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Chikako Ishii,Satoshi Kakishima,박찬호,Takuro Ito,Atsushi Abe,Goro Kokubugata,송관필 국립생물자원관 2023 Journal of species research Vol.12 No.3
We conducted phylogenetic analyses using multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing and compared chloroplast DNA sequences among Ardisia japonica, A. pusilla, and morphologically intermediate plants found on Jeju Island, Korea. Our network analysis demonstrated that the intermediate plants were genetically positioned between A. japonica and A. pusilla. Our comparison of the intergenic spacer between the psbA and trnH genes in chloroplast DNA indicated that four nucleotide substitutions separate A. japonica and A. pusilla, whereas the intermediate plants exhibited the A. japonica haplotype. Our results suggest that the intermediate plants on Jeju Island represent a natural hybrid of A. japonica, as the maternal species, and A. pusilla, and that they are attributable to Ardisia×walkeri. This record constitutes the first documented occurrence of the hybrid taxon in Korea.
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Charge Density Distributions in Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 in the Paraelectric Phase
Chikako Moriyoshi,Sayaka Kimura,Yoshihiro Kuroiwa,김수재,Yuji Noguchi 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2
The electron charge density distributions of the bismuth layered ferroelectric materials Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) in the paraelectric phase are demonstrated by analyzing the high-energy synchrotron-radiation powder-diffraction data on the basis of the maximum entropy method (MEM)/Rietveld method. The crystal structures of BiT and BLT are quite similar, and no significant difference is observed in the chemical bonding nature in the paraelectric phase. This result differs from the experimental fact that, in the ferroelectric phase, electron orbital hybridization between Bi and O in the perovskite layer is formed along the a-axis in BiT while the hybridization between Bi/La and O is revealed not only along the a-axis but also along the b-axis in BLT. We attribute the unchanged Curie temperatures for the Bi4−xLaxTi3O12 system to the same crystal structures, including the chemical bonding nature, in the paraelectric phase. The electron charge density distributions of the bismuth layered ferroelectric materials Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) in the paraelectric phase are demonstrated by analyzing the high-energy synchrotron-radiation powder-diffraction data on the basis of the maximum entropy method (MEM)/Rietveld method. The crystal structures of BiT and BLT are quite similar, and no significant difference is observed in the chemical bonding nature in the paraelectric phase. This result differs from the experimental fact that, in the ferroelectric phase, electron orbital hybridization between Bi and O in the perovskite layer is formed along the a-axis in BiT while the hybridization between Bi/La and O is revealed not only along the a-axis but also along the b-axis in BLT. We attribute the unchanged Curie temperatures for the Bi4−xLaxTi3O12 system to the same crystal structures, including the chemical bonding nature, in the paraelectric phase.
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Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance Acquired through Cold Acclimation in Overwintering Plants
Chikako Kuwabara,Ryozo Imai 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.1
Plants require substantial resistance against freezing and pathogens for overwintering. These two traits are acquired through cold acclimation. In contrast to freezing tolerance, molecular basis of disease resistance acquired through cold acclimation is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that are secreted into the apoplast during cold acclimation are responsible for the disease resistance. Interestingly, some of the cold-induced PR proteins display both antifungal and antifreeze activities, suggesting a dual function in protecting plants from overwintering stresses. The signaling pathway for cold-induced disease resistance is currently unknown but can be independent of pathogeninduced defense mechanisms.
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Conference Interpreting Program at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
Chikako Tsuruta 한국통역번역학회 2011 통역과 번역 Vol.13 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to review what was achieved during the first seven years of the Conference Interpreting Program at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS). In starting the program, the utmost challenge was how to optimize the Program to suit the students’ needs and the market’s needs in Japan where traditionally the interpreter- agency-related schools were strong and did most of the training. The three pillars of the Program set out from the beginning were (1) to incorporate interpreting theory and thesis into the Program (2) to provide the participants with the opportunity to acquire background knowledge and (3) to enhance the interpreting/translating skills of the participants. The TUFS Interpreting Symposium held in October, 2009 by TUFS in partnership with universities from Paris, Moscow, Shanghai and Seoul provided an opportunity to discuss common issues in conference interpreting. A particularly useful reflection was on how to incorporate practicum, which is a key component in the training of interpreters. It is the author’s belief that TUFS can continue to play its unique role based on its educational aim to train students to become intercultural mediators. This belief is also manifest in the fact that TUFS has started to offer short term intensive interpreting courses for the general public from 2010.
