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A Case of Reversible Dementia? Dementia vs Delirium in Lyme Disease
Chiara Sanchini,Chiara Papia,Chiara Cutaia,Tino Emanuele Poloni,Matteo Cesari 대한노인병학회 2023 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.27 No.1
Lyme disease is an uncommon cause of reversible dementia. A 75-year-old male patient, with a personal history of mild memory deficit, was admitted to Alzheimer’s Disease Care Unit due to hallucinations, confusion and aggressive behavior unresponsive to antipsychotic therapy. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain was negative, while blood exams showed a rise in inflammatory parameters. A complete screening of infective diseases showed a positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi, confirmed at Western blot. Even though the patient refused cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exam, the brilliant clinical improvement after the appropriate antimicrobial therapy is strongly suggestive for a diagnosis of neuroborreliosis. This case report underlines the importance of a diagnostic approach to dementia, as to find out and treat the reversible causes.
Extracellular vesicles in onco-nephrology
Chiara Gai,Margherita A. C. Pomatto,Cristina Grange,Maria Chiara Deregibus,Giovanni Camussi 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer and in normal tissues. EVs transfer biologically active molecules from the cell of origin to recipient cells. This review summarizes the studies on EVs derived from renal cell carcinoma and from a subpopulation of CD105-positive renal cancer stem cells. While EVs from renal cell carcinoma show mild biological activity, EVs from renal cancer stem cells enhance tumor angiogenesis and metastasis formation. The effect is probably due to the transfer of proangiogenic RNA cargo to endothelial cells, which acquire an activated angiogenic phenotype. In vivo, treatment with EVs favors the formation of a premetastatic niche in the lungs. Moreover, EVs derived from renal cancer stem cells modify gene expression in mesenchymal stromal cells, enhancing the expression of genes involved in matrix remodeling, cell migration, and tumor growth. Mesenchymal stromal cells preconditioned with tumor EVs and then coinjected in vivo with renal cancer cells support tumor growth and vessel formation. Finally, tumor EVs promote tumor immune escape by inhibiting the differentiation process of dendritic cells and the activation of T cells. Thus, tumor-derived EVs act on the microenvironment favoring tumor aggressiveness, may contribute to angiogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms and are involved in tumor immune escape.
Genetics of Treatment Outcomes in Major Depressive Disorder: Present and Future
Chiara Fabbri,Alessandro Serretti 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.1
Pharmacogenetic testing is a useful and increasingly widespread tool to assist in antidepressant prescription. More than ten antidepressants (including tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine) have already genetic biomarkers of response/side effects in clinical guidelines and drug labels. These are represented by functional genetic variants in genes coding for cytochrome enzymes (CYP2D6 and CYP2C19). Depending on the predicted metabolic activity, guidelines provide recommendations on drug choice and dosing. Despite not conclusive, the current evidence suggests that testing can be useful in patients who did not respond or tolerate at least one previous pharmacotherapy. However, the current recommendations are based on pharmacokinetic genes only (CYP450 enzymes), while pharmacodynamic genes (modulating antidepressant mechanisms of action in the brain) are still being studied because of their greater complexity. This may be captured by polygenic risk scores, which reflect the cumulative contribution of many genetic variants to a trait, and they may provide future clinical applications of pharmacogenetics. A more extensive use of genotyping in clinical practice may lead to improvement in treatment outcomes thanks to personalized treatments, but possible ethical issues and disparities should be taken into account and prevented.
Ion Pump Design for Improved Pumping Speed at Low Pressure
Chiara Paolini,Mauro Audi,Mark Denning 한국진공학회 2016 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.25 No.6
Even if ion pumps are widely and mostly used in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, virtually every existing ion pump has its maximum pumping speed around 1E-6 mbar (1E-4 Pa). Discharge intensity in the ion pump Penning cell is defined as the current divided by pressure . This quantity reflects the rate of cathode bombardment by ions, which underlies all of the various pumping mechanisms that occur in ion pumps (chemisorption on sputtered material, ion burial, etc.), and therefore is an indication of pumping speed. A study has been performed to evaluate the influence of magnetic fields and cell dimensions on the ion pump discharge intensity and consequently on the pumping speed at different pressures. As a result, a combination of parameters has been developed in order to design and build an ion pump with the pumping speed peak shifted towards lower pressures. Experimental results with several different test set-ups are presented and a prototype of a new 200 l/s ion pump with the maximum pumping speed in the 1E-8 mbar (1E-6 Pa) is described. A model of the system has also been developed to provide a framework for understanding the experimental observations.
Correlates of Creativity among Visual Art Students
Chiara Simone Haller,Delphine Sophie Courvoisier,David H. Cropley 대한사고개발학회 2010 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.20 No.1
The present study analyzes differences in functional creativity among visual art students in their year of assessment, according to the Revised Functional Creativity Scale (Haller, Courvoisier, & Cropley, 2009) originally published by Cropley (2005). The products of 55 art students of two different schools were rated by ten experts (five art instructors at each school) according to their usual grading criteria. The same experts plus five novices then completed a questionnaire developed according to the indicators of creativity spelled out in this paper. Furthermore personality profiles, thinking styles, complexity, and intelligence of the students were measured with the German version of the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI) of Costa and McCrae (1992), by Borkenau and Ostendorf (1993), the Heuristic questionnaire of Groner and Groner (1990), and the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) sets A, B, C, D and E of Raven (1976). Results showed that there are personality profiles, thinking styles, and complexities which can be seen as predictors of functional creativity. However, different predictors were significant for different groups (all raters, expert raters only, novice raters only). The results show that the Revised Functional Creativity Scale as applied by Haller, Courvoisier, and Cropley (2009) does not yet measure functional creativity with the necessary degree of objectivity.
Chiara Concina,Marina Crucil,Emmanouil Theodorakis,Giorgio Saggin,Silvia Perin,Franco Gherlinzoni 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.24 No.3
We report a case of a 69-year-old right-dominant man who had an open Monteggia-like lesion of the right elbow (Gustilo-Andersen IIIA) with severe proximal ulna bone loss associated with an ipsilateral ulnar shaft fracture due to a motorcycle accident. The patient underwent two-stage surgery. Wound debridement and bridging external fixation were performed at first. Three months later, a frozen massive osteochondral ulnar allograft was implanted and fixed with a locking compression plate. A superficial wound infection appeared 5 weeks after the second surgery. Superficial wound debridement, negative pressure therapy, and antibiotics were administered for 3 months, achieving infection healing. At 3 years post-surgery, the elbow range of motion was satisfactory with a Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score of 16.7. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed good allograft-bone integration without allograft reabsorption or hardware loosening. Although not complication-free, massive ulna osteochondral allograft implantation can be considered a valid option in cases of open Monteggia-like lesions associated with ulnar shaft fracture and severe bone loss in active patients, whenever osteosynthesis or joint replacement is not a proper solution. This type of bone stock restoration allows for future surgery, if needed.
Chiara Ghiron 사단법인약침학회 2019 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.12 No.1
This literature study article will present the possibility of a correlation between the energy meridians of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which can be traced back to the recently described primo vessels (formerly known as Bong-Han ducts), their composition, and the ability of tumors to proliferate and metastasize. It is proposed that microvesicular bodies such as exosomes, known to be involved in cell-to-cell communication, immune response, and tumor proliferation, could be moving across the body via the primo vascular system. The ubiquity of the primo vascular system and its penetration through the bloodebrain barrier could also explain the ability of some peripheral tumors (e.g., breast tumor) to metastasize in the brain.