility and energy dissipation of a shear wall. However, they should not be too large under high pressure, and the design suggestions for the new connection need further research considering other factors.

EMBRYOS OF EARLY CRETACEOUS CHORISTODERA (REPTILIA) FROM THE JEHOL BIOTA IN WESTERN LIAONING, CHINA

Qiang Ji,Shu-an Ji,Junchang Lu,Hailu You,Chong-xi Yuan 한국고생물학회 2006 고생물학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Choristodera는 잘 알려지지 않은 그룹이지만 매우 독특한 해양 파충류로 후기 트라이아스기에서부터 후기 올리고세까지 아시아, 북미, 유럽에 걸쳐 산출된다. 비록 수천 개의 choristodera 표본이 중국 전기 백악기 Jehol biota에서 수집되었지만 바다거북처럼 난태생이였는지 Pachypleurosauria (해양파충류) Keichousaurus hui처럼 태생이었는지 아직 확실하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 우리는 이 논문에서 중국 서부 요녕성의 Jiufotang층에서 산출된 가죽질의 알껍데기가 함께 잘 보존된 Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis (파충류, Choristodera)를 보고한다. 이것은 Hyphalosaurus baitai-gouensis 같은 choristoderian 파충류가 남중국 Guizhou에서 산출된 후기 트라이아스기 Keichousaurus hui처럼 태생이었을 것임을 지시하는 직접적인 첫 번째 증거다. The Choristodera is a poorly known clade, but very a distinctive group of aquatic reptiles, which has been found from the Late Triassic to the Late Oligocene in Asia, North America and Europe. Although thousands of choristoderian specimens have been collected from the Early Cretaceous non-marine beds in Liaoning, China, no direct evidences have been found to determine whether they were oviparous like sea turtles or viviparous like Keichousaurus hui of Pacbypleurosauria (marine reptiles). Here we report a well-preserved specimen of Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis with leathery embryonic eggs from the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, China. It provides the first direct evidence to indicate that choristoderian reptiles are most likely viviparous like Late Triassic Keichousaurus hui from Guizhou, Southern China.

New Species of Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) from Sabah (Northern Borneo), Malaysia

( Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan ),( Chong Shu Yee ),( Foo She Fui ),( Mahadimenakbar Dawood ),( Yee Shin Tan ),( Min-ji Kim ),( Myung Soo Park ),( Young Woon Lim ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.2

The genus Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) is often associated with fungus-feeding termites (Macrotermitinae) due to their strong symbiotic relationships. The genus is widely found exclusively in certain regions of Africa and Asia. They are recognized as edible mushroom within Southeast Asia as well. But it is often misidentified based on morphology by the local communities especially in Malaysia for Chlorophyllum molybdites which is a highly poisonous mushroom. Thus, it is necessary to study the genus for Malaysia with the synergy of using both morphological and molecular identification. In this study, we aim to describe another new species as an addition to the genus Termitomyces found within Sabah, Malaysia. We generated two new sequences (nrLSU and mtSSU) for the new species and a total of 28 nrLSU and mtSSU sequences were retrieved from GenBank for the phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. We identified that the new collection from Sabah province is a new species and named as Termitomyces gilvus based on the termites found in the mound. A phylogeny tree made from the concatenated genes of LSU and mtSSU suggests that T. gilvus is closely related to T. bulborhizus from China. According to our results, the combination of molecular and morphology proved to be a robust approach to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of Termitomyces species in Malaysia. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.

Differences in High Dose Antipsychotic Prescriptions in Patients with Schizophrenia in Asian Countries/Areas: Findings from the REAP-AP Study

Yong Chon Park,Shu-Yu Yang,Mian-Yoon Chong,Shigenobu Kanba,Norman Sartorius,Naotaka Shinfuku,Chay-Hoon Tan,Seon-Cheol Park 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.11

The REAP-AP study recruited 3,746 patients with schizophrenia, in March and April 2016, from 71 centers in 15 Asian countries/territories namely Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Our findings reveal a trend according to which high dose antipsychotic prescription is more prevalent in Eastern Asia (especially, Japan and Korea) than in other regions of Asia. This historical factor may be associated with our finding of an Eastern Asian preponderance of high dose antipsychotic prescription.