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최희수,서만철,오진용 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2003 문화재과학기술 Vol.2 No.1
경주 불국사의 다보탑과 석가탑은 751년에 축조된 국보급 문화재이나 오늘날은 석재의 풍화 및 지대석의 어긋남 현상들이 관찰된다. 이에 대한 정확한 이해는 두 석탑의 안정성 진단에 필수적이며 따라서 석탑의 지반환경과 석재 물성에 관한 비파괴 정밀 조사가 필요로 한다. 이 연구에서는 석재의 역학적 성질을 위해 초음파 속도 측정을 실시하였고 천부지질구조를 위해 탄성파, 전기비저항, 지하레이더 등의 비파괴 복합 지구물리탐사를 석탑 주변에서 수행하였다. 초음파 속도범위는 석가탑에서는 1217~4403 m/s이며, 다보탑에서는 584~5845 m/s이며 이로부터 추정한 일축강도 평균치는 각각 463 kg/cm^(2), 409 kg/cm^(2)이다. 대체로 두 석탑 주변의 북서쪽 구역에서 낮은 탄성파 속도와 비저항 값이 나타나, 이 부분을 비교적 연약한 지반으로 해석한다. 그리고, 탄성파 속도분포에서는 다보탑 지반이 더 큰 속도를 보여 상대적으로 석가탑 지반보다 견고함을 보여준다. 대체로 석탑지반의 전기비저항은 최대 2200 Ωm이며 200 Ωm내외의 외부지반보다 더 높은 값을 보인다. 복합 지구물리탐사 결과를 종합하면 다보탑지반의 형태는 8각형(한 변은 6 m)으로 그 깊이는 약 4 m 이나, 석가탑지반은 약 8x10 m의 직사각형 형태로 깊이는 약 3 m 이다. Two three-story stone pagodas, Seokgatap and Dabotap, built in 791 at Bulkuksa temple, are well-known national treasures. However, they have experienced weathering process and an offset of the stone alignment is observed at the base part of Dabotap. Understanding of these phenomena is essential for the structural safety diagnosis for them, and therefore the nondestructive geophysical methods was applied. Direct measurements of ultrasonic velocities was introduced for the mechanical properties of the stone. Multidisciplinary geophysical prospectings including seismic, resistivity, ground-penetrating radar(GPR) methods were carried out around two pagodas for their site characteristics. The velocity ranges of ultrasonic waves for Dabotap and Seokgatap are 1217~4403m/s and 584~5845m/s, respectively, and the estimated averages of the uniaxial compressive strength are 463 kg/cm^(2) and 409 kg/cm^(2), respectively. At the northeast of each pagodas, the lower seismic velocities and resistivities are shown, which is interpreted to be weaker subsurface section. On the basis of the higher velocity structure, the site of Seokgatap appears to have solider stability than the Seokgatap site. Near the pagodas, higher(up to 2200 Ωm) resistivity is present whereas their outskirts have as low as 200 Ωm. By the combined results of each geophyscial methods, the subsurface boundaries of each stone pagodas are revealed. The Dabotap site is in the form of an octagon having 6-m-long side with the depth of ~4 m, whereas the Seokgatap site is the 8x10 m rectangle with the depth of 3 m.
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신에스더,박희서,이시예,송우리,김명철,김덕환,송근호 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-
A 3-month-old, 3.85kg female Jin-do dog with chief complaint of bloody diarrhea and depression was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. In fecal examination, trophozoites of giardia were observed and It was diagnosed as canine giardiasis. For treatment, metronidazole was administered orally for 5 days at a dose of 22mg/kg q12h. Diarrhea was not observed on 3 days after medication and most of clinical signs were disappeared on 7 days after medication with metronidazole. General conditions and activitivities became good on 13 days after medication. In addition, cysts or trophozoites of giardia were not detected any more in fecal examination using floating method with zinc sulphate solution. The present patient was a case of canine giardiasis that showed favorable response to metronidazole.
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송우리,이시예,신에스더,박희서,정성목,송근호,김명철 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-
A 4 years old, mixed male dog with a history of traffic accident was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with tachypnea and respiratory distress. Physical examination showed that the dog was auscultated crackles sounds, dysynchronous abdominal breathing pattern, hemoptysis, hematuria, urodynia and right and left scleral congestion. Blood and blood chemical examination revealed that WBC, AST and ALT was highly elevated. Parenchymal pulmonary fluid and closed pneumothorax were observed by thoracic radiography. This case was diagnosed as pulmonary contusion. Intravenous fluid and oxygen was administered and also dexamethasone(1mg/kg, Ⅳ), furosemide(2mg/kg, Ⅳ), (ampicillin, 20mg/kg, Ⅳ) and meloxicam(0.2mg/kg, PO) were intravenously injected for 5 days. Abnormal clinical signs were disappeared after treatment.
