돈육 가공공정에서 돈육과 작업자 손 간의 Salmonella spp.의 교차오염 비교

홍종해,박경진,Hong, Chong-Hae,Bahk, Gyung-Jin 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This study describes cross-contamination events that occur in animal food processing. We analyzed the number of Salmonella spp. contamination transferred from pork meat to workers' hands (wearing polyethylene gloves; PG, cotton gloves; CG, and bare hands), cutting boards and knives, and vice versa. Transfer rate of CG 38.80% was higher than that of PG 3.11% and bare hands 1.35%. In particular, when wearing CG, the transfer rate from the CG to bare hands with CG was 0.07%. Also, the range of transfer rates from the contaminated pork meat to cutting board and knife was 0.20-1.99%. In contrast, the transfer rates from the worker's hands (with PG/CG and bare hands) to cutting board, knife, and pork meat ranged from 0.0015-0.21%. There was a lower transfer rate from workers' hands than from pork meat. These findings indicate that the use of PG compared with CG could effectively reduce or prevent the cross-contamination and provide important information concerning the consecutive transfer of Salmonella spp. during food processing.

축산물가공장 HACCP system 평가방법 개선방안

홍종해 ( Chong Hae Hong ),이성모 ( Sung Mo Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2011 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

According to the Korean government policy of expanding HACCP system application to food chain from farm to meat market, the importance of HACCP assessment to keep balance among the certified HACCP plants is urged. The objective of this study is to recommend more effective HACCP assessment methods. We reviewed major foreign countries HACCP implementation policy focused on the audit system, and compared with the Korean HACCP assessment system. We found that the checklist guidelines of prerequisite program were not enough for precise evaluation and many of the items were not directly related to the risk occurrences. And current rating grade for each items and judgments were inadequate to induce non-compliances and corrections for better HACCP implementation. We suggest revision points as follows; (1) checklists should be revised and reorganized according to the possibility of risk occurrences, (2) all the items should be supported by detailed guidelines for more objective inspection, (3) non-compliances identified must be reconfirmed after correction, (4) the items for HACCP plan should be divided into an accreditation inspection and a regular inspection, (5) rating grade ``high``, ``medium``, ``low``, ``failure`` was better for indicating non-compliances.

국내에서의 동물에 물린 환자에 대한 공수병 예방백신 접종결정에 관한 연구

홍종해(Chong Hae Hong) 한국예방수의학회 1993 예방수의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

In spite of low rabies risk in the southern part of Korean peninsula, the possibility of rabies incidence still exists especially in the vicinity of the Demilitarized Zone. This study was conducted to investigate the appropriate use of post-exposure rabies immunization focused on how the administration of Human Deploid Cell Rabies Vaccine(HDCV) was decided at the Rabies Advisory Board, by using the animal bite control system at the Evacuation Hospital of US Forces Korea. All the available information of 485 cases of bite accidents were collected through the patient interview and the bite animal tracing during 1984-1992. The rate of the Board convened was 17.1% of all bite cases. The Eoard was convened to determine the initiation of HDCV administration was 4.3% of all bite incidences. Vaccination status of the animal was most significant variable reviewed when making this important decision at the Board(P<0.01). Of the animal not secured, the highest HDCV decision rate was 66.7% in case of stray animal bite and followed by 54.5% of animal death during quarantine. In case of death or abnormal behavior of the animal during the quarantine, the brain was sent to the laboratory for FRA and MI testing. All the results were negative and the HDCV administrations were discontinued.

온도와 시간을 주요 변수로 한 냉장 돈육에서의 native isolated Listeria monocytogenes에 대한 성장예측모델

홍종해(Chong-Hae Hong),심우창(Woo-Chang Sim),천석조(Seok-Jo Chun),김용수(Young-Su Kim),오덕환(Deog-Hwan Oh),하상도(Sang-Do Ha),최원상(Weon-Sang Choi),박경진(Gyung-Jin Bahk) 한국식품과학회 2005 한국식품과학회지 Vol.37 No.5

축산물 HACCP교육 훈련 효율화 방안

홍종해 ( Chong Hae Hong ),권오건 ( O Gun Kwon ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2011 예방수의학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) training is a basic element for a successful HACCP implementation in food industry. To train the HACCP professionals, nine training institutes are designated as a HACCP training center in Korea. We analyzed current HACCP training program and its management system, and suggest some points to be made up for more advanced effects of training. These include: (1) development of specified courses and contents to step up the level of HACCP operating and inspecting skills, (2) development and use of standardized teaching materials among institutes, (3) appointment of full-time lecturer to training institutes, (4) buildup of practical exercise in all HACCP courses, (5) nationwide distribution of training institutes.

