김종삼 시집 『시인학교』 연구 -시적 자의식을 중심으로-

정치훈 ( Jeong¸ Chi-hun ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2022 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.89 No.-

김종삼 시세계의 전환은 ‘시적 자의식’을 통한 ‘시인’을 재발견함으로써 이루어진다. 본고에서는 먼저 김종삼의 ‘시적 자의식’의 형성 배경을 살펴보는 한편, 두 번째 시집 『시인학교』를 중심으로 ‘고독’을 통해 ‘시적 자의식’을 이끌어내며 ‘시인’을 재발견함으로써 전환이 이루어지고 있음을 밝힌다. 김종삼 시에서 ‘시적 자의식’이 중요한 요소를 차지하는 이유는 바로 첫 번째 개인시집 『십이음계』를 비롯한 초기시편을 살펴볼 때, ‘시’에 천착해나갔다고는 보기 어려운 점이 있다. 이때 김종삼에게 있어 시란 전쟁으로 인한 내면의 ‘외로움’을 전봉래의 ‘미학적 죽음’을 경유하면서 표출할 수 있는 통로로 기능한다. 그에 따라 그의 시에서는 ‘음악’이라는 미학적 요소를 통해 불안한 내면세계를 봉합하는 모습을 보인다. 이와는 달리 두 번째 개인시집 『시인학교』에서는 보다 ‘시’에 천착하는 모습을 보여준다. 이러한 변화는 1971년 작품상을 수상함으로써 공식적으로 인정받는 ‘시인’이 된 것과 동시에 약 2년간 ‘짧은 공백기’ 이후 이루어진다. 즉, ‘시인’이 된 것과 동시에 건강 악화로 사실상 ‘시한부’를 선고받은 이후 ‘시’에 대한 사유가 본격적으로 이루어진다. 개인시집 『시인학교』는 개별 작품을 선별하고 배치하는 과정을 통해 형성된 하나의 의미망이라 할 수 있으며 김종삼의 시세계를 살펴볼 수 있는 참조점이 된다. 시집에서는 시적 주체가 시적 대상과 일정한 거리를 유지하는 태도를 찾아볼 수 있으며, 이를 통해 ‘공백’을 드러낸다. 시적 주체가 대상과의 일정한 거리를 두는 태도는 ‘자발적 홀로 있음’을 자처하는 ‘고독’과 맞닿아 있다. 『시인학교』에서 나타나는 ‘고독’은 단지 외로움으로 귀결되는 것이 아닌 ‘홀로 있음’을 통해 ‘시적 주체’가 부각된다. 김종삼은 이를 기반으로 ‘시적 자의식’을 이끌어내며 “아주 먼곳에, 결코 도달할 수 없이 먼곳에” 있는 ‘시인의 영역’에 도달하고자 하는 전환을 이루어낸다. The transformation of Kim Jong-sam's poetic world is achieved by rediscovering the ‘poet’ through ‘poetic self-consciousness’. In this paper, we first examine the background of Kim Jong-sam's formation of ‘poetic self-consciousness’, while the second collection of poems ‘Poet School’ centered on ‘solitude’ draws ‘poetic self-consciousness’ and a transition is made by rediscovering ‘poet’. The reason that ‘poetic self-consciousness’ occupies an important element in Kim Jong-sam's poetry is that when looking at his early poems, including his first personal collection of poems, “Twelvenotes Scale”, it is difficult to see that he focused on ‘poetry’. At this time, for Kim Jong-sam, ‘poetry’ functions as a channel to express the inner ‘loneliness’ caused by the war through Jeon Bong-rae's ‘aesthetic death’. Accordingly, in his poems, the aesthetic element of ‘music’ is used to seal the unstable inner world. Contrary to this, in his second collection of personal poetry, “Poets School” he shows a more intensive focus on ‘poetry’. This change takes place after a ‘short hiatus’ for about two years at the same time as becoming an officially recognized ‘poet’ by winning the Best Picture Award in 1971. In other words, after becoming a ‘poet’ and being sentenced to a ‘dead limit’ due to deterioration in health at the same time, the reason for ‘poetry’ takes place in earnest. His personal collection of poems, “Poets School”, can be said to be a network of meaning formed through the process of selecting and arranging individual works, and serves as a reference point for examining the poetic world of Kim Jong-sam. In the collection of poems, the poetic subject maintains a certain distance from the poetic object, revealing the ‘emptiness’. The poetic subject's attitude of keeping a certain distance from the object is in contact with ‘solitude’, which claims to be ‘voluntary alone’. The ‘solitude’ that appears in “Poets School” does not just result in loneliness, but rather the ‘poetic subject’ is emphasized through ‘being alone’. Based on this, Kim Jong-sam induces a ‘poetic self-consciousness’ and achieves a transition to reach the ‘poets realm’ that is “very far away, never reachable”.

