http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
CUMMINGS, JENNIFER E.,BARRETT, CONOR D.,LITWAK, KENNETH N.,DI BIASE, LUIGI,CHOWDHURY, PUNAM,OH, SEIL,CHING, CHI KEONG,SALIBA, WALID I.,SCHWEIKERT, ROBERT A.,BURKHARDT, J. DAVID,DE MARCO, SHARI,ARMAGAN Blackwell Publishing Inc 2008 Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Vol.19 No.6
<P><I>Introduction:</I> Evaluation of luminal temperature during left atrial ablation is used clinically; however, luminal temperature does not necessarily reflect temperature within the esophageal wall and poses a risk of atrioesophageal fistula. This animal study evaluates luminal esophageal temperature and its relation to the temperature of the external esophageal tissue during left atrial lesions using the 8 mm solid tip and the open irrigated tip catheters (OIC).</P><P><I>Methods and Results:</I> A thermocouple was secured to the external surface of the esophagus at the level of the left atrium of the dogs. Luminal esophageal temperature was measured using a standard temperature probe. In four randomized dogs, lesions were placed using an 8 mm solid tip ablation catheter. In six randomized dogs, lesions were placed using the 3.5 mm OIC. The average peak esophageal tissue temperature when using the OIC was significantly higher than that of the 8 mm tip catheter (88.6°C ± 15.0°C vs. 62.3°C ± 12.5°C, P < 0.05). Both OIC and 8 mm tip catheter had significantly higher peak tissue temperatures than luminal temperatures (OIC: 88.6°C ± 15.0°C vs 39.7°C ± 0.82°C, P < 0.05) (8 mm: 62.3°C ± 12.5°C vs 39.0 ± 0.5°C, P < 0.05). Both catheters achieved peak temperatures faster in the tissue as compared to the lumen of the esophagus, although the tissue temperature peaked significantly faster for the OIC (OIC: 25 seconds vs 90 seconds, P < 0.05) (8 mm: 63 seconds vs 105 seconds, P < 0.05).</P><P><I>Conclusion:</I> Despite the significant difference in actual tissue temperatures, no significant difference was observed in luminal temperatures between the OIC and 8 mm tip catheter.</P>
Mobile Fashion Advisor- A Novel Application in Ubiquitous Society
Ching-I Cheng,Damon Shing-Min Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.2 No.2
In this paper, we propose an intelligent system, called “Mobile Fashion Advisor”, aimed to create a virtual fashion assistant to give suggestions on the usage of clothing and help users avoid buying clothes that are never worn. Many different computer theories and techniques are exploited in the system. Digital image processing techniques, such as edge detection and color histogram, are employed to obtain the essential data of garments. Fuzzy theories are applied for gathering fashion matching rules. Users can simply use a smart phone to take a photo of the garment when shopping and submit it to the clothes server through ubiquitous network.Then Attire Scheme Harmony Evaluator follows match rules to search whether there are clothes in her personal garment database that matches the new one. The results of matching and grades of whether to buy are sent back and shown on the phone. The work is to provide such a user-centric services system that functions as a personal fashion advisor for clothes shopping.
Survive the climate variability?
I-Ching Chen,Sheng-Feng Shen,Shih-Fan Chan 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Climate and its variability characterize abiotic environment for species on the earth. Increased seasonality in higher latitude and/or pronounced diurnal temperate range in higher ground as well as decreasing mean temperature are major climate gradients to which organisms must adapt through physiological and behavioral plasticity. IPCC AR5 pointed out that climate variability and its regional behavior remain top concerns, which may well pose great challenges to climate change biology. We use Nicrophorus nepalensis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) a wide-distributed burying beetle in low latitude Asia as model species to investigate possible impacts of climate variability on species performance. N. nepalensis is a scavenging species exploring carcasses for feeding and reproduction. To consider their breeding performance, we baited N. nepalensis by small mouse carcasses and measured the rate at which they successfully buried the carcasses into soil. We look at climate variability along elevational gradients of intact forest and open habitats exposure to agricultural activities. The probability of successful breeding is higher in intact forest than that in open habitat with unimodal fashion of peak at 1800m. We found that local climate variability, more specifically, the diurnal temperature range (DTR), impedes successful breeding of N. nepalensis. Despite variable environmental conditions associated with habitat opening, such as increased soil density, reduced leaf litter amount and relative humidity, enlarged DTR seems to be the principal cause of failure. The negative effects of greater DTR on breeding success were confirmed by laboratory experiments. DTR remains stable in primary forests, in contrast to its increase in more disrupted habitats along the same transect. Reducing vegetation cover exposes mountains to radiant heating, a trend with significant elevational effect, resulting in large DTR in high lands. Although N. nepalensis is widely distributed in the mountain areas, non-forest patches support only part of their life cycle, different function groups to support decomposition process at open habitats are expected. Climate change and habitat degradation are among the major drivers of biodiversity loss. Our study highlights land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) in altering local temperature variability and reinforces the concern of its interplay with climate change.
