Propofol 마취와 Enflurane 마취간의 인지기능 및 정신운동기능의 회복에 관한 비교

박종민,이재민,김성년 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.30 No.3

Backgrounds: For out-patient anesthesia a safe and rapid postoperative recovery, especially, the full recovery of psychological function for $quot;street fitness$quot; has become increasingly important. Up to the present, the scoring system - Steward postanesthesia recovery score - has been frequently used for the decision of discharge. But this system focuses on recovery of vital signs, other objective tests are needed to investigate cognitive and psychomotor function which is suitable for estimation of $quot;street fitness$quot;. Methods: The propofol group(n=70) received fentanyl 0.8 ㎍/kg followed by propofol I mg/kg for anesthesia induction. Continuous propofol infusion was initiated upon induction. Ventilation was supported with N₂O-O₂ mixture. The enflurane group(n=70) was induced with sodium thiopental 4 mg/kg. 2.0 vo1% of enflurane with N₂O-O₂ mixture was initiated immediately upon induction. Both group received vecuronium 0.08 mg/kg as muscle relaxants. We measured Steward postanesthesia recovery score as scoring sm and seven kinds of parameters as cognitive and psychomotor function test. The tests were performed at three measurement points; the day before the operation and 30, 60 minutes after extubation. Results: By the scoring system, no difference in recovery score at postop. 60 min. could be found between two groups. But by the cognitive and psychomotor function test, propofol group showed significantly better recovery than enflurane group at all tests, reaching control values at postop. 60 min. Conclusions: The scoring system is not suitable method for decision of discharge, thus cognitive and psychomotor function test should be performed for $quot;street fitness$quot; after outpatient anesthesia. Propofol was associated with less impairment in cognitive and psychomotor function than enflurane.

반복성, 다의성, 그리고 문장분해

이종민 대한언어학회 1994 언어학 Vol.2 No.-

Lee, Chong-min (1994) Recursivenes, ambiguity, and sentence complexity. Linguistics, vol. 2. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the sentence complexity, focussing on the structrural recursiveness and ambiguity. When a person starts to understand the comprehension process of complex sentences, the two factors of recursion and ambiguity should be resolved for a fuller contextual information. Further, the principle of disambiguation is proposed to account for the technical strategies of complex sentences.

척추수술시 LABETALOL 을 이용한 유도저혈압

김종수,도상환,민성원 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.1

The effect of labetalol on induced hypotension was studied in 13 patients undergoing major spine surgery. Hypotension was induced with initial dose of labetalol 0.4 mg/kg i.v. followed by 0.01 mg/kg/min i.v.infusion. BP, HR, and CVP were measured before, during, and after hypotension. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (0.5-2 vol%) and N2O in 50% O2 supplemented by pancuronium. The time to systolic BP 75-85 mmHg or mean BP 55-65 mmHg was 18.5±2.8min and the time for systolic BP to recover 90% of prehypotensive value was 45.5±4.2 min. Heart rate was reduced signiTicantly after hypotension but remained stable at 80-90 beats/min thereafter. Central venous pressure showed no significant change irrespective of hypotension. The results suggest that combined use of fentanyl with labetalol or disuse of pancumnium may reduce the required dose of labetalol.

노인환자에서 척추마취시 Benzodiazepine 계 약물의 효과

조남수,김용일,유병식,정종달,임경준,김민출 대한마취과학회 1993 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.26 No.2

Midazolam, a water soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam as the changes of eardiopulmonary function during sedation under the spinal anesthesia in elderly patients. The results were as follows; 1) Cardiovascular effect. At the conclusion after diazepam 0.05 mg/kg(Group D) or midazolam 0.02 mg/kg(Group M) injection, systolic, diastolic pressure and heart rate were significantly decreased(P$lt;0.05) in the both group from 3 min to 30 min, but maintained within normal range. However, it is not significant difference that each group. 2) Respiratory effect. SaO decreased significantly at 3 min. in M-group after midazolam injection but there was not significant difference from change in D-group. Respiratory rate, pH and PaCO₂ were not significantly changed between D-group and M-group. However, PaO₂ was significantly decreased(p$lt;0.05) within normal range at 3 min. in M-group after midazolam IV and significant difference between both groups. From the above results, We have concluded that IV administrationf small dose of diazepam or midaaolam during spinal anesthesia had a little changed in cardiopulmonary function. However, sedative effect was efficient.

