A Hierarchical Text Rating System for Objectionable Documents

Jeong, Chi-Yoon,Han, Seung-Wan,Nam, Taek-Yong Korea Information Processing Society 2005 Journal of information processing systems Vol.1 No.1

In this paper, we classified the objectionable texts into four rates according to their harmfulness and proposed the hierarchical text rating system for objectionable documents. Since the documents in the same category have similarities in used words, expressions and structure of the document, the text rating system, which uses a single classification model, has low accuracy. To solve this problem, we separate objectionable documents into several subsets by using their properties, and then classify the subsets hierarchically. The proposed system consists of three layers. In each layer, we select features using the chi-square statistics, and then the weight of the features, which is calculated by using the TF-IDF weighting scheme, is used as an input of the non-linear SVM classifier. By means of a hierarchical scheme using the different features and the different number of features in each layer, we can characterize the objectionability of documents more effectively and expect to improve the performance of the rating system. We compared the performance of the proposed system and performance of several text rating systems and experimental results show that the proposed system can archive an excellent classification performance.

악하선 암의 치료성적과 예후인자

임치영(Chi Young Lim),남기현(Kee Hyun Nam),이잔디(Jan Dee Lee),장항석(Hang Seok Chang),정웅윤(Woong Youn Chung),차인호(In Ho Cha),이창걸(Chang Geol Lee),최은창(Eun Chan Choi),박정수(Cheong Soo Park) 대한두경부종양학회 2005 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: Submandibular gland tumor is rare, less than 6% of head and neck tumor. The purpose of this article is to analysis the clinical experience and treatment outcomes of malignant submandibular gland tumor, suggesting a guideline of management. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 26 patients who underwent operation for malignant submandibular gland tumor at Severence hospital between 1986 and 2004. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, log rank test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test using SPSS v12.0 for Windows. Results: They consisted of 18 males and 8 females whose median age was 47 years(range: 20-71). 10 cases of adenocystic carcinoma, 8 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 4 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 case each for acinic cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, adeno carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Sialoadenectomy only was performed in 10 cases(36.5%) and sialoadenectomy with neck node dissection was performed in 16 cases(63.5%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was done in 22 cases(84.6%). 10 year disease free survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 63.1 % and 10 year overall survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 70.1%. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. To prevent recurrence and to improve survival, early diagnosis and aggressive surgery must be considered.

도재소부용 저금함유금합금에서 열처리에 따른 Sn의 영향

남상용,김치영,조현설 대구보건대학 1999 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out by oberserving to compositions of oxide on the surface of dental porcelain low gold alloy with various Indium addtions according to the degassing and analysing the change composition of additional elements Sn on diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. The specimens used were Au-Pd-Ag alloys by small Tin addition. These specimens were treated for 10min at 1000℃ in vacuum condition. To investigate the micrstructure of oxidized alloy surface, SEM and EDAX were used and EPMA were used to investigate the diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. X-ray diffraction were used to observe the morphological changes in the oxidation zone. Te results of this study were obtained as follows: 1) The Tin oxidation increased with increasing Sn content after hear treatment. 2) In concentration of Sn on metal-porcelain surface, Sn-6 was most significantry increased 3) In thickness of Sn on metal-porcelain surface, Sn-9 was most significantry increased 4) The oxidations of alloy surface were mainly SnO₂.

