The Relationship of Multi-dimensional Accessibilities to Gambling

Chia,Ping Fong,Ng,Siew Cheng 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

Gambling is part of daily life in many Asian cultures. Accessibility is the beginning of the conditioning effects of participation in gambling. Thus, this study attempts to understand the characteristics of gamblers in a town situated in the centre of Johor state in relationship of multi-dimensional accessibility to gambling. Four dimensions of accessibility, which are (1) geography accessibility, (2) temporal accessibility, (3) social accessibility and (4) financial accessibility were assessing its influence on gamblers. 169 samples were further categorized into non-regular gamblers and regular gamblers. This research was conducted in Kluang town due to its centre location in Johor state contributing its ease of accessibility to Casino de Genting, the only legal casino operator in Malaysia. Furthermore, it is approximately 50 percent of Chinese residents in Kluang. Findings indicated that ease of accessibility, safety and comfort are most concerned by the gamblers Recommendations were developed for the interest of casino management accordance to the needs of the gamblers.

Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps Sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells

Kuo, Yuh-Chi,Wu, Chia-Lin,Tasi, Wei-Jern,Wang, Jir-Yenn,Chang, Shi-Chung,Lin, Ching-Yuang,Shiao, Ming-Shi 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang₃,Ching-Yung Lin⁴,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang²,Ching-Yung Lin³,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴.¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells. Proceedings of international Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 44-64, 1999.-Cordyceps sinensis is a major parasitic fungus on larva of Lepidoptera. It is one of the well know fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment asthma, lung and kideney diseases. Many fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps have been demonstrated to produce natural products with various biological activities. Reported biological activities of genus cordyceps include:(a)inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis;(b)enhancement of cell differentiation;(c)restruction of cytoskeleton;(d)inhibition of protein kinase activity;(e)antitumor activity on bladder, colon, lung carcinoma as well as fibroblastoma;(f)inhibition of the infection and revers transciptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; and(g) inhibition of methylation of nucleic acid. Thus, it is suggested that the extracts of Cordyceps sp. Contain antitumor, antiviral, and many other biological activities. In our previous studies, we proved that C. sinensis contains the antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. In the present studies, effects of C. sinensis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BAL)cells were demonstrated. The crude methanolic extracts of C. sinensis were fractionated into 15 fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Effects of various fraction on BAL cells proliferation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated interleukin-1β(IL-8),platelet activating factor(PAF), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-8(IL-8) production on BAL cells were determined. The result indicated that the CS-19-22 fraction suppressed BAL cells proliferation activated by LPS. The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 6㎍/ml. The CS-19-22 fraction also decreased IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-αand IL-8 production.The results of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that the CS-19-22 fraction did not affect IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-α,and IL-8 mRNAs expression in BAL cells activated by LPS. By contrast, it inhibited the IL-10 mRNA expression but enhanced IFN-γand IL-12 mRNAs expression in activated BAL cells. Moreover, the CS-19-22 fraction blocked PAF-induced platelet aggregation. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity was involved. Because no cell deths were observable. We hypothesize that inhibitory mechanisms of CS-19-22 on BAL cells proliferation may be related to the impairments of gene expression and production of cytokines in BAL cells. The explanation of C. sinensis antiasthma function may involved the following(1)C.sinenesis contained immunomodulatory agents that stimulated IFN-γand IL-12 expression in TH1cells.(2)Enhanced secretion of IFN-γand IL-12 will inhibit the Tγcells immune responses Ex. Decreasing of IL-6 and IL-10 production.(3) The impairments of cytokines production in TH2 cells suppressed th BAL cells proliferation then more cytokines production Ex.IL-1β,PAF,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 in activated BAL cells were decreased. (4)The suppression of TH2cells immune responses will inhibit the growth and differentiation of B cells then IgE production will be decreased. (5)Reduced production of IgE will decreased asthma attack occurring in individuals. However, the results of the present study suggested that C. sinensis may also have acted to treat asthma in part by inhibiting BAL cells proliferation and cytokine gene expression and production. Future, experiments with treatment of animals with asthma with C. sinensis will be necessary to defined whether C. sinensis can reduce asthma injury. Plans are underway for the isolation of pure principal growth inhibitors and their mechanisms of action are subjected for further study.

看護員의 一日消費熱量 및 營養攝取量에 關한 硏究

車順香 최신의학사 1974 最新醫學 Vol.17 No.11

These studies were undertaken to determine the daily calorie expenditure and calorie intake of nurses. Our conclusions were based on time-motion study of 40 nurses selected at random in St. Mary's Hospital. Our data was collected from three different work shifts, day duty (7:OOa, m-3:30p. m), eve?ning duty (3:30p) m-10:30 p. m) and night duty (10:30 p. m-7:30 a. m). Time-motion studies were carried out using a stop-watch. The daily . energy expenditure was calculated by summation of data using energy cost per minute, and the time spend one each duty shifts. Since there are no obtained from the individual examinations, they were quoted from the reports given by Passmore & Durnin, Consolazio, Johnson and Pecora, Kim and Chia. Food survey was also carried out regarding the daily calorie intake. All measurements were determined from the standard table of food compositions published by the Office of Rural Development. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average height and weight of nurses were 158.2 cm and 4_9.3 kg. 2. The average daily energy expenditure of nurses was 2.310 Calories. The break down of this cal?orie expenditure was as follow: nursing care activities 922Cal. (39%). personal physiological activities 579 Cal. (27%), recreation activities 62'9 Cal. (26%), and domestic activities 180 Cal. (8%). 3. The average daily calorie intake was 2389 Cal. The total calorie intake was composed of carbo?hydrate 69%, protein 13%, and fat 20% respectively. The total protein intake was composed of 43% of animal protein and 57% of others. Twenty-two percent of total food intake came from snacks between meal times. The minerals and vitamins content of daily nutrients consumption was found to be much less than the recommended average.

