淸肝散이 急性 Ethanol 中毒에 흰쥐의 肝損傷에 미치는 影響

곽익훈,김종대,정지천,신억섭 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Chunggansan(淸肝散) was tested for the effects on detoxication mechanism of alcohol. Chunggansan was treated firstly into samples, and then ethanol intoxicated animal models were set with them. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxide in tissue of liver proportionally decreased with the level of concentration of extract prepared from Chunggansan. In vivo, after the extract was administered to the animal model for seven days, the level of lipid peroxide in liver dependently decreased in proportion of concentration. The glutathione percentage purposely induced acute ethanol intoxicated samples, followed by Chunggansan pre-medicating administration, increased in compare with the group treated with only ethanol. Also, the enzyme activities of ALT, AST, and r-GTP in liver decreased.

기관지천식 환자에서 Furosemide, Disodium cromoglycate 및 Heparin 흡입이 고장액 식염수 기관지유발검사에 미치는 영향

강천일,현상훈,남언정,김건우,윤종수,서영익,이종명,김능수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.3

목적 : 기관지천식 환자에서 고장액 식염수의 흡입은 기도수축을 유발할 수 있으며 이는 운동유발성 천식반응과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 알레르겐 흡입이나 운동에 의해 유발되는 천식에 예방효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 disodium cromoglycate(DSCG), furosemide 및 heparin 흡입이 4.5% NaCl 기관지유발검사(BPT)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 4.5% NaCl BPT에서 양성반응을 보이는 기관지천식 환자 13명을 대상으로 하였으며 사용된 약물은 furosemide 40㎎, DSCG 40㎎ 및 heparin 1,000μ/㎏이었다. 먼저baseline 4.5% NaCl BPT를 시행한 다음 이들 약물로 전처치후 다시 4.5% NaCl BPT를 시행하여 약물의 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과 : Furosemide 40㎎, DSCG 40㎎및 heparin 1,000μ/㎏의 흡입 전처치는 고장액 식염수에 의한 기도수축 반응에 뚜렷한 예방효과를 보였다. Furosemide와 DSCG로 전처치한 군(n=6)에서 이들의 기도수축 방어율은 각각 100.6±6.6%, 91.1±17.2%였으며 furosemide와 heparin으로 전처치한 군(n=7)에서는 각각 58.7±29.2%, 59.0±51.1%로서 각 군에서 이들 약제간의 방어율에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : Furosemide(40㎎), DSCG(40㎎) 및 heparin(1000μ/㎏)의 흡입 전처치는 고장액 식염수에 의한 기도수축 반응에 뚜렷한 예방효과를 보였으며, 적어도 이 용량에서 기도수축 예방 정도에는 유의한 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. Background: Hypertonic saline (4.5% NaCl) inhalation is known to induce broncho-constriction by affecting mast cell, epithelial cell and vagal afferent pathway in some asthmatics. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) is known to have a preventive effect on allergic asthma and exercise induced asthma, and recently it was reported that furosemide and heparin had similar effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of furosemide, DSCG and heparin on hypertonic saline provocation test in asthmatics. Methods: Thirteen asthmatics with a positive response to hypertonic saline challenge were enrolled. Hypertonic saline and test drugs were generated by ultrasonic nebulizer. After taking baseline 4.5% NaCl challenge, subjects were rechallenged with 4.5% NaCl after inhalation of furosemide 40㎎, DSCG 40㎎ or heparin 1,000μ/㎏. Results: 1. There was a significant positive relationship between PC_20-methacholine and PTM-4.5% NaCl(r=0.5575, p = 0.024). 2. Furosemide, DSCG and heparin had no direct bronchodilating effects. 3. Premedication of furosemide and DSCG(n=6) showed significant protective effects on 4.5% NaCl induced broncho-constriction. The average protection rate were 100.6±6.6% and 91.1±17.2%, respectively. 4. Premedication of furosemide and heparin(n=7) showed significant protective effects on 4.5% NaCl induced broncho-constriction. The average protection rate were 58.7±29.2% and 59.0±51.1%. respectively. Conclusions: Furosemide(40㎎), DSCG(40㎎) and heparin(1.000μ/㎏) had significant protective effects on hypertonic saline induced broncho-constriction in asthmatics, and there were no significant differences in their potency of protection rate.