Selective administration of human postexposure rabies prophylaxis for animal bite control at the US army in Korea

Chong Hae Hong(洪鍾海),Yong Wook Lee(李容旭) 한국예방수의학회 1992 예방수의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

한국은 사람과 동물의 狂犬病 發生危險이 적은 지역이지만 野生動物의 生態界가 유지되고 있는 非武裝地帶를 中心으로 한 경기도 및 강원도 일원은 여전히 狂犬에 의한 暴露 危險性이 존재하고 있다. 따라서 서울 근교 및 경기지방에. 밀집되어 있는 軍 基地를 중심으로 生活環境이 制限되어 있는 駐韓美軍 및 家族과 民間人 從業員은 그 暴露 危險性이 상대적으로 높다고 하겠다. 駐韓 美空軍은 동물에 물린 모든 환자는 즉시 병원에 보고하도록 하여 傷處部位에 대한 治療와 함께 발생상황에 따라 事後 豫防接種을 실시하고 있다. 정확한 事件 情報를 얻기 위하여 환자의 상황 설명과 물은 動物의 健康狀態를 기록하며 그리고 動物을 捕獲ㆍ隔離시켜 10日間 觀察하고 있다. 관찰기간동안 非正常的인 行動이 발견되면 즉시 腦組職에서 광견병 바이러스 존재여부를 검사한다. 포획되지 못한 동물의 경우는 擔當醫師와 獸醫將校 및 豫防醫學 將校로 구성된 諮問會議를 거쳐서 사건의 상황을 신중히 檢討한 後 豫防接種 與否를 결정한다. 지난 4년동안(1988-1991) 보고된 동물에 물린 患者數는 228名으로 87.7%가 개에 물린 환자였다. 이 중에서 5件의 動物 腦組職 檢査를 실시하였으며 결과는 모두 陰性이었다. 7件의 事後豫防接種을 받은 경우는 모두 營外에서 물린 경우였고, 그중 6件은 개, 1件은 원숭이에 의한 발생이었다. 사건은 공통적으로 動物을 刺戟해서 발생된 것이었으나 정확한 판단이 어려운 2件은 동물의 健康狀態를 확인할 수 없었으므로 즉시 예방접종을 시작하였다. 隔離 觀察이 가능한 3件은 發生場所가 野山과 숲이 많은 곳으로 규정에 따라 事後 豫防接種을 시작하였고 動物 觀察期間동안 異常狀態가 發見되지 않으면 豫防接種을 실시하였다. 한국과 같이 狂犬病 發生危險이 낮은 곳은 事後 豫防接種의 投與 決定時 규정에 따른 一括的인 適用보다는, 各 事件의 정확한 情報蒐集과 狀況情報에 따라 유연하게 적용하는 것이 예방접종에 따른 副作用이나 經濟的인 負擔을 줄일 수 있는 바람직한 방법인 것으로 판단되었다.

단보 : 국내산 돼지고기 포장육가공장에서의 serotyping과 PEGE genotyping을 통한 Listeria monocytogenes의 오염 추적

홍종해 ( Chong Hae Hong ),정지헌 ( Ji Hun Jung ) 한국수의공중보건학회 2010 예방수의학회지 Vol.34 No.1

식육판매업소의 HACCP 선행요건 평가항목 간소화 방안

홍종해 ( Chong Hae Hong ),윤장원 ( Jang Won Yoon ) 한국동물위생학회 2014 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.37 No.4

HACCP system application has been expanded to livestock products chain from farm to table in Korea. However, it requires flexible application with modified simple model in order to activate its application in small businesses such as butcher shop. We calculated non-compliance rates to identify weak points of prerequisite requirements and choosed main contents to be controlled as a simplified prerequisite program in butcher shops. The data used for the analysis of non-compliance rates were based on the HACCP accreditation evaluation inspection reports conducted by Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service. Among the existing 51 evaluation items, we suggested 28 items of prerequisite requirements for the butcher shops.

식육판매장의 HACCP system 운용 개선을 위한 제언

홍종해 ( Chong-hae Hong ),강천근 ( Cheon Kun Kang ) 한국동물위생학회 2012 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system application is expanded to food chain from farm to table to supply safe livestock products with consumers in Korea. The objectives of this study were to analyze the HACCP operating conditions in butcher shops and to suggest for better HACCP implementation. We analyzed the HACCP inspection reports for butcher shops implemented by the Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service from 2007 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2012 to compare the rate of HACCP non-compliances. The overall rate of non-compliances was higher in 2010∼2012 than 2007∼2009. The current inadequate HACCP operating level was directly related with the business size. Ninety-nine percent of the butcher shops were very small business with under 10 em-ployees in Korea, and these small-sized businesses usually had great difficulties in implementing HACCP due to lack of technical expertise and financial resources. To overcome the obstacles and to facilitate more effective HACCP application and operation in butcher shops, government should play a leading role in developing flexible and simplified HACCP-based system which merges both the pre-requisite and HACCP principles.

식육판매장 HACCP 선행요건의 효율적인 적용을 위한 비교분석

홍종해 ( Chong Hae Hong ),나해서 ( Hae Seo Na ) 한국가축위생학회 2010 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

We analyzed the HACCP prerequisite of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) and the Food Establishment Inspection Report of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to recommend contents and ranges to be complemented and used for preparation of guidelines for more effective application of HACCP prerequisites. We used the HACCP inspection reports implemented by Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service from 2007 to 2009, FDA Food Code 2009 Guide 3-B Instructions for Marking the Food Establishment Inspection Report, and Retail Food Establishment Sanitation Requirements of 410 Indiana Administrative Code. Major non-compliance items were open doors and windows, insanitary cleaning of in-use utensil, inadequate record of warehousing, and improper storage, transportation, and labelling. Hot water supply, personal hygiene, and regular product testing were additional week points which should be more strongly controlled by detailed operating guidelines. Also, current prerequisite items were required revision into more precise contents to enhanced the effective evaluation and practical application in meat markets.