Farnesol Production Using Engineering Mevolonate Pathway in E. coli

Chong-Long Wang,Sook-Hee Lee,Asad Ali Shah,Hui-Jeong Jang,Jong-Wook Song,Seo-Hee Kang,Eui-Sung Choi,Seon-Won Kim 한국생물공학회 2009 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

한자를 활용한 글로벌 브랜드디자인의 가능성

총롱 ( Long Chong ),이지현 ( Ji-hyun Lee ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2014 한국디자인포럼 Vol.45 No.-

유엔(United nations)에서 공식으로 사용하는 아랍어, 중국어, 영어, 프랑스어, 러시아어, 스페인어 중 중국어는 한자문화권(漢字文化圈) 인구와 세계 각국에 설립된 공자학원에서 중국문화 및 중국어를 학습하고 있는 인구를 포함하면 가장 파급력이 큰 언어이다. 그러나 언어도 국가 경쟁력과 밀접한 관련이 있기에 세계 주류 언어로서 영어가 가장 활발하게 통용되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 영어를 활용하여 디자인된 브랜드 아이덴티티 또한 글로벌하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 최근 중국의 5분기 경제성장률이 평균 7.7%대를 유지하고 있고 구매력평가(purchasing power parity) 기준으로 올해 말 미국경제를 추월하여 세계 1위의 경제대국으로 등극할 것이라는 전망(인터넷서울경제, 2014.4.30)이다. 이처럼 중국어의 확장성과 국가 경쟁력이 세계 최정상을 향해 강화되고 있기에 한자로 제작된 브랜드디자인도 국제적으로 사용될 가능성이 높아지고 있음을 예측할 수 있다. 중국어의 기록시스템인 한자는 다음 4가지 특징으로 인해 글로벌 한자브랜드로서 성공할 가능성이 높다. 첫째, 한자는 상형문자(象形文字)에서 표의문자(表意文字)로 발전하였기에 사물의 이미지에서부터 추상적인 개념까지 모두 표현할 수 있다. 둘째, 한자는 상형, 지사, 회의, 형성의 제자원리에 의해 만들어져 풍부한 의미와 규칙이 있는 창조적인 문자이다. 지사는 관념을 표현하며 회의는 여러 개의 글자들이 모여 의미를 유추할 수 있는 새로운 글자를 만든다. 그리고 한자의 90% 이상은 형성자(形聲字)로서 발음과 의미부분으로 구성되어 있어 의미를 파악하고 발음하기 쉽다. 셋째, 한자의 외형은 네모꼴이며 내부 요소의 편방부수(偏旁部首)와 필획(筆劃)은 원으로 규정되는 단순한 조형 원리로 구성되어 있다. 즉, 한자는 조형의 기본도형들로 이루어져 있어 디자인이 용이하다. 마지막으로, 한자는 개성에 따라 다양한 스타일을 창출할 수 있는 예술이자 소통의 도구이다. 베이징올림픽 엠블럼디자인, 중국공상은행과 제일자동자회사의 심벌디자인은 이러한 한자의 특성을 토대로 제작되어 세계적으로 높은 브랜드 인지도와 가치를 평가받은 한자 브랜드디자인이다. 3건의 사례에서 확인하였듯이 한자로 제작된 브랜드디자인은 소통의 도구로써 글로벌한 인지도를 형성하고 국제적으로 통용될 수 있는 가능성이 매우 높다. The 6 official languages used at the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Chinese among them has the biggest impact as a tool of communication due to large populations of the Chinese character cultural sphere, and the ones who learn all about Chinese culture and Chinese language at Confucius Institutes around the world. Like nation`s defense and economy, language has a closer relationship with national competitiveness. Therefore English is considered as the most dominant global language of communications. For the same reason, it is common to create brand design in English throughout the world. Recently, U.S. competitiveness has been weakening relative to its competitor, China. economic growth of last 5 quarters of China kept 7.7 percent on average, and the China`s economy is likely to exceed the American economy at the end of 2014 to be the most powerful economic power in the world based on purchasing power parity. As such, China`s competitiveness has been rising to the world`s best to require development of global brand design that has made use of the Chinese characters. The Chinese characters called hanzi are logograms used in the recording of Chinese. They have 4 characteristics to be successful global brands: First, Chinese characters have been developed from pictographs to logograms to express not only pictures resemble what they depict but also abstract images. Second, Chinese characters are classified into four categories based on the principles of character formation. There are pictographs, simple ideographs, compound ideographs, and phono-semantic compounds. Ideograms illustrate abstract ideas through iconic forms or arbitrary signs, and compound ideographs are combination of two or more pictographs or simple ideographs to create a new character with a third meaning. more than 90 percent of all existing Chinese characters are phono-semantic compounds. They consist of two parts that have rules to be easy to understand and pronounce: a semantic element which suggests at the meaning of the character on one side, and a phonetic element which hints to the pronunciation of the character on the other side. Third, Chinese characters can be simplified very basic visual symbols, like circles and squares of affiliated strokes and radicals to design brand identity easily. Lastly, Chinese characters is said to be not only the art of the writing that can stylize characters depending upon calligraphy or writing instruments but also communication tools. Beijing 2008 Summer Olympic Game`s emblem design titled `Dancing Beijing`, the Industry and Commerce Bank of China, and the FAW`s symbol design were designed by reflecting characteristics of Chinese characters and gained global reputations in brand design. As shown by these very successful samples, brand designs in Chinese characters have possibilities as world brands.

