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The assessment of host and bacterial proteins in sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis
Hsin-Chih Lai,Yu-Tze Horng,Pen-Fang Yeh,Jann-Yuan Wang,Chin-Chung Shu,Chia-Chen Lu,Jang-Jih Lu,Jen-Jyh Lee,Po-Chi Soo 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.11
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The protein composition of sputum may reflect the immune status of the lung. This study aimed to evaluate the protein profiles in spontaneous sputum samples from patients with active pulmonary TB. Sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary TB and healthy controls. Western blotting was used to analyze the amount of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-25, IL- 17, perforin-1, urease, albumin, transferrin, lactoferrin, adenosine deaminase (also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, or ADA), ADA-2, granzyme B, granulysin, and caspase- 1 in sputum. Results of detection of IL-10, IFN-γ, perforin- 1, urease, ADA2, and caspase-1, showed relatively high specificity in distinguishing patients with TB from healthy controls, although sensitivities varied from 13.3% to 66.1%. By defining a positive result as the detection of any two proteins in sputum samples, combined use of transferrin and urease as markers increased sensitivity to 73.2% and specificity to 71.1%. Furthermore, we observed that the concentration of transferrin was proportional to the number of acidfast bacilli detected in sputum specimens. Detection of sputum transferrin and urease was highly associated with pulmonary TB infection. In addition, a high concentration of transferrin detected in sputum might correlate with active TB infection. This data on sputum proteins in patients with TB may aid in the development of biomarkers to assess the severity of pulmonary TB.
Precise 5-Axis Grooving of Tire Mold Based on Surface Re-Parameterization
Chih-Hsing Chu,Chih-Hsin Hsu 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
Grooving of tire mold is a complex machining process. The profile of a groove must be precisely formed on the road surface while the machining deviation of the wall surface must meet its design specifications. Previous tool path planning methods driven by optimization of machining errors perform unacceptably because of those restrictions. This paper proposes a new approach for precise 5-axis grooving of tire mold. Surface re-parameterization based on the two curve parameters of a ruled surface is applied to maximize the developability of the wall surface using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The machining errors produced by moving the cutter along the resultant rulings is thus reduced. Grooving of a real tire mold demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Novel Character Segmentation Method for Text Images Captured by Cameras
Hsin-Te Lue,Kuo-Chin Fan,Chih-Wei Lin,Ming-Gang Wen,Chih-Chang Yu 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.5
Due to the rapid development of mobile devices equipped with cameras, instant translation of any text seen in any context is possible. Mobile devices can serve as a translation tool by recognizing the texts presented in the captured scenes. Images captured by cameras will embed more external or unwanted effects which need not to be considered in traditional optical character recognition (OCR). In this paper, we segment a text image captured by mobile devices into individual single characters to facilitate OCR kernel processing. Before proceeding with character segmentation, text detection and text line construction need to be performed in advance. A novel character segmentation method which integrates touched character filters is employed on text images captured by cameras. In addition, periphery features are extracted from the segmented images of touched characters and fed as inputs to support vector machines to calculate the confident values. In our experiment, the accuracy rate of the proposed character segmentation system is 94.90%, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hsin-Chih Chen,Po-Tai Cheng 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are installed at the medium-voltage level of power system for grid voltage regulation and power factor improvement. The star-connected cascaded multilevel converter is widely for high voltage and high rated power STATCOM application. The voltage balancing control is a fundamental issue for cascaded converter, which can be implemented by negative sequence current and zero sequence voltage injection. The zero sequence voltage injection increases the DC voltage utilization, thus the DC voltage and cascaded number should be expanded to avoid over-modulation. However, the increase of DC voltage and cascaded number result in the high cost of the system but reduce the efficiency. On the other hand, the negative sequence current injection results in significant peak current and would trigger the over-current protection. This study provides a voltage balancing strategy to improve the DC voltage utilization by regulating the effectiveness between zero sequence voltage and negative sequence current injection. In addition, the proposed method is based on power flow management. All the unbalanced components of grid voltage and converter output current are considered, thus the proposed method can satisfy for grid fault operation. Laboratory test results are for proposed method variation and validate that the converter can accomplish system operation and manage DC voltage utilization during grid fault operation.