絅堂 徐應淳의 古文觀 : 重菴 金平默과의 古文논쟁의 검토를 겸하여

鄭珉 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1988 韓國學論集 Vol.13 No.-

This paper surveys Pong-soh school's 鳳棲學派 view on the oid prose style with Kyong-tang So, Ung-Sun 絅堂 徐應淳 in the center. It was important to the development of the old prose style 古文 in the later Choson Dynasty. So, Ung-Sun was a successor of Pong-soh Yu, Shin-Hwan,鳳棲 兪莘換his teacher. His study on the old prose style was more systematic and profound in practicability. He said that the most ideal style was Zhiwen 至文(a weary style), and Liyanjingshen 立言精神(the spirit of assertion oneself) was the final aim. As to writing in the good lod prose style, he stated the followings. 1) Realize Shengqi 聲氣sound's vitality) of ancients. 2) Equip requisites for the old prose style through Yangqi 養氣(culti-vation of vitality). 3) Write comprehensibly using easy words. He also said that the learning order of writing realized the writings of Tangsong badajia 唐宋八大家(eight great writers of the Dang Dyuasty and the Song Dynasty in China) first, and then Lunyu論語(the Analects of Confucius) and Mengzi 孟子. But Chung-am Kim, Pyong-Muk 重菴金平默 retorted it against Kyong-tang's view on the old prose style. Their violent disputaion was derived from the difference between a stylist and a scholar. It has very great significance. In this stydy, I translate the original on their disputaion, also survey the process.

원광의대 부속 제 2병원 신경정신과 환자에 대한 통계적 고찰

박민철,김종주,박남진,오상우,권혁일,권영숙,박종호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1986 圓光醫科學 Vol.2 No.2

We examined 1,856 patients who visited Won Kwang Neuropsychiatric hospital since July 11 of 1984(since the hospital opened) until June 11 of 1986. We researched diagnostic and other distributions of inpatients and outpatients. The study revealed as follows : 1. Of total patients males visited this hospital more than females as 52.7%. Most of them(67.1 %) resided in Iri, Iksan and Kimje. In the point of insurance, insured patients and uninsured patients except medicaids were 73 %. Males(60%) were more insured medically than females (55.4%). While insured patients relatively resided in urban area, but uninsured patients except medicaids did in rural area. 2. Of outpatients neurotic disorder was the most as 35.1%, secondly schizophrenic disorder and thirdly affective disorder, but of inpatients schizophrenic disorder was the most as 41.4%, secondly neurotic disorder thirdly affective disorder. 3. Alcohol abuse (98.2 %), paranoid disorder, convulsive disorder and child mental disorder were mostly found in males, but neurotic disorder (59 .6 %), affective disorder and other psychotic disorder were mostly found in females. 4. In unmarried ones schizophrenic disorder ( 43 .6 %), neurotic disorder, other psychotic disorder were common, but in married ones neurotic disorder (55.1 %), schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder were common. 5. On the distribution of age schizophrenic disorder was found the most in the twenties (28.4 %), next in the thirties and in the forties, but neurotic disorder was found the most in the thirties, next in the twenties and in the forties. 6. On the distribution of age at onset schizophrenic disorder develops mostly during the twenties (45.5 %), secondly during the teens and thirdly during the thirties, but neurotic disorder develops mostly during the thirties and the twenties (53.1 %). 7. On the duration of hospitalization 34.4% of the patients was hospitalized during less than 15 days, 22.0% during 60-90 days and 80.4% during less than 3 months. 8. In the result of treatment 41.2% of the patients was improved and 31.7% a little improved. In total 72.9% of the patients got helped therapeutically.