新自由主義經濟思想과 經濟危機의 構造化(Ⅰ)

朴天翼 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2001 社會科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

신자유주의는 현대자본주의의 핵심적인 경제사상이다. 국경 없는 무한경쟁의 지구촌경제를 주도해나가는 신 자유주의 경제사상은 국가경쟁력의 측면에서 상대적인 우위를 확보하고 있는 선진국들에게는 국가적인 이익을 보장해 주지만, 그렇지 못한 후발국가들에 대해서는 엄청난 경쟁력 강화의 부담과 고통을 안겨 주고 있다 신자유주의 경제학은 범세계적인 자유경쟁의 시장자본주의를 제도화함으로써 국가경쟁력을 전반적으로 향상시켜 지구촌공동체를 한층 더 발전시킨다는 긍정적인 면이 없지 않으나, 국제경쟁구조의 내면을 면면히 분석해 본다면 선진국을 제외한 세계자본주의추종국들에게는 빈곤과 경제위기의 구조화라는 부정적인 측면이 보다 더 크게 부각되고 있음을 부인할 수 없다. 그 원인은 본질적으로 신자유주의 경제학의 이론적 틀 그 자체에 내재하고 있다고 본다. 본 연구에서는 이미 누차에 걸쳐 언급되고 있는 신 자유주의 경제학의 본질과 경제위기의 구조화라는 측면을 체계적으로 분석해 보고자 한다. 특히 신자유주의의 이념적 뿌리와 역사적 전개과정을 개관하고, 현실적인 측면에서 후발국들이 공통적으로 대처해나가야 할 방안들을 모색해 보고자 한다.

老人 低血壓에 對한 文獻的 考察

郭益勳,김종대,鄭智天 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1995 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was perfomed to investigate causes of the senile hypotension, pathogenic mechanism, symptoms, and therapies through medical literatures, recent chinese medical literatures and chinese medical journals. The results are as follows ; 1. The senile hypotension has major symptoms dizziness, weakness, syncope, palpitation, shortness of breath, and deficiency of Qi. Additionally, it has minor symtoms of letharhy, isomnia, tinnitus, amnesia etc... 2. The prodromal symptoms of Kwul and Kwul are relating to the symptoms of tachycardia, facial pallor, sweating, anxietas, ambiguous consciousness, and fainting. Weakness and dizziness due to deficiency make the symptoms of exhaustion, fatigue, vertigo, lethargy, and brachycardia. 3. The most principal cause of the senile hypotension is deficiency of Shen due to aging, congenital deficiency, and chronic illness. The rest of causes are deficiency of Qi and blood, phlegm of retention, stagnation of Qi, blood stasis, blood prostration etc..In the view of the occidental medicine, the causes of the senile hypotension came from the reduction of cardiac output, the decretion of cardiovascular syatem's extention due to aging, hereditary factor, secondary factor due to exsanguination, diabetes mellitus, C.V.A. etc‥, and factor of neurogenic system's degeneration. 4. The principal pathogenic mechanisms are the insufficiency of Xing-Yang the deficiency of Qi in middle jiao, and deficiency of Shen-Oi. The rest of mechanisms are the deficiency of both Qi and blood, stagnation of the Gan-Qi, and the deficiency of Gan and Shen. Zang-Fu Organs have something to do with Xing, Bi, and Shen. 5. As principal therapies, there are warming and recuperation the Xing-Yang, strengthing the middle-jiao and replenishing Qi, replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen, and warming and recuperation the Shen-Yang. Additionally, the therapies of invigorating the Qi and relieving menta1 stress, strengthning the Bi and tonifing the Shen, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, soothing the Gan and regulating the circulation of Qi, and tonifing the Shen and nourishingthe San help the cure of the senile hypotension. In prescriptions there are Baohe Yuan Tang, Buzhong Yigi Tang, Zuoguei Yin, Yougui Yin, Guipi Tang, Zhu Fu Tang, Shengmai San, Sini San, and Qi ju Dihuang Wan. The medical herbs of Astragali Radix, Codonopsitis Pilosulae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Tuber, Ephedrae Herba, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cinnamomi Corfex Spissus, Zingiberia Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Liriopis Tub er, Polygonati Sibirici Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Schigandrae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix can be treated. 6. According to the clinical report, the principal causes are the deficiency of Qi, and insufficiency of Yang which symptoms are dizziness, vitality fatigue and acratia, amnesia, body cold and alger of 'extremity, spontaneous perspiration, and therapy and weak pulse. It was improved by taking WenYang YiQi Tang, Zhu Fu Tang about 20-30 days. The improvement was shown on disappearance of subjective symptoms or the ascending of blood pressure to normal figure, and the rate of improvement was over 70% . 7. As regimens, taking warming and recuperating food(a sheep mutton, juglans regia, chiness date, longan aril ete‥) and pungent food(chinese green onion, fress ginger, pipers fructns etc‥), doing physical training, not being ill in bed at a long time, and preventing descent of blood pressure coming from sudden change of posture are needed. Additionally, the usage of diuretic, abirritant, and depressor needs to be extra cautious.