Parameter Design and Power Flow Control of Energy Recovery Power Accumulator Battery Pack Testing System

Long Bo,Kil To Chong 대한전기학회 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.4

This paper proposes a special power circuit topology and its corresponding control strategy for an energy recovery power accumulator battery pack testing system (PABPTS), which is particularly used in electric vehicles. Firstly, operation principle and related parameter design for the system are illustrated. Secondly, control strategy of the composite power converter for PABPTS is analyzed in detail. The improved scheme includes a high accuracy charge and discharge current closed loop. active power reference for the grid-side inverter is provided by the result of multiplication between battery pack terminal voltage and test current. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme could not only satisfy the requirements for PABPTS with widerange current test, but also could recover the discharging energy to the power grid with high efficiency.

A Novel Phase Locked Loop for Grid-Connected Converters under Non-Ideal Grid Conditions

Long-Yue Yang,Chong-Lin Wang,Jian-Hua Liu,Chen-Xi Jia 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.1

Grid synchronization is one of the key techniques for the grid-connected power converters used in distributed power generation systems. In order to achieve fast and accurate grid synchronization, a new phase locked loop (PLL) is proposed on the basis of the complex filter matrixes (CFM) orthogonal signal generator (OSG) crossing-decoupling method. By combining first-order complex filters with relation matrixes of positive and negative sequence voltage components, the OSG is designed to extract specific frequency orthogonal signals. Then, the OSG mathematical model is built in the frequency-domain and time-domain to analyze the spectral characteristics. Moreover, a crossing-decoupling method is suggested to decouple the fundamental voltage. From the eigenvalue analysis point of view, the stability and dynamic performance of the new PLL method is evaluated. Meanwhile, the digital implementation method is also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage conditions.

Sliding Mode Control of Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverters via State Feedback

Long-Yue Yang,Jian-Hua Liu,Chong-Lin Wang,Gui-Fu Du 전력전자학회 2014 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.14 No.5

To optimize controller design and improve static and dynamic performances of three-phase four-leg inverter systems, a compound control method that combines state feedback and quasi-sliding mode variable structure control is proposed. The linear coordinate change matrix and the state variable feedback equations are derived based on the mathematical model of three-phase four-leg inverters. Based on system relative degrees, sliding surfaces and quasi-sliding mode controllers are designed for converted linear systems. This control method exhibits the advantages of both state feedback and sliding mode control. The proposed controllers provide flexible dynamic control response and excellent stable control performance with chattering suppression. The feasibility of the proposed strategy is verified by conducting simulations and experiments.

Effects of Ohmic Area Etching on Buffer Breakdown Voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMT

Chong Wang,Xiao-Xiao Wel,Meng-Di Zhao,Yun-Long He,Xue-Feng Zheng,Wei Mao,Xiao-Hua Ma,Jin-Cheng Zhang,Yue Hao 한국전기전자재료학회 2017 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.18 No.3

This study is on how ohmic area etching affects the buffer breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The surfacemorphology of the ohmic metal can be improved by whole etching on the ohmic area. The buffer breakdown voltagesof the samples with whole etching on the ohmic area were improved by the suppression of the metal spikes formedunder the ohmic contact regions during high-temperature annealing. The samples with selective etching on theohmic area were investigated for comparison. In addition, the buffer leakage currents were measured on the differentradii of the wafer, and the uniformity of the buffer leakage currents on the wafer were investigated by PL mappingmeasurement.

