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Active Audit and Topology Adaptation in Unstructured P2P Overlay Networks
Park, Jun-Cheol Research Institute of Science and Technology HONGI 2005 Hongik Journal of Science and Technology Vol.9 No.-
To make a peer-to-peer(P2P) network free from selfish or malicious peers is a challenging task because of the flat, fully distributed, autonomous, and anonymous nature of such networks. In this paper, we focus on a peer's intentional act of dropping a relaying message, which is hard to be traced to its doer. We propose an audit and topology adaptation scheme to confine and weaken the ill effect from peers dropping messages on other peers in an unstructured P2P network. Using active network technologies, the scheme makes some routers with augmented capability assist the peers in adjusting their overlay connections. It uses a small set of basic primitives only and thus applies to all kinds of unstructured P2P networks. In fact, any legacy peer can execute the algorithm used in the scheme for its own gain by issuing a single query as if it were searching for a file. The scheme encourages the peers to comply with the protocol of the network, which leads to the improvement of service quality and peer satisfaction level. As preliminary results, a restricted usage pattern of the scheme is experimented using various metrics, which demonstrates the practicality of the approach.
다발성 대장암 간전이 환자의 간절제를 위한 새로운 시도
주종우,김형철,임철완,신응진,조규석,유기원,송옥평,홍대식,박성진,조준희,이혜경,김희경,권계원,고은석 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Multiple bilobar liver matastases (MBLM) are the main cause of low resectability in the colon cancer liver metastases. The authors experienced one case of initially non-resectable colon cancer liver metastases. He was curatively and safely treated with a two-stage hepatectomy using the new method of future remnant liver volume growing. A 54-year-old man was referred to our department with the sigmoid colon cancer combined with MBLM, which were checked in two small metastatic lesions in the left lobe and five large sized lesions in the right lobe in the computed tomogram (CT). A laparoscopic assisted anterior resection was primarily performed. We performed the 1^(st) stage hepatectomy 3 weeks after the colon resection. Intra-operative Ultrasonogram (US) found 9 small superficial metastatic lesions in the left lobe. All that lesions were completely removed by non-anatomical wedge resection. An occlusion ballon catheter was placed in the right portal vein through a small branch of the inferior mesenteric vein at that time. The future remnant liver volume was sufficiently increased 3 weeks after the 1^(st) hepatectomy. A right hepatectomy was safely performed 22 days after the 1^(st) hepatectomy. The patient received a regional chemotherapy (interleukin2 based immuno-chemotherapy through hepatic artery) for 4 months, then received 9 cycles of systemic chemotherapy (biweekly Oxaliplation, leucovorin, plus 5-fluorouracil) without any recurrence evidence.
제 3 대구치 발치시 환자의 호흡 패턴이 스트레스 변화 양상에 미치는 영향
이상명,김형욱,박양호,김진철,박준우,이성준,안재목,Rhee, Sang-Myung,Kim, Hyung-Wook,Park, Yang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Park, Jun-Woo,Rhee, Sung-Jun,Nyamdorj, Selenge,Ahn, Jae-Mok 대한구강악안면외과학회 2007 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.33 No.5
Purpose: Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data). It is known as RSA which represents respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Previous studies demonstrated a specific breathing pattern(0.1Hz, 6breaths/min) to improve a physiological body condition related to the stress. In this paper, the level of stress would be evaluated in terms of three phases of the dental treatment, combined with 6breaths/min. Methods: These phases include before, during and after tooth extraction or anesthesia or something.36 patients' stresses were assessed using HRV stress analyzer in each phase in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, and Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center from Jun. to Sept. of 2007. HRV 5-min data collected were analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain to evaluate the activity of autonomic nervous system(ANS) which represents the level of stress. Results: All HRV parameters including HF(high frequency), LF(low frequency) and LF/HF ratio showned a significant change affecting the ANS balance. There was a 6.4% difference between R(LF/HF)s on general breathing pattern for balance of Autonomic nervous system, but on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz, was made narrow till 1.4%. The activity of ANS has increased by 1.4% on general breathing pattern, and by 2.9% on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz. Conclusion: After analysis of preoperative stress changes and effect of breathing pattern of 0.1 Hz on the stress in 36 patients who have undergone third molar extraction, following was concluded. In the preoperative stage, the sympathetic change was the greatest?after the?anesthetic injection, and stress was relieved by controlling the breathing pattern to a frequency of 0.1Hz.