上古漢語帶喉塞音的複聲母

竺家寧 단국대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

不公正한 法律行爲에 관한 硏究

朴在佑 건국대학교 행정대학원 1974 行政學報 Vol.2 No.-

생각건대 갑이 을에게 사정을 하여 자기를 위해서 그 건물을 매입하게 하였다면 첫째 그 매매계약은 무효이니 무어니 하고 문제 삼지 않는다는 약속을 한 것이고, 둘째 만일에 그 매매계약이 무효가 된다고 하여도 갑의 건물을 을에게 담보로 한다는 의사가 있었고 약속이 있는 것으로 이해할 수 없을까? 설령 그러한 의사를 명백히 표시하지 않았다고 하여도 묵시의 의사 표시가 있는 것으로 이해될 수 없을까? 또는 한 걸을 더 나아가서 그와 같은 의사 표시가 있는 것으로 볼 수 있지 않을까 하고 생각하는 것이다. 물론 해석 여하에 따라서는 당사자의 의사를 물을 것 없이 이러한 경우를 일종의 담보권이 성립하는 것으로 해석할 수 있을 듯하다. 우리는 물권의 경우에 관습법이 성립됨을 경험한다. 양도담보는 물론이거니와, 관습법상 법정지상권이 성립되고 있다. 위의 민법 제104조 규정에 해당한 매매관계에 있어서 이상과 같이 일종의 담보권을 인정함이 당사자의 이해관계를 정의에 맞게 조정하는 소이연이라면 이것이야말로 관습법의 성립으로 볼 수 있지 않을까 생각하는 바이다.

Supplier Selection Process: Focus on a Four-stage Conceptual Framework

Chia Chia Chu(추치아치아),Sungsu Kim(김성수) 한국SCM학회 2021 한국SCM학회지 Vol.21 No.2

A successful supply chain is highly depended on how to manage selection process for selecting qualified good supplier. With the development of the pandemic so far, it is spreading to more than 120 countries and regions around the world, and supply chains in various industries are being affected. Most companies talk about how to respond the immediate impact of the epidemic, such as supply chain disconnection, lack of workers, traffic disruption, black swan events, and the policy changes. In response to those disruptions, companies must start by building an efficient supplier selection process to select the right suppliers at the right time and right position. This survey paper is summarized several supplier selection frameworks and the methodologies which can be applied to each phase of supplier selection.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the gp200 protein of Ehrlichia canis from dogs in Taiwan

Chia-Chia Huang,Yu-Chen Hsieh,Chau-Loong Tsang,Yang-Tsung Chung 대한수의학회 2010 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.11 No.4

Ehrlichia (E.) canis is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Currently, the genetic diversity of E. canis strains worldwide is poorly defined. In the present study, sequence analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rDNA (1,620 bp) and the complete coding region (4,269 bp) of the gp200 gene, which encodes the largest major immunoreactive protein in E. canis, from 17 Taiwanese samples was conducted. The resultant 16S rDNA sequences were found to be identical to each other and have very high homology (99.4~100%) with previously reported E. canis sequences. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of gp200 demonstrated that the E. canis Taiwanese genotype was genetically distinct from other reported isolates obtained from the United States, Brazil, and Israel, and that it formed a separate clade. Remarkable variations unique to the Taiwanese genotype were found throughout the deduced amino acid sequence of gp200, including 15 substitutions occurring in two of five known species-specific epitopes. The gp200 amino acid sequences of the Taiwanese genotype bore 94.4~94.6 identities with those of the isolates from the United States and Brazil, and 93.7% homology with that of the Israeli isolate. Taken together, these results suggest that the Taiwanese genotype represents a novel strain of E. canis that has not yet been characterized.

A general review for the development of supply chain agility and supplier selection

Chu, Chia-Chia(추치아치아) 한국경영학회 2021 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.8

In this paper, the change of definition and focusing aspects on supply chain agility was introduced. In the early stage, firms used agile supply chain to focus on the manufacturing aspect, pursue to meet customer needs and respond to production capacity. After Millennium, Agility was considered as stratetic function by combining IT and flexibility function. In an agile supply chain, alliance and cooperation with suppliers plays an important role to construct the robust supply chain and endures the power of competitiveness to handle uncertainties and disruptions. Therefore, the aspects of supplier selection was included to explain that supplier selection needs to consider the consistency of supplier capabilities, evaluation by multi-criteria, and revenue satisfactions on changing supply conditions of selected supplier. Future research direction is addressed on (1) the effectiveness from different supplier selection criteria on agility, and (2) the importance of supply chain professionals on the performance of firm’s agility.

Effect of Organic Matter Amendment on as Release in Soil Solution and Accumulation by Paddy Rice Grown in As-Contaminated Paddy Soils

Chia-Chen Huang,Pei-Rung Wu,Chien-Hui Syu,Chia-Hsing Lee,Dar-Yuan Lee 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Evaluation of Nutrient Release from the Matrixes Produced Based on the Shotcrete Vegetation Mulching Technique

Chia-Hsing Lee,Chia-Chen Huang,Jia-Jun Guo,Jen-Chen Fan,Dar-Yuan Lee 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6