A New Man, a New Woman, and Buddhism in The Story of an African Farm

Chihun Kim 한국동서비교문학학회 2015 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.33

Dissonance is embedded in the culture of Victorian society which can be featured by an age of transition in terms of science, technology, education, social class, economics, psychology, race, empire, religion, the law, gender and women’s rights. Schreiner’s The Story of an African Farm communicates such dissonance in terms of religion and the women questions. Although both Waldo and Lyndall try to create a new sense of identity as a new man and a new woman by liberating themselves from the oppression and violence of the established religion and authority, they seem to fail to attain their aims. Yet Schreiner suggests an alternative spirituality as a way of understanding humanity and the world, which is basically associated with the thoughts of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Buddhism. She seems to put an emphasis on the significance of an individual enlightenment, criticising the established religion and authority as an institution.

Counterbalanced Effect of Surface Trap and Auger Recombination on the Transverse Terahertz Carrier Dynamics in Silicon Nanowires

Chihun In,Jungmok Seo,Hyukho Kwon,Jeongmook Choi,Sangwan Sim,Jaeseok Kim,Taeyong Kim,Taeyoon Lee,Hyunyong Choi IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on terahertz science and technol Vol.5 No.4

<P>The surface-trap mediated carrier recombination is a crucial feature in characterizing the optoelectronic properties of nanowires (NWs). Due to the one-dimensional characteristics, the photoexcited carriers experiences multiple carrier interactions in the transverse direction such that strong carrier-carrier interactions are expected to play an important role in the NW carrier recombination. Here, using ultrafast optical-pump and terahertz-probe spectroscopy, we show that the Auger scattering significantly reduces the trap-mediated decay process. Systematic studies on bulk Si, bundled, individual, and encapsulated (reduced surface-trap density) SiNWs reveal that the effect of Auger recombination exhibits strong pump-fluence dependence depending on the surface-treatment condition.</P>

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON HEAT EXCHANGE-INDUCED THERMAL STRESS IN ENERGY PILE

Chihun SUNG,Byeongyeon KIM,Sangwoo PARK,Kyoungsik JUNG,Hangseok CHOI 한국신재생에너지학회 2014 AFORE Vol.2014 No.-

그래핀 메타물질에서 광학-유도된 전기 쌍극자 공진의 비선형 믹싱

인치훈(Chihun In),김현돈(Hyeon-Don Kim),민범기(Bumki Min),최현용(Hyunyong Choi) 대한전자공학회 2015 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.6

Multi-GNSS 다채널 신호기반, 저가 수신기의 효용성 검토

김치훈(Chihun Kim),김태현(Taehyun Kim),이용창(Yongchang Lee) 대한공간정보학회 2021 한국공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

연속 혈당 측정기와 머신러닝 알고리즘을 사용한 단시간 내 연속 혈당량 및 저혈당 예측

임치헌(Chihun Lim),강현수(Hyunsoo Kang),이영서(Youngseo Lee),이혁준(Hyukjoon Lee),엄태현(Taehyun Eom) 한국정보과학회 2020 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

Thermo-mechanical behavior of cast-in-place energy piles

Sung, Chihun,Park, Sangwoo,Lee, Seokjae,Oh, Kwanggeun,Choi, Hangseok Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.161 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An energy pile induces heat exchange with the ground formation by circulating heat carrier fluid through a heat exchange pipe, which is encased in pile foundation. During heat exchange, temperature variation in energy pile generates thermally-induced stress due to the different thermo-mechanical behavior between the pile and surrounding ground, and the restriction of pile deformation. A series of full-scale field tests was performed to identify the thermo-mechanical behavior of a cast-in-place energy pile equipped with 5-pair-parallel U-type heat exchange pipe. During the field investigation, each cooling and heating test lasted for 30 days, including a 15-day operating period and 15-day resting period, and the thermal stress generated in the energy pile was monitored. The maximum thermal stress was evaluated to be 2.6 MPa in the cooling test, which is about 10% of the design compressive strength of concrete. In addition, a finite element (FE) numerical model was developed to simulate the thermo-mechanical behavior of the energy pile. In the numerical analysis, relevant boundary conditions and interface model were determined by comparing with the field measurement. Finally, a parametric study was performed to estimate the thermal stress and deformation of a cast-in-place energy pile for various ground conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A large-diameter cast-in-place concrete energy pile was constructed in a test bed. </LI> <LI> The maximum thermal stress was evaluated to be 2.6 MPa in the cooling test. </LI> <LI> This value is about 10% of the design compressive strength of concrete. </LI> <LI> A parametric study for the thermos-mechanical behavior of energy piles. </LI> </UL> </P>

