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Choi, B.,Sayeed, H.M.,Islam, S.M.S.,Sohn, S. North-Holland 2017 European journal of pharmacology Vol.813 No.-
<P>CD206 is a macrophage mannose receptor involved in variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic role of CD206 in a herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced Behcet's disease (BD) mouse model. CD206 positive cells were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and quantified by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. CD206 was found to be down-regulated both in vitro (10(-6) M) and in vivo (200 mu g/mouse) after treatment with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), a ligand for CD206. The down-regulation of CD206 was correlated with improvement in BD symptoms. Colchicine (2 mu g/mouse) or pentoxifylline (400 mu g/mouse) treated mice displayed improvement in BD symptoms with fewer CD206 positive cells. The prevalence of CD206-positive cells differed between ligand-responsive and non-responsive BD mice. Inhibition of CD206 was associated with down-regulated serum level of interleukin-17 in GalNAc-treated BD mice. These results suggest that the expression of CD206 is correlated with HSV-induced BD symptoms in mice, implicating that CD206 might have a pathogenic role in BD.</P>
Construction of efficient kd-trees for static scenes using voxel-visibility heuristic
Choi, B.,Chang, B.,Ihm, I. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Computers & graphics Vol.36 No.1
In the ray-tracing community, the surface-area heuristic (SAH) is used as a de facto standard strategy for building high-quality kd-trees. Although widely accepted as the best kd-tree construction method, it is based only on the surface-area measure, which often fails to reflect effectively the rendering characteristics of a given scene. This paper presents new cost metrics that help produce improved kd-trees for static scenes by considering the visibility of geometric objects, which can affect significantly the actual distribution of rays during ray tracing. Instead of the SAH, we apply a different heuristic based on the new concept of voxel visibility, which allows more sophisticated estimation of the chance of a voxel being hit by rays. The first cost metric we present aims at constructing a single kd-tree that is used to trace both primary and secondary rays, whereas the second one is more relevant to secondary rays, involving reflection/refraction or shadowing, whose distribution properties differ from those for primary rays. Our experiments, using both CPU-based and GPU-based computation with several test scenes, demonstrate that the presented cost metrics can reduce markedly the cost of ray-traversal computation and increase significantly the overall frame rate for ray tracing.
Effects of additives Co, La, and Mn for Pt-based carbon oxidation catalysts
Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2008 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.14 No.4
Catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) systems are viewed as the next generation after-treatment system for the diesel vehicle. The CDPF was coated with Pt catalyst to regenerate particulate matters (PM) continuously. This study was conducted to investigate the PM oxidation catalyst for the CDPF system. The promotional effects of additives Co, La, and Mn for Pt-based carbon oxidation catalysts are investigated by a model gas test. The order of temperature that CO formation happens sharply was Mn<Pt<Pt2<La<Co, from low temperature to high temperature order. The additive Mn was able to decrease carbon oxidation temperature by 10<SUP>o</SUP>C more than the Pt-only catalyst. The additive Mn has the advantage of generating CO, and it may have the possibility of NOx reduction. Coexistence of both C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB> and carbon in CDPF (catalyzed DPF) may be helpful to activate the rate of carbon oxidation over the catalyst sites.
Dendritic Ni(Cu)-polypyrrole hybrid films for a pseudo-capacitor
Choi, B.,Chun, W.,Qian, A.,Lee, S.,Chung, C. H. Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Nanoscale Vol.7 No.44
<P>Dendritic Ni(Cu)-polypyrrole hybrid films are fabricated for a pseudo-capacitor in a unique morphology using two simple methods: electro-deposition and electrochemical de-alloying. Three-dimensional structures of porous dendrites are prepared by electro-deposition within the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a high cathodic potential; the high-surface-area structure provides sufficient redox reactions between the electrodes and the electrolyte. The dependence of the active-layer thickness on the super-capacitor performance is also investigated, and the 60 mu m-thick Ni(Cu)PPy hybrid electrode presents the highest performance of 659.52 Fg(-1) at the scan rate of 5 mV s(-1). In the thicker layers, the specific capacitance became smaller due to the diffusion limitation of the ions in an electrolyte. The polypyrrole-hybridization on the porous dendritic Ni(Cu) electrode provides superior specific capacitance and excellent cycling stability due to the improvement in electric conductivity by the addition of conducting polypyrrole in the matrices of the dendritic nano-porous Ni(Cu) layer and the synergistic effect of composite materials.</P>