가격상한 규제에 대한 연구

김종민 국민대학교 경제연구소 2001 국민경제연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 자연 독점 산업에 대한 대표적인 규제의 하나인 가격 상한제의 이론적 문제점과 현실에 적용하는 경우 최적의 X값을 찾기 위해서는 어떠한 방법을 사용하는 것이 적절한 것인지에 대하여 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 RPI-X로 대변되는 가격 상한제의 경우 X의 계산이 가지는 의미에 대하여 살펴보고 이를 도출하기 위해서, 이론적인 방법과 반복계산에 의한 방법이 가지는 차이점을 살펴보았다. X갑의 계산을 총 요소생산성 증가율과 연관시키는 방법은 이러한 과정에 필요한 가정의 현실성에 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 규제 대상 기업의 회계자료를 이용하여 반복적 계산을 통하여 X값으 계산하는 경우는 이러한 가정들로부터 자유로운 반면, 규제의 단순함이라는 가격 상한제 본래의 장점을 퇴색시킬 수 있다. 반복 계산을 이용하여 X값을 계산하기 위해서는 규제 대상 기업의 규제기간 필요수입의 계산이 필요하며, 이 자료가 주어지면 여러 가지 X값을 이용하여 규제수입을 계산한다. 이 중 필요수입과 가장 근사한 값을 생성해내는 X값을 선택하는 방법이 반복계산에 의한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 자료를 이용하여 이 과정이 어떻게 이루어지는지 살펴보았다. RPI-X regulation is one of the most important incentive regulation. The purpose of this paper is to study RPI-X regulation and to investigate how to choose the optimal value of X. Two most common methods of calculating X are reviewed. The first method is to calculate X using total factor productivity. Another way is to use a simulation method using regulated firm's financial data. In order to use the simulation method, the required revenue stream for the regulated firm is necessary to calculate X. The X which generates the most similar regulated stream to the required revenue stream will be chosen. An example is given to show how to calculate the value of X using financial data.

人參 根腐病에 關한 硏究<第二報> : 人參圃 土壤中의 菌類에 垂直分布 및 菌種 分類에 대하여

金倧熙,李敏雄 東國大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

本 實驗은 人蔘圃 土壤中 根腐病이 發生한 곳과 發病않은 無病地 및 人蔘을 耕作않았든 土壤을 選定하여 捷息하는 菌類의 土壤別 垂直分包와 菌類를 分類하였고 土壤의 物理化學的 性質을 調査하여 다음과 같은 結果를 報告하고자 한다. 1. 土壤의 酸度는 各個 土壤이 均一하고 모두 酸性을 나타냈다. 2. 有機物의 含量은 5%의 有意差가 있어 無耕作地>羅病地>無病地와 같은 關係가 있다. 3. 無機物의 含量으로 CA과 Ksms 差異가 없고 P_2O_5와 Mg는 無病地와 蕪耕作地보다 5%의 有意差로 더 많이 함유하였다. 4. Cs와 Fs値는 無病地가 羅病地와 無耕作地 보다 5% 有意差로 差異가 있다. 5. Silt는 無病地가 他地區보다 더 적은 5%의 有意差가 있었다. 6. 水分含量은 統計的으로 差異이나 無病地에 比較的 적게 含有되엇다. 7. 菌類의 垂直分布는 一般的으로 各土壤 供히 表土層에 多數分布하는 경향이 있고 深層에 가까울수록 적어지는 경향이 있다. 統計的으로 無病地는 地區 보다 적으며 5%의 有意差가 있었다. 8. 羅病地 土壤은 10屬 21種의 菌腫이 分布하고 Aspergillus와 Penicillium屬이 多數分布하고 Rhizopus와 Nigrospora屬의 分布가 적었다. 9. 無病地는 12屬 17種으로 Asp. Pen. 및 Spicaria屬 등의 分布가 多數이고 Mucor Marrsonia 및 Rhizoctonia屬 등이 적게 분포하였다. 10. 無耕作地는 10屬 10種이 分布하고 Asp. Peb.屬이 多數分布하고 Hyalopus屬와 Thamnidium屬이 적게 分布하였다. This study was carried out March, 1973. the aim of this study was to know the relationship between soil conditions and population of vertical fungi distribution and species founded in the soil of uncultivated plot of ginseng diseased and healthy plot of ginseng in Kang wha-Gun, Korea. Acidity of each soil was uniformly acid. Organic matter content was 5 per cent significance in each soil; uncultivated plot was significance to diseased and healthy plot, and diseased plot was significance to healthy plot. As inorganic matter, Ca and K contents were uniform in all plot, but P_2O_5 and Mg were 5 per cent significance; healthy plot contain more quantity than the other two plot. Cs and Fs value were 5 per cent significance; healthy plot contatin more quantity than the other two plot. Silt was also 5 per cent significance; uncultivated and diseased plot contain more quantity than healthy plot. Moisture content was statistically uniform in all plot, but it was less in healthy plot. Numbers of fungi were largely distributed on the surface soil, and decrease with depth. As the numbers of fungi, healthy plot was significance to other two plot which cantain larger numbers. As to the species, diseased plot had 10 genera and 21 species, healthy plot had 12 genera and 17 species, and uncultivated plot had 10 genera 10 species. There was dominantly populated Aspergillus, Penicillum and Spicaria, but Rhizopus, Nigrospora, Marrsonia, Rhizoctonia, Hyalopus and Thamnidum group genera were recessively distributed.