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Hierarchical End-to-end Control Policy for Multi-degree-of-freedom Manipulators
Cheol-Hui Min,Jae-Bok Song 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.10
In recent years, several control policies for a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator using deep reinforcement learning have been proposed. To avoid complexity, previous studies have applied a number of constraints on the high-dimensional state-action space, thus hindering generalized policy function learning. In this study, the control problem is addressed by in-troducing a hierarchical reinforcement learning method that can learn the end-to-end control policy of a multi-DOF manipula-tor without any constraints on the state-action space. The proposed method learns hierarchical policy using two off-policy methods. Using human demonstration data and a newly proposed data-correction method, controlling the multi-DOF manipu-lator in an end-to-end manner is shown to outperform the non-hierarchical deep reinforcement learning methods.
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운명과의 만남 -김윤식의 임화론에 대한 몇 가지 주석-
전철희 ( Cheol-hui Jeon ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소(구 한양대학교 한국학연구소) 2019 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.76 No.-
한국의 문학(연구)사에서 임화와 김윤식은 독보적인 위치에 놓여 있다. 본고의 목적은 김윤식의 임화론을 메타적으로 독해하는 것이다. 이 작업은 김윤식의 연구방법론을 추출하고 임화에 관한 평가 하나를 복원시키는 작업에 일조할 수 있을 것이다. 김윤식은 『한국근대문예비평사연구』에서 정치와 문학의 관계를 검토했다. 이후 그는 사상사에 몰두하면서 정치적 문제와 현실적 상황이 개별 문인들의 내면에 침투하는 양상에 천착했다. 임화의 존재는 그로 하여금 방법론적 전환을 하게끔 부추긴 매개 중 하나가 되었다. 김윤식은 임화가 현실을 극복하려는 노력(진정성)을 지녔다고 말하기 위해 루카치로부터 “운명” 개념을 차용했다. 김윤식은 중기나 후기의 루카치보다 초기의 루카치를 호의적으로 수용했는데, 이는 한국의 비평가-연구자로서 이색적인 이력이었다. 초기 루카치의 ‘운명’ 개념에 천착한 드문 비평가였기에, 김윤식은 임화가 진정성을 투철히 추구한 결과 비극적인 죽음을 맞았다는 독창적인 평가를 제시할 수 있었다. 한편 김윤식은 1970년대까지 임화가 근대의 양가적 속성을 총체적으로 살피지 못했다면서 ‘현해탄 콤플렉스’를 비판했다. 그러나 『임화연구』에서는 비판의 강도가 현저히 약해져 있다. 그리고 이후의 저작인 『임화와 신남철』에서는 임화에 대해 더욱 우호적인 태도가 드러난다. 이런 태도 변화는 김윤식의 문학관이 달라진 경과를 집약하여 보여준다. 「임화연구」를 쓸 때까지 김윤식은 ‘자주적’인 문제의식을 견지하고 있었다. 그래서 제도적 근대성을 강조한 임화에 대해서는 이견을 표현할 수밖에 없었던 것이다. 김윤식이 임화를 우호적으로 평가하게 된 것은 ‘가치중립성으로서의 근대’ 개념을 받아들인 결과였다. 이 둘은 각자의 시대정신을 체현한 것처럼 느껴질 만큼 우직하게 자신들이 설정한 목적을 추구했다는 점에서, 후대의 문학인 들에게 귀감이 될 만하다. In Korea's history of literature (study), Im Hwa and Kim Yoon-sik are in a unique position. The purpose of this paper is to read Kim Yoon-Sik’s evaluation of Im Hwa. This will be an pre-work for extracting the methodology of Kim Yoon-Sik. Kim Yoon-sik examined the relationship between politics and literature in 「Korea Modern Literary Criticism Research」. Since then, he has devoted himself to the “history of thought” and has examined the political issues and the actual situations that individual writers belong. The presence of the im Hwa was one of the mediators that encouraged him to make a methodological shift. Kim Yoon-sik borrowed the concept of “destiny” from Lukacs to say that Im Hwa had an effort to overcome reality. Kim Yoon-sik accepted favorably of Lukacs earlier than Lukacs in the middle or late period. Because he was a rare critic who accepted early Lukacs’s “destiny” concept, he was able to present a unique assessment that Im-Hwa was tragically dead after pursuing authenticity. On the other hand, Kim Yoon-sik criticized ‘Hyun-Hae-Tan complex’ by saying that Im-Hwa had not been able to look at the dual nature of modernity until 1970’s. However, the intensity of criticism has been remarkably weakened in the “study of Im-hwa”. And in Kim’s later works, “Im hwa and Shin Nam-cheol” presented a more friendly attitude to Im Hwa. This change in attitude shows the change of the literary scene of Kim Yoon-sik. Kim Yoon-sik maintained the self-consciousness of the problem until he wrote the “study on Im-hwa”. Therefore, it was necessary to express the disagreement about the ‘study of Im-Hwa’ which emphasized institutional modernity. It was the result of accepting the concept of ‘modernity as a value neutrality’. These two are worthy of note to future generations of writers because they pursued the purpose set by them so that they finally seemed to embody the spirit of their age.
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