광주시 환경오염에 관한 조사연구 (Ⅰ) : 대기오염 및 소음에 관하여 A Study on Air Pollution and Noise Level

남현근,류일광,이치영,강영식 광주보건대학 1978 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Air pollution in Gwangju area was examined for six months from August, 1977 to January. 1978. The surveyed area was divided into four; Industrial, Commercial, Residential and Park area. 'Ten surveying sites which were representing the characteristics of each area were selected. The measuring methods were; the Lead dioxide cylinder method for Sulfur oxides, Triethanolamine plate method for Nitrogen dioxide, Deposit Gauge method of Dustfall, and the Rion noise meter for Noise level. The results we obtained are as follows. 1. SULFUR OXIDES The mean of Sulfur oxides was 0.355㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂, ranging from 0.12 to 0.57㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂. The mean value of Sulfur oxides was 0.57㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Reidential area, 0.51㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Commercial area(Keumnam-Ro 3 Ka), 0.34㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂for Industrial area (Im-Dong), and 0.21㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Park area, respectively. 2. NITROGEN DIOXIDES The mean value of Nitrogen dioxides was 40.75㎍/NO₂/day/100㎠, ranging from 29.79 to 40.75㎍ NO₂/day/100㎠. At Commercial area where the value was the highest, the range of Nitrogene dioxides level was 35.32~50.88㎍ NO₂/day/100㎠. 3. DUSTFALL The mean value of dustfall was 12.8ton/㎢/month, ranging from 5.032 to 24.11 ton/㎢/month. The dustfall for Commercial area was higher than any other area. 4. NOISE The mean value of noise level was 58 dB(A) ranging from 43.3 to 64.4 dB(A). The noise of 64.4 dB(A), at Commercial area was higher than any other area.

인도메타신 소프트 하이드로겔로 부터 약물 방출에 미치는 피부투과촉진제의 영향

남현규,이치호,신영희 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

We prepared a novel dosage form, peel-off type soft hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol), and evaluated the effect of skin penetration enhancer on the indomethacin release from soft hydrogel by in vitro permeation and in vivo absorption test. In this study, we used four enhancers-urea, dimethyl urea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, and pirotiodecane (1[2(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one, HPE-101^??. In addition, we evaluated the primary skin irritation test of soft hydrogel using rabbit. From these results, we could find the pirotiodecane was a prominent enhancer, and soft hydrogel seemed to be safe and have no irritancy.

신경아세포종양 신경초종 1예

남용호,김지연,송계용,윤태진 대한피부과학회 2006 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.44 No.4

Electrostatic Force Microscopy Plasmid DNA의 전기적 특성 관찰

이남주,손정민,진상협,전동렬,강치중 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.23 No.-

p53HIS plasmid DNA를 운모 기판에 착상시켜 기판과 DNA 사이의 전기적인 특성을 electrostatic force microscope(EFM)와 atomic force microscope(AFM)을 이용하여 관찰하였다. DNA를 운모 기판 위에 착상시키기 위해 표면을 NiCl_(2) 용액으로 염 이온 처리했다. 염 이온의 농도에 따라 DNA와 기판과의 상호 작용에 의해 착상량과 DNA 단차 및 EFM 신호(DNA 외관상 단차)에 차이가 있었다. 즉, 염 농도가 높을수록 운모 기판에 고정되어 있는 DNA양이 많아졌고 기판과의 강한 상호 작용에 의해 DNA의 높이가 낮아지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면 EFM신호는 탐침과 기판간의 척력 증가에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 DNA의 한 부분에 전기적인 스트레스를 주었을 때의 특성을 EFM을 이용하여 분석하였다. We observe electrical characteristics between the plasmid DNA and mica by electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Firstly, we treated the mica by NiCl_(2) solution for depositing DNA. We monitored density of DNA molecules, DNA height and EFM signal from DNA-substrate interaction as Ni^(2+) concentration. We observe the plasmid DNA's height as Ni^(2+)concentration using AFM. On the other hand, EFM signal increase by increased repulsion between probe and substrate. After introducing voltage stress to a local area of DNA molecule, apparent height difference of DNA molecules was measured due to the charge injection or removal. Similar experiments were done with different bias polarities and sequential stress steps.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

VCR(VIDEO CASSETTE RECORDER) REMOCON 디자인에 관한 연구

成治憲,金德男 三陟大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

We are received a comfortable and convenience from a lot of domestic electric machinery and tools in our environment, and also development velocity is progressing dizzily through the electronic technology development. Therefore we can't deny our actuality that tools are became more milti-function and high intelligent, people are received more burden in the intellectual capability. These problems source are found that was not considered men's capability on the design man-machine system. remocon, remote controller is used as a tool of communication between man and machine, have many function button to control become multi function, intelligent VTR, and user have to learn meaning of all function keys and to be helped a manual for easily control because function keys most of them have allocated two or three function. So, in this paper we tied to design of LCD touch-screen type Remocon to solve these problem as a kind of solving method, remocon in controlled and confinced by user with the Icon-well defined function and well allocated sequence information-Manual well show control way on a screen.