퍼지 PI+D 제어기의 절계변수와 제어가 이득 자기동조에 관한연구
장철수,전정수,황준석,채석 금오공과대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.26 No.-
This paper describes the design of the Proportional-Integral(PI) plus a Derivative(D) controller using self-tuning of the design variables and controller gains. First, the fuzzy PI+D controller is derived from the conventional continuous time linear PI+D controller. Then, the fuzzification, control-rule base, and defuzzification in the the fuzzy controller are discussed in detail. The resulting controller .is a discrete time fuzzy version of the conventional PI+D controller, which has the same linear structure, but is nonlinear functions of the input signals. The proposed controller enhances the self-tuning control capability, particularly when the process to be controlled is nonlinear. When the fuzzy PI+D controller is applied. First, the fuzzy inference results can be calculated with splitting fuzzy variables into each action component and are determined as the functional form of corresponding design variables and adjust controller gains. So the proposed method has the capability of the high speed inference and can be adapted to increasing the number of the fuzzy input variables easilly and has the advantage to reduce a reconstruction(digital sampling reconstruction) error. This controller has better efficiency and improvement by using a design variables and controller gains. 이 논문에서는 설계변수와 제어기 이득의 자기 동조를 사용하는 PI+D 제어기 설계에 대하여 기술한다. 사용된 퍼지 PI+D 제어기는 일반적인 연속 시간 선형 PI+D 제어기를 근사화하여 사용하였고 퍼지화는 퍼지싱글톤으로, 비퍼지화는 간략화된 무게중심법을 사용하였다. 제안된 제어기는 제어대상이 비선형일 때 자기 동조 성능이 개선된다. 퍼지 PI+D 제어기가 적용되면 퍼지추정 결과는 분리된 퍼지 변수로서 다른 작용 성분으로 계산되고, 그 결과는 설계변수에 해당히는 함수의 형태로 결정되어 제어이득을 결정한다. 따라서 제안된 방법은 빠른 속도 추정의 성능을 가지며, 퍼지 입력변수의 증가에도 쉽게 적용될 수 있고, 재생 오차를 줄이는 이점을 가진다. 이 제어기는 설계변수와 제어기 이득의 사용으로 보다 높은 효율성과 개선점을 가지고 있다.
신윤철,배성의,김동섭,윤준상 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1998 産業開發硏究 Vol.6 No.-
본 연구에서는 귀농자수가 점점 늘어나고 있는 사회현상에 관심을 가지고 귀농자들의 귀농동기 및 귀농배경에 대한 특성을 조사 분석하여 귀농자들의 성공적인 영농 정착을 위한 방안을 제시하려는데 있으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 귀농자의 개인적 특성으로 연령분포를 보면 전체 귀농자 중 30대 이하가 60.1%로 젊음층 귀농자가 가장 높은 분포를 보였고, 학력별로는 중졸이하가 35.6%로 가장 높았다. 귀농 년도별로는 ’97~’98. 3월까지 귀농자가 38.7%로 가장 많았으며 귀농시기에 따라 최근에 가까울수록 귀농자수는 늘어나고 있었다. 연령별, 학력별 집단과 귀농 이유간에는 차이가 있었고 귀농 연도별 귀농 이유와는 집단간에 차이가 있음을 발견하지 못하였다. 귀농지역은 고향이 84%로 연고가 있는 지역으로 귀농한 자가 많았으며 귀농 전 도시 생활연수는 6~10년 이하가 29.5%, 11~20년 이하가 28.8%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 둘째, 귀농동기 및 배경적 특성 분석 결과를 보면 귀농하게 된 이유는 앞으로 농촌 전망이 밝아 농업에 종사하기 위해서 30.1%로 가장 높았으며 연령별로 보면 30대가 38.8%로 높은 분포를 이루었고 학력 분포로는 중졸자의 도시소득 미흡을 제외하고는 차이가 없었다. 귀농 시기별로는 ’94년 이전은 도시소득 미흡으로 귀농한 자가 많았고 ’94년 이후는 농업에 확고한 신념을 갖고 영농에 종사하려고 귀농한 자가 많았다. 귀농 전 직업은 회사원이 41.7%로 가장 높았는데 연령별로는 40대 이하는 회사원, 50대 이상은 자영업이 많았다. 학력은 중졸이하자와 대졸이상자는 자영업, 고졸과 전문대졸 출신자는 회사원이 많았고 귀농시기별로는 ’96년 이전 귀농자는 자영업, ’97년 이후는 회사원이 많았다. 연령별, 학력별, 귀농시기별 집단은 귀농 전 직업과 차이가 있음을 발견하지 못하였다. 귀농하는데 권유 또는 영향을 준 사람은 본인 스스로 귀농 결정이 55.2%로 가장 높고 귀농 전 농촌사정 아는 정도는 알고 귀농한 농가가 73.6%로 높게 나타났다.