한국자본주의정신과 동아시아경제모델

박천익 대구대학교 경제경영연구소 2003 경제경영연구 Vol.2 No.1

1960년대 이후 동아시아의 경제발전을 주도해온 동아시아 경제모델이 1990년대에 접어들면서 비판의 대상이 되기 시작했다. 특히 1990년대 후반에 이르러서 동아시아경제가 연쇄적인 경제위기를 겪으면서 그 강도는 높아 졌다. 한국을 비롯한 세계의 주류경제학자들은 합리적 행위가 요구되는 글로발리제이션 시대에 있어서 온정주의적 가치가 다분한 동아시아경제모델은 폐기되어야 한다고 주장하고 있다. 과연 이러한 주장은 옳은 것일까? 만약 동아시아경제모델이 시대적 요구에 맞지 않다면 그 대안은 무엇인가? 경제적 기초가 서구의 그것과는 현저히 다른 동아시아적 환경에서 시장적 글로발리즘은 어떤 문제를 갖고 있는가? 한국경제를 보다 한국적 여건에 맞는 모형을 통해서 한층더 효율적으로 발전시키는 방안은 없는가? 시장론자들은 시장의 능력을 과신하고 있지만 현실적으로 한국경제에 나타나는 많은 부정적 요인들은 잘못된 市場觀에서부터 출발하는 경우가 많다. 시장원리를 근거로 한 放任的 자유, 過當競爭이 야기하는 조직 및 발전의 불안정성은 시장적 사고가 가져오는 부정적 시각의 일부분이다. 경제적, 문화적, 의식적 배경이 서구와 같지 않는 상황에서 맹목적인 시장신뢰 그 자체가 많은 문제를 갖고 있음을 부인할 수 없다. 그렇다면 한국경제를 비롯한 동아시아국가들에 있어서 대안적 모델은 없는가? 필자는 그 대안적 방안을 신동아시아경제모델에서 찾아보고자 한다. 신동아시아경제모델은 기본적으로 유교적 가치를 바탕으로 한 공동체자본주의 모델이다. 즉 경쟁의 효율성과 협동의 안정성을 혼합하여 최적적경제상태를 실현하는데 목표를 두고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 목적의 시론이라고 본다. This study is analysed eastern asian economic model with the sprits of Korean capitalism. In November 1997, only 10 years after the Asian miracle, Korea was on the verge of foreign currency crisis, and Thailand and Indonesia came very close to declaring a national moratorium in July 1997 and in 1998, respectively, as the financial and foreign currency crisis deepened. The drastic deterioration of Eastern Asian economies left experts wondering about the causes of the demise of Eastern Asian economies. Many economists raised criticism on the Eastern Asian economic model itself. The criticism on the Eastern Asian economies led to negation on the very fundamentals of the Eastern Asian Economic models. In consequence, the Eastern Asian economy that had been once a darling of the economist was now considered as a wrong model that to be discarded, according to the pervasive opinion of todays economists. There was no objection to the argument that Eastern Asian economic model built on the Confucius values wasn't fit to the international economy prescribed with logics and competitions. However, there are a lot of flaws with the statement that Eastern Asian economic model should be eradicated due to its illogical and obsolete values. It is well know that many social variables are intricately woven into the economic systems. It is for this reason that in the selection of an economic model that make the most sense to a country, one should take into consideration the social variables that play into an economic model. Although the developed countries in the west have maintained a higher level of economic stability in comparison with the Eastern Asian countries, it is certain that they still have problems ensuring the comfort and happiness of the citizens in terms of the quality of living as well as defining the value systems. The Confucius capitalism of East Asia is deeply rooted in the Confucius values, which center on ethical and mental values with the objective of ensuring people to follow the ethical codes, differing from the market capitalism built on economic interests. The market capitalism is a principle of competitions and order among individuals, clearly defining the efficiency and logical aspects of market principles, but lacks the ethical values for people in communities. The market capitalism is associated with too many problems to become an economic model for a society to adopt: it hasn't addressed the issue of isolation of people, and the lack of community sprit, corporation and sharing within communities and fulfillment