A Novel Phase Locked Loop for Grid-Connected Converters under Non-Ideal Grid Conditions

Yang, Long-Yue,Wang, Chong-Lin,Liu, Jian-Hua,Jia, Chen-Xi The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.1

Grid synchronization is one of the key techniques for the grid-connected power converters used in distributed power generation systems. In order to achieve fast and accurate grid synchronization, a new phase locked loop (PLL) is proposed on the basis of the complex filter matrixes (CFM) orthogonal signal generator (OSG) crossing-decoupling method. By combining first-order complex filters with relation matrixes of positive and negative sequence voltage components, the OSG is designed to extract specific frequency orthogonal signals. Then, the OSG mathematical model is built in the frequency-domain and time-domain to analyze the spectral characteristics. Moreover, a crossing-decoupling method is suggested to decouple the fundamental voltage. From the eigenvalue analysis point of view, the stability and dynamic performance of the new PLL method is evaluated. Meanwhile, the digital implementation method is also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage conditions.

Adaptive Second-order Sliding Mode Control of Electrical Throttles Based on Online Zero-crossing Checking

Yun Long,Chong Yao,En-Zhe Song,Quan Dong,Yan-Min Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.2

In this paper, an adaptive second-order sliding mode control approach is proposed for the performance improvement of electronic throttles (ET). Based on the traditional twisting approach, a novel adaptation mechanism based on the online zero-crossing checking is contained in the modified approach to make the control magnitude of the controller at the minimum admissible level. The idea behind it is to calculate the number of zero-crossings of the sliding surface in real time. The guaranteed stability condition and convergence region of the system are also deduced. In order to further prove its high adaptation capability, the commonly used adaptation mechanism called the Lyapunov-based type is also introduced for comparative study. Simulations and experiments validate the proposed approach with the advantages of chattering elimination, high speed and accuracy in the control of ET systems.

Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Terpyridines

Zhao, Long-Xuan,Sherchan, Jyoti,Park, Jung-Ki,Jahng, Yurng-Dong,Jeong, Byeong-Seon,Jeong, Tae-Cheon,Lee, Chong-Soon,Lee, Eung-Seok The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.12

For the development of novel antitumor agents, we designed and synthesized terpyridines, and their biological activities were evaluated. Although most of the newly prepared terpyridines showed strong cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines, [2,2';6',2"]-terpyridine displayed the most significant cytotoxicity.

Noradrenergic Modulation of Spontaneous Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Lee, Long-Hwa,Chong, Won-Ee,Lee, Ki-Ho,Park, Jin-Bong,Ryu, Pan-Dong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2002 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.6 No.2

Previous studies have suggested that brain stem noradrenergic inputs differentially modulate neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Here, we compared the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in identified PVN neurons using slice patch technique. In 17 of 18 type I neurons, NE $(30{\sim}100{\mu}M)$ reversibly decreased sIPSC frequency to $41{\pm}7%$ of the baseline value $(4.4{\pm}0.8\;Hz,\;p<0.001).$ This effect was blocked by yohimbine $(2{\sim}20{\mu}M),$ an ${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor$ antagonist and mimicked by clonidine $(50{\mu}M),$ an ${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor$ agonist. In contrast, NE increased sIPSC frequency to $248{\pm}32%$ of the control $(3.06{\pm}0.37\;Hz,\;p<0.001)$ in 31 of 54 type II neurons, but decreased the frequency to $41{\pm}7$ of the control $(5.5{\pm}1.3\;Hz)$ in the rest of type II neurons (p<0.001). In both types of PVN neurons, NE did not affect the mean amplitude and decay time constant of sIPSCs. In addition, membrane input resistance and amplitude of sIPSC of type I neurons were larger than those of type II neurons tested (1209 vs. 736 $M{\Omega},$ p<0.001; 110 vs. 81 pS, p<0.001). The results suggest that noradrenergic modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the PVN decreases the neuronal excitability in most type I neurons via ${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor,$ however, either increases in about 60% or decreases in 40% of type II neurons.