Po-Ching Kao,Shu-I Lin,Chin-Chih Chang,Ching-Wen Huang,Chien-Chi Liu 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.10
A cathode buffer layer of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) was used to improve the electro-optical properties of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). LiOH layers with various thicknesses were prepared by thermally evaporating LiOH powders. When a 1-nm-thick LiOH layer was inserted between the aluminum (Al) cathodes and the tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3) electrontransporting layers, device properties such as the turn-on voltage, the maximum luminance, and the device efficiency were improved, becoming better than those of the device with a LiF buffer layer. The surface of the Alq3 film became smoother after the LiOH layer had been deposited. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the reaction between LiOH and Alq3 results in an n-type doping effect, which moves the Fermi level close to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of Alq3. Thus, the electron-injection efficiency was enhanced due to a lower electron injection barrier, which improved the charge carrier balance in the OLEDs and led to a better device efficiency.
Ching-Hua Huang,Po-Lin Kuo,Ya-Ling Hsu,Tai-Tsung Chang,Hsing-I Tseng,Yu-Te Chu,Chang-Hung Kuo,Huan-Nan Chen,Chih-Hsing Hung 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2
Dietary flavonoids have various biological functions, and there is increasing evidence that reduced prevalence and severity of allergic reactions are associated with the intake of flavonoids. Among natural flavonoids, apigenin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. However, the mechanisms of apigenin's effect remain uncertain. Monocyte-derived chemokine (MDC) plays a pivotal role in recruiting T-helper (Th) 2 cells in the allergic inflammation process. In the late phase of allergic inflammation, the Th1 chemokine interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) has also been found in elevated levels in the bronchial alveolar fluid of asthmatic children. We used human THP-1 monocyte cells, pretreated with or without apigenin, prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. By means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that apigenin inhibited production of both MDC and IP-10 by THP-1 cells and that the suppressive effect of apigenin was not reversed by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780. The p65 phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB remained unaffected, but the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were all blocked. We found that inhibition of c-raf phosphorylation might be the target of apigenin's anti-inflammation property.
Ching-Sung Lee,Bo-I Chou,Wei-Chou Hsu,Ke-Hua Su 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6
This work reports a novel AlGaAs/InGaAsN/GaAs heterostructure field-eect transistor (HFET) by integrating a dilute In0:3Ga0:7AsN0:01 nitride-channel directly onto a GaAs substrate by using a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. Introducing nitrogen doping into an In0:3Ga0:7As channel can effectively reduce the eective energy band gap, resulting in an improved electron confinement capability. The thermal threshold coeficient (∂Vth=∂T) is very low, -1.07 mV/K, with an improved high-temperature linearity (∂GV S=∂T) of only 0.33 mV/K. Besides, improved high-temperature device characteristics have been achieved at 450 (300) K, including a gate-voltage swing (GVS) of 1.15 (1.2) V, a two-terminal gate-drain breakdown voltage (BVGD) of -14.4 (-15.8) V and a turn-on voltage (Von) of 0.92 (1.147) V.
Health and Income Variation – A Panel Data Study on the Developed and Less Developed Economies
I-MING CHIU,TETSUJI YAMADA,CHIA-CHING CHEN 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.2
In this paper, human capital in the form of ‘health status’ is introduced into a neoclassical economic growth model as one of the main factors differentiating rich and poor countries. Various panel data models are used to examine how health and other growth factors affect average income in different countries. Our main empirical finding indicates that a one-year increase in life expectancy (the health status measure) raises GDP per capita by 0.5–0.9%. Based on this result, a baseline health status can be established to help poor countries achieve a targeted economic growth rate.