서가대에 揭示된 小字報를 통해 본 科學英才들의 心理 硏究
陸根鐵,金俊泰 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1997 과학교육연구 Vol.28 No.1
과학영재들이 도서실 서가대에 적어논 소자보를 수집 분석하여 그들이 어떤 문제에 관심을 가지고 있으며, 자신의 목표를 달성하기 위해서 자기 자신을 어떻게 통제하고 길들이고 있는가를 알아보았다. 그 결과 과학영재들은 학교공부 및 진학에 가장 큰 관심을 갖고있으며 자기자신의 자아실현을 위해서 끊임없이 담금질을 하는 목표지향적 특성을 가지고 있었다. 특히 교사와의 인간관계에 있어서 매우 힘들어하는 경향이 나타났다. We investigated the scientifically gifted students' major interests and the discipline for the perfection of themselves through the Sojabo post noted on their bookshelves. As a result, We recognized that they have goal-oriented characteristics and being stressed under competition among friends. Espacially, We discovered that the human relationship with their teachers have a tendency to getting difficult.
조원철,허준행,서규우,이원환 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1994 논문집 Vol.26 No.1
The water level and flow rate data measured at Indogyo measurement point which serves as one of the major measuring points of Han River have been very important in aspect of controlling the flow. Because these data are becoming more and more unreliable due to the recent change in the basin or the narrowing of the river width, these data will be standardized by comparing the recent data of Indogyo measuring point with the past those. To minimize the errors of water level-flow rate curve caused by the yearly changes of basin, the standard water level-flow rate curve with respect to the present basin conditions will be set, and calculated reduced water level will be compared with the past data. And through frequency analysis, frequency-based flood level with respect to return period will be presented. Finally, the total flow rate of the flood measured in September, 1990 at the point of Indogyo measuring point will be compared with the total flow of the past extreme floods.
양혁준,박철완,이근 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2
This study reviewed 103 deaths resulting from trauma in a 30 months in a 30 months period at the Emergency Department of Chung Ang Gil Hospital to evaluate problems in prehospital and hospital resuscitative care. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Among 103 patients who died of trauma, 71 patients were male(68.9%) and 32 patients were female(31.1%). The mortality rate was 0.095% of all 107,741 patients who admitted to the Emergency Department.(Death On Arrival was 0.53%(573 cases) and Death After Arrival was 0.24%(256 cases)during the same period.) 2. The patients who arrived at the Emergency Department from 30 to 60 minutes after onset of urgent situation was 43.7%, but within 1 minutes only 10.7%. The cases transferred by ambulances was only 19.4%, most of rest were moved by public or private vehicles. 3. The cause of trauma was Traffic Accident in 75%, among them 42.7% were pedestrian injury. 4. The time interval between arrival at Emergency Department and onset of cardiac arrest was commonly within 10 minutes in 40.8% of patients. In 43.7% of patients, death was pronounced within 30 minutes after onset of cardiac arrest. 5. The trauma resuscitation were performed as primary surveys and then secondary procedures. The primary surveys were completed in about 3 minutes after the patients arrival : access of airway (89.3%), oxygen administration(86.4%), IV access(92.2%), and EKG monitoring(81.6%). The secondary procedures were initiated within 10 minutes : endotracheal intubation(81.6%), CVP monitoring(46.6%), paracentesis & DPL(44.7%) and thoracentesis & chest tube insertion(21.4%). 6. The main causes of death were brain injury(36.4%) and irreversible shock(32.0%). On physical examination, the most frequent injuried site was head and neck as 35.4%. 7. The mean ISS of all deaths was 45.24 ±13.59, the mean GCS was 6.44 ±3.36 and the mean RTS was 3.20 ±2.38. By the TRISS method, the mean Ps of deaths was 0.2441. Unexpected death, who were died inspite of Ps?0.5, were 23 cases.