全北大學校 邊山演習林의 森林資源

朴鍾旻,金榮浩 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate Forest Resources which is basic materials for the rational management of Byunsan Experiment Forests of Chonbuk National University. That forest resources had been surveyed in 1990. The main results of this research are summarized as follows; Byunsan Experiment Forests was established with gratuitous loaning forests (5,948.29ha) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in 1959. But, its area reduced to 2.006.51ha in 1976. The area of each forest type is consist of forest 406.76ha, hardwood stands 1,295.53ha, mixed stands 276.43ha, and non-forest land 27.79ha. The everage growing stock of stocked land and total forest land in 55.32㎥/ha, 51.60㎥/ha respectively. The everage growing stock of each forest type is coniferous forest 67.16㎥/ha, hardwood stands 51.25㎥/ha, mixed stands 56.40㎥/ha. Total growing stock of whole the Experiment Forests is 103,542.78㎥. The equation of diameter growing rate in the stands of point and oak P_D = 20.671 D^-0.8139 and P_D = 22.889 D^-0.9113. The correlation equation between DBH and Hight of each stands is H_p = 4.019 D^0.3153, H_Q =2.556 D^0.5150 respectively.

인간적 유한성의 극복 : Keats의 'Great Odes' 관한 연구 A Study on Keat's 'Great Odes'

李鍾珉 全北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The prevailing mood of Keats's 'Great Odes' is melancholy which is caused by the notion that Beauty must die and that Joy or Pleasure is inevitably transient and is turned into poison at the moment of its highest perfection, that is, that the human is mortal and impermanent. In his 'Great Odes' Keats tries to overcome this impermanence of human being. In "Ode on Melancholy" he recommends indulgence in melancholy itself, not easy escape from it by means of opium or suicide, as the means of overcoming of melancholy. In "Ode to a Nightingale" the song of Nightingale is suggested as a symbol of permanence. And its main concern is how to fade away into the eternal world of the Nightingale's song not without 'all breathing human passion.' Grecian urn is suggested as a more satisfactory symbol of permanence or immortality, but it is a 'Cold Pastoral' which has nothing to do with 'all breathing human passion.' In "Ode to Psyche" what Keats tries to do is a 'resolution of tension between sexual love and spiritual values,' that is, a reconciliation of the mortal human world of 'all breathing human passion' of Eros with the immortal world of pure and spiritual love of Psyche. In "To Autumn" Keats tries to say that the impermanence of a season or of an individual should not be mourned because the change of the seasons cannot be regarded as an absolute end and because the impermanent life of an individual, in the long run, composes up the greater permanence. It cannot be assumed that Keats succeeds in the efforts to resolve these conflicting desires. What is important is that he does not give up these efforts, nor is satisfied with an easy resolution. The aim of this thesis is to trace his endless efforts of these through his "Great Odes' and to illuminate his views of beauty, art and life illustrated in these odes.