Characteristics of patients who visit the dental emergency room in a dental college hospital

Kim, Chihun,Choi, Eunhye,Park, Kyeong-Mee,Kwak, Eun-Jung,Huh, Jisun,Park, Wonse The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2019 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.19 No.1

Background: Emergencies in dentistry can be classified as medical and dental. Medical emergencies occur mainly during dental treatment in patients with a systemic disease. Dental emergency departments are largely divided into dental emergency rooms located in dental college hospitals and medical emergency rooms located in medical institutions. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of and provide help to dental emergency patients in a dental hospital. Methods: Overall, 1806 patients admitted to a dental emergency room at Yonsei University Dental Hospital for 1 year were included. The data collection period was from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015. An investigator reviewed medical records from the electronic medical record (EMR) system and radiographs. Results: The patients were 1,070 men and 736 women. The sex ratio was 1.45:1. The commonest age group was of 0-9 years, including 451 (25.0%) patients, followed by 20-29 years, including 353 (19.5%) patients, and 30-39 years, including 277 (15.3%) patients. Of the 108 patients transferred to the Severance emergency department, 81 had trauma, 19 were in pain, 4 were bleeding, and 4 had other complaints. Among chief complaints, 1,079 patients (60.3%) had trauma, 564 (31.5%) had pain, and 75 (4.2%) had bleeding. Twenty-three cases (1.3%) were caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Conclusion: Dentists should be able to adequately assess patients in a dental emergency room and treat trauma, pain, and bleeding.

비공식적인 연구개발 활동이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향

오치훈(Chihun Oh),문성욱(Seongwuk Moon),안준모(Joon Mo Ahn) 한국기술혁신학회 2016 기술혁신학회지 Vol.19 No.2

내부 연구개발 같은 공식적인 연구개발 활동은 기술혁신을 견인하는 중요한 요소로 인식되어 왔으나, 직무훈련, 진보된 생산기술의 도입, 디자인 활동 같은 다양한 부대적인 혁신 관련 활동들도 기술혁신 성과를 제고하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본고는 이러한 비공식적인 연구개발 활동 여부가 기업의 기술혁신 도입에 차이를 가져오는지, 공식적인 연구개발 활동 중심 집단과 비공식적인 연구개발 활동 중심 집단 사이에 기술혁신 도입 차이가 있는지를 2012년 한국 기술혁신 활동 조사 데이터를 사용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 비공식적인 연구개발 활동이 공정혁신 도입에 유의한 차이를 유발할 수 있으며, 내부 연구개발 활동에만 집중하는 기업보다, 디자인・마케팅 같은 비공식적인 연구개발 활동을 함께 추진하는 기업들이 제품혁신을 더 활발히 도입하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 (1) 혁신주체들이 공식적인 연구개발 활동과 함께 비공식적인 연구개발 관련 활동에도 관심을 기울여야 하며, (2) 정부의 혁신지원정책도 이러한 점을 감안하여 수립되어야 함을 정책적 시사점으로 제시하였다. To date, the literature has focused on formal R&D activities, such as internal, joint or external R&D, but informal R&D activities, such as job training or design, can also have a positive impact on technological innovation. To address this research gap, this paper examined 1) the influence of informal R&D activities on innovation adoption, and 2) the differences between formal R&D-oriented and informal R&D-oriented firms in process and product innovation. For this, statistical analysis was conducted using the data set from 2012 Korea Innovation Survey. The results suggest that 1) informal R&D activities can influence process innovation, and 2) firms engaging in both informal and formal R&D actively adopt product innovation. Findings suggest that 1) firms should recognize the importance of informal R&D and 2) national R&D policy should reflect the positive role of informal R&D in technological innovation.