쯔쯔가무시병에서 가피의 위치와 복장과의 관계

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김의석,박상원,이창섭 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 쯔쯔가무시병의 예방을 위하여 위험지역에서 긴소매 윗옷을 입고 바지 끝을 양말 속에 넣는 것이 권장되고 있다. 이러한 예방조치의 효용성을 알아보기 위하여 우리는 쯔쯔가무시병에서 가피의 위치와 신발과 복장과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 10-12월 사이 6개 병원에서 전형적인 임상양상, 가피의 존재, 혈청검사 결과로 쯔쯔가무시병이 의심되거나 확진된 159명의 성인을 대상으로 가피의 위치, 추정 감염일, 야외활동, 당시 착용한 신발과 복장 등 을 조사하였다. 결과 : 혈청검사는 5명에서 시행되지 않았고 99명이 양성이었으며, 가피는 142명에서 발견되었다. 몸의 두 군데에서 발견된 6명을 제외한 136명 중 82명(60.3%)에서 가피는 하반신(아랫배, 엉덩이, 서혜부, 생식기, 넓적다리, 종아리)에 있었다. 감염일이 추정가능하고 가피가 1개만 있는 44명을 대상으로 하였을 때, 가피가 하반신에서 발견된 17명에서 슬리퍼를 신거나 맨발인 경우는 5명이었으나 상반신에 있는 27명 중에는 아무도 없었다(P=0.006). 바지아랫단을 양말 속에 집어 넣은 4명 중 1명은 하반신에서 3명은 상반신에서 가피가 발견되었다. 42명이 긴 소매 윗옷을 입었는데, 이중 16명은 하반신에서 26명은 상반신에서 가피가 발견되었다(P=1.00). 결론 : 쯔쯔가무시병 환자에서 신발을 신지 않거나 발이 잘 보호되지 않았을 때 가피는 하반신에 더 잘 생겼다. 바지 아랫단의 처리방법이나 긴 소매 윗옷의 착용은 가피의 위치와 통계적으로 유의한 연관관계는 발견되지는 않았다. 그러나 표본수가 적고 유충의 침범경로에 영향을 줄수 있는 다른 요인이 있기 때문에 가피의 위치와 연관관계가 없다고 이 연구에서 단정할 수는 없다. 따라서 쯔쯔가무시병의 예방을 위한 실용적인 권고를 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. Background:Wearing a long-sleeved shirt and tucking the pants legs into the socks is recommended to prevent scrub typhus. This study investigated associations between the location of eschar and the type of clothes and shoes to evaluate the efficacy of these protective measures. Materials and Methods:One-hundred and fifty nine patients in whom scrub typhus was confirmed or suspected based on the typical clinical manifestations, presence of eschar, or positive results of serologic tests at 6 Korean hospitals from October to December 2005 were included in this study. We collected the information on the location of eschar, presumed exposure date to chiggers, and the clothes and shoes which they had worn. Results:Serologic tests were positive in 99 patients. Eschars were observed in 142 patients and 6 of them exhibited more than 2 eschars. Eighty-two (60.3%) of 136 patients with a single eschar had an eschar on the lower half of the body. Of the 44 patients whose exposure date could be estimated, and who had only a single eschar, 5 of the 17 patients with eschars in the lower half of their bodies, and none of the 27 patients with eschars in the upper half of their bodies went barefoot or wore open footware (P=0.006). Only 4 patients tucked the pants into their socks, and an eschar was found in the lower half in one patient, and in the upper half of the body in the other 3 patients. Of 42 patients who wore long-sleeved shirts, eschars were found in their lower bodies in 16, and on their upper bodies in 26 (P=1.00). Conclusion:When the feet were not protected properly with shoes, eschars were found more frequently on the lower half of the body than on the upper half. Wearing a long-sleeved shirt or tucking the pants legs into the socks was not found to be significantly correlated to the location of eschars. Further studies involving larger samples are necessary for the development of practical guidelines of protective measures to prevent scrub typhus.