of human spiritual quest. This research reviews the fundamentals of the Eastern Asian economic model, as well as re-examining them with the focus on the sprits and value system of the Korean capitalism against the backdrop that the world capitalism becomes central to the contemporary values. After analyzing the Eastern Asian economic model, which was under intense criticism recently, with regards to the fundamentals and the values of Confucius capitalism, this research determines what kind of modification the Confucius capitalism is in need of to be transformed into an advanced model equipped with the logic that meets the future capitalism of the world. The East Asians are in need of a new value system to better prepare themselves for the era of new world capitalism. The new value system is neither Asian nor the western values. The downsides of the western values have caused adverse effects in the western societies, as well. Furthermore, it is questionable whether the western values will be the world-leading values down the road in the future. The best long-term alternative will be to establish new value systems by adopting the western values based on the Asian ones. In other words, the specifics of the market capitalism will be absorbed into a society built on the premises of the Asian values. We should take into account the following criteria in the building of new value system. Firstly, we should understand the essence of the Asian and the western values. The ethical values are of little difference in theory across both cultures. The question is how these values are practiced in reality. Secondly, we should recognize that principle of competitions and reasonability must be upheld and accepted. The market is an institutional devise that leads to efficiency-and has appeals to most people. We are in need of a precise economic model in which Confucius concepts are materialized in market activities. Thirdly, there should be explicit regulations on the specifics of economic activities and the enforcement of these regulations should be validated. A lot of less developed countries suffer from lack of supervision and responsibility over economic activities, and thus fail to deliver economic justices. The East Asian governments should initiate ongoing restructuring on the economic values to equip the economic system with self-control capabilities based on the principle of efficiency.

西歸浦 沿岸海水의 海洋化學的 特性

朴吉淳,梁千益,崔永贊 濟州大學校海洋資源硏究所 1986 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-

1981年 10月부터 12까지 3 個月間 西歸浦 앞바다의 水質을 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 西歸浦 沿岸은 蚊島와 森島를 連結하는 곳을 中心으로 沿岸水와 外海水가 만나는 潮境域이 形成되고 있으며 이 潮境域을 中心으로 沿岸쪽의 營養鹽 濃度가 窒酸鹽을 제외하고는 外海쪽보다 낮다. 西歸浦 沿岸은 韓國 南西海 沿岸에서처럼 11月경이면 成層이 破壞되어 沿直混合이 일어나 表層과 底層의 營養鹽 濃度가 均一해진다. 窒酸鹽과 燐酸鹽 사이에는 좋은 相關關係 (r=0.76)를 갖고 있으며 窒酸鹽=7.63 ×燐酸鹽 - 0.31, N : P=7 : 1 이었다. In the coastal region of Seogwipo, a tidal front where coastal and offshore water are met is thought to be formed in the area where Mun Do and Sam Do are connected. The concentration of nutrients in the surface layer is higher in offshore water than those of coastal seawater except for the nitrates. In this region stratified state is broken in November as in off the southwest coast of Korea, and become homogeneous in the distribution of each constituents. This homogeneous state is maintained in December as well. Linear regression equation is nitrate = 7.63 ×phosphate - 0.31(=0.76), and N : P=7 : 1.