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( Chikako Hironaka ),( Asako Terazawa ) 한국중소기업학회 2019 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.22 No.3
Management of cross-cultural employees of Japanese manufacturing small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia is the subject of the present study. In particular, this study focuses on raising local employees’ learning consciousness and sheds light on the effect of communication and organizational culture. Learning is a distinctive feature of Japanese companies. In Malaysia, however, Japanese SMEs are struggling to maintain their culture of learning. An empirical survey on learning was conducted with the local employees in our study. First, the survey results highlighted the importance of communication. Japanese SMEs can overcome the language and cultural barriers by effective frequent communication. Clarity on the job, on issues such as current responsibilities, rewards, and promotions, is critical to raising learning consciousness. Second, the study also focuses on the role of Japanese management culture. Japanese companies exemplify learning behavior and the present study clarifies how this unique culture increases employees’ affection and raises learning consciousness. The study provides evidence that affective commitment alone is not sufficient to boost learning consciousness. The study results also have important implications to the practitioner.
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Using Sight Translation in Simultaneous Interpreting Class
Chikako TSURUTA 한국통역번역학회 2012 통역과 번역 Vol.14 No.1
The paper will consider, based on existing literature and the author’s own experience, how sight translation (ST) can be incorporated into simultaneous interpreter training classes. ST is the rendering orally of a text written in one language into another language. This approach is used regularly by conference interpreters, including the author, to prepare for actual conference interpreting assignments. It can also be employed as a training tool, as discussed by Viaggio, S (1995) and Weber, W (1990). Having become aware of the real potential of using ST inside and outside of the classroom, and based on the work of the two interpreting trainers mentioned above, the Conference Interpreting Program at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS) is now actively using ST for both English-to-Japanese and Japanese-to-English interpreting training. There are two possible approaches to using sight translation in such classes at TUFS: (1) the use of only the text, or (2) the use of the text together with an audio of the actual rendition of the text. Adoption of both approaches in her graduate-level (M.A.) second-year simultaneous interpreting class has convinced the author that the utilization of ST in simultaneous interpreting classes can teach students to be time and effort-effective. That, however, is provided that the following caveats are observed: (1) the need to find most efficient words in expression is met; (2) word-for-word translations are strictly avoided; and, (3) the focus of the exercise is on the content of the message. Since in ST training the coordination and management of constrained resources are crucial factors, it is essential for students to learn how and where to employ their limited resources to achieve optimal performance.
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Chikako Tsuruta 한국통역번역학회 2003 통역과 번역 Vol.5 No.2
Interpreting live TV coverage of a major event such as the war on Iraq during the first part of 2003 was a major challenge for broadcast interpreters. To get the real time information accurately and quickly to the Japanese audience watching Japanese TV, the interpreters were required to interpret news that was broadcast by foreign TV for foreign viewers. In the caseof the war on Iraq, English-Japanese interpreters were mobilized in great numbers to promptly convey real-time information originally broadcast by foreign media for foreign viewers as part of the news broadcast by Japanese TV stations for the Japanese audience. Promptness and accuracy of information were the most important points called for by the viewers. But in the case of live TV coverage of the war to be interpreted into Japanese, the interpreters are caught in the middle of how to interpret the foreign news geared towards foreign audiences in the most intelligible manner to the Japanese audience. There are issues of terminology specific to war that interpreters need to know, plus differences in the reporting viewpoints by various original TV stations that interpreters need to be aware of in order to choose the most pertinent words for interpretation. This article will look into how the actual interpretation process was conducted in the interpretation of live TV coverage of the war in Iraq for Japanese TV, and it makes concluding remarks and suggestions as to what would be the best way to proceed in the case of such a major event to be interpreted live on TV.
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