Chih-Hsin Li,Judith Berner,Jing-Shan Hong,Chin-Tzu Fong,Ying-Hwa Kuo 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.1
The Taiwan mesoscale ensemble prediction system (EPS) based on theWeather Research and Forecast model (WRF), also called WEPS, is designed to provide reliable ensemble forecasts for the East Asian region centered on Taiwan. The most skillful ensemble is obtained if model-uncertainty is represented in addition to initial condition uncertainty. A number of numerical prediction experiments are conducted to obtain the optimal configuration consisting of multiple physics-schemes, and two stochastic parameterization schemes: The Stochastic-Kinetic Energy Backscatter (SKEB) Scheme and the Stochastically Perturbed of Physics-Tendency (SPPT) scheme. The performance of the best configuration of WEPS is objectively verified against ECMWF reanalysis and a high-resolution simulation. Further analysis finds little impact of the stochastic schemes on quantitative precipitation forecasts and a single Typhoon case study. We conclude that for best performance over the East Asian domain, stochastic parameterizations alone are not sufficient to represent model-uncertainty and need to be augmented with a multi- physics suite.
Ta-Hsin Chou,Kuei-Yuan Cheng,Chih-Chieh Su,Tien-Li Chang,Chih-Wei Hsieh,Jen-Hui Tsai 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.4
The transparent conducting oxide (TCO) film is a significant component in flat panel display industry, applied for flexible display, e-paper, and touch panel. The TCO materials have high refractive index, so the phenomenon of high reflectance is the major issue and needs solved in present and future market. In this study, the structure and process of new lower reflection TCO hybrid film is introduced. The laser interference lithography and UV nanoimprint are combined for fabrication of sub-wavelength structures on PET film, then the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) deposited on structures. Finally, the best result of this hybrid film is reflectance reduced to 3.3% at wavelength 550nm, just 13% of the original film, and the resistance of ITO layer is 1.05x10-3 Ω-cm. This result is useful for the TCO film applied in low reflection demand products in the future.
Yi-Chih Chang,Hao-Ping Liu,Hsiao-Li Chuang,Jiunn-Wang Liao,Pei-Ling Kao,Hsun-Lung Chan,Ter-Hsin Chen,Yu-Chih Wang 한국실험동물학회 2023 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.39 No.4
Background: Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of female cats. FMC is highly metastatic and thus leads to poor disease outcomes. Among all metastases, liver metastasis occurs in about 25% of FMC patients. However, the mechanism underlying hepatic metastasis of FMC remains largely uncharacterized. Results: Herein, we demonstrate that FMC-derived extracellular vesicles (FMC-EVs) promotes the liver metastasis of FMC by activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to prime a hepatic premetastatic niche (PMN). Moreover, we provide evidence that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) delivered by FMC-EV was pivotal for the activation of HSC and the formation of hepatic PMN. Depletion of SK1 impaired cargo sorting in FMC-EV and the EV-potentiated HSC activation, and abolished hepatic colonization of FMC cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying liver-metastasis of FMC and provide new insights into prognosis and treatment of this feline malignancy.
Lin Chih-Hsin,Hsieh Yu-Shao,Sun Ying-Chieh,Huang Wun-Han,Chen Shu-Ling,Weng Zheng-Kui,Lin Te-Hsien,Wu Yih-Ru,Chang Kuo-Hsuan,Huang Hei-Jen,Lee Guan-Chiun,Hsieh-Li Hsiu Mei,Lee-Chen Guey-Jen 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.1
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an important serine/threonine kinase that implicates in multiple cellular processes and links with the neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, structure-based virtual screening was performed to search database for compounds targeting GSK-3β from Enamine’s screening collection. Of the top-ranked compounds, 7 primary hits underwent a luminescent kinase assay and a cell assay using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells expressing Tau repeat domain (TauRD) with pro-aggregant mutation ΔK280. In the kinase assay for these 7 compounds, residual GSK-3β activities ranged from 36.1% to 90.0% were detected at the IC50 of SB-216763. In the cell assay, only compounds VB-030 and VB-037 reduced Tau aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD-DsRed folding reporter. In SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD, neither VB-030 nor VB-037 increased expression of GSK-3α Ser21 or GSK-3β Ser9. Among extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38) and mitogenactivated protein kinase 8 (JNK) which modulate Tau phosphorylation, VB-037 attenuated active phosphorylation of P38 Thr180/ Tyr182, whereas VB-030 had no effect on the phosphorylation status of ERK, AKT, P38 or JNK. However, both VB-030 and VB-037 reduced endogenous Tau phosphorylation at Ser202, Thr231, Ser396 and Ser404 in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y expressing ΔK280 TauRD. In addition, VB-030 and VB-037 further improved neuronal survival and/or neurite length and branch in mouse hippocampal primary culture under Tau cytotoxicity. Overall, through inhibiting GSK-3β kinase activity and/or p-P38 (Thr180/Tyr182), both compounds may serve as promising candidates to reduce Tau aggregation/cytotoxicity for AD treatment.