회사채금리의 변화요인 분석

임대봉,박천익 대구대학교 경제경영연구소 2002 경제경영연구 Vol.1 No.2

우리는 과거에 고금리에만 너무 익숙해져 있어서인지 오늘날 금리는 거의 제로(0) 나아가서는 마이너스(-)의 금리수준에 직면해 있다. 본 논문에서는 회사채금리에 대해서 분석을 하였다. 우리는 그동안 저금리를 부러워만 했지만 이제 금리가 떨어지고 경기침체가 지속되자 과도한 저금리의 문제가 부각되고 있는 실정이다. 저금리의 영향으로 말미암아 소비와 경기침체는 물론이고 한계기업의 구조조정 지연 등 저금리의 부작용이 나타나고 있다. 그러면 이와 같은 저금리는 어떤 요인에 의해서 영향을 받게 되는지를 그랜져(Granger)인과관계검정, 충격반응함수, 그리고 마지막으로 예측오차의 분산분해 방법을 통해서 실증분석을 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 회사채금리의 경우에 국내경제가 개방됨으로 인해 대외적인 요인인 주가, 환율, 미국의 회사채금리 수준 등에도 영향을 받는다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 저금리는 이자생활자에게 치명적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 경제전체에도 저축률하락에 따른 투자재원 부족, 경상수지 악화 등 악영향을 미치게 된다. 그리고 경제주체들은 갑작스런 저금리 수준에 적응할 시간적 여유가 불충분했던 관계로 부동산 시장이 과열되는 현상을 초래할 수도 있다. 만약에 부동산 시장의 거품이 빠지면 가계부실과 금융기관의 부실로 이어질 수 있으므로 금리정책을 보다 신중하게 접근해야 할 것으로 보인다.

서귀포 해안해수의 해양화학적 특성

박길순,양천익,최영찬 제주대학교 해양연구소 1986 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.10 No.-

위암 환자에서 절제된 림프절 수의 차이와 관련이 있는 인자

정귀애,박정희,변익건,김경종,장정환,김권천,민영돈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: By the definition of UICC TNM classification (fifth edition), the nodal stage of gastric cancer is based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes, which is influenced by the number of resected lymph nodes. And individual differences in the number of resected lymph nodes had been observed in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to verify the factors which are associated with the difference in the number of resected lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We reviewed 613 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative resection and D2 lymph node dissection with 15 or more resected lymph nodes. The number of resected lymph nodes was analyzed according to the characteristics of patients, the types of operation and prognostic factors of gastric cancer. Results: The mean number of resected lymph nodes per patient was 33.0 (median: 31.0, range: 15-88). The number of resected lymph nodes was significantly associated with the types of operation, the location and size of tumor, macroscopic types, depth of tumor invasion and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Patient's age, gender and the histopathological finding's had no relationship with the number of resected lymph nodes. Conclusions: The number of resected lymph nodes from gastric cancer was different in each patient despite of same D2 lymph node dissection and it was associated with several prognostic factors of gastric cancer.

Reaction Wheel Disturbance Reduction Method Using Disturbance Measurement Table

Cheon, Dong-Ik,Jang, Eun-Jeong,Oh, Hwa-Suk The Korean Space Science Society 2011 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.28 No.4

Momentum changing actuators like reaction wheels and control moment gyros are generally used for spacecraft attitude control. This type of actuators produces force and torque disturbances. These disturbances must be reduced since they degrade the quality of spacecraft attitude control. Major disturbances are mainly due to static and dynamic imbalances. This paper gives attention to the reduction of the static and dynamic imbalance. Force/torque measurement system is used to measure the disturbance of the test reaction wheel. An identification method for the location and magnitude of the imbalance is suggested, and the corrections of the imbalance are performed using balancing method. Through balancing, the static and dynamic imbalance is remarkably reduced.