Risk Assessment of Baby Powder Exposure through Inhalation

Min Chaul Moon,Jung Duck Park,Byung Soon Choi,So Young Park,Dong Won Kim,Yong Hyun Chung,Naomi Hisanaga,Il Je Yu 한국독성학회 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.3

This study was conducted to assess the exposure risk through inhalation to baby powder for babies and adults under simulated conditions. Baby powder was applied to a baby doll and the amount of baby powder consumed per application was estimated. The airborne exposure to baby powder during application was then evaluated by sampling the airborne baby powder near the breathing zones of both the baby doll and the person applying the powder (the applicator). The average amount of baby powder consumed was 100 ㎎/application, and the average exposure concentration of airborne baby powder for the applicator and baby doll was 0.00527 ㎎/㎥ (range 0.00157~0.01579 ㎎/㎥) and 0.02207 ㎎/㎥ (range 0.00780~0.04173 ㎎/㎥), respectively. When compared with the Occupational Exposure Limit of 2 ㎎/㎥ set by the Korean Ministry of Labor and the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 2 ㎎/㎥ set by the ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), the exposure concentrations were much lower. Next, the exposure to asbestos-containing baby powder was estimated and the exposure risk was assessed based on the lung asbestos contents in normal humans. As a result, the estimated lung asbestos content resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing baby powder was found to be much lower than that of a normal Korean with no asbestos-related occupational history.

Self-division and Self-sacrifice in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders

Sagong, Chaul(사공철) 건국대학교 스토리앤이미지텔링연구소 2018 스토리&이미지텔링 Vol.15 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 토마스 하디의 『숲속의 사람들』에 나타난 여성 주인공 그레이스와 남성 주인공 가일스의 자아를 탐구하는 데 있다. 이 작품의 주요 무대인 리틀 힌톡은 단순한 목가적 공동체가 아니라 공동체 내에서의 두 주인공들의 자아형성 배경으로 작용한다. 위기에 놓인 당시의 농촌 공동체의 흥망성쇠와 더불어 젠더와 계급의 불안정한 성격이 두드러지게 나타난다. 하디는『숲속의 사람들』을 다른 어떤 소설보다도 최고의 작품으로 묘사했지만, 이야기의 전반적인 전개는 침울한 분위기로 흐른다. 공동체 내의 인간관계에서 서로 다른 정체성을 지닌 두 주인공들은 갈등과 대립으로 인하여 양립할 수없는 관계에 놓이게 되면서 그들의 불행한 결말을 독자들에게 남긴다. 따라서 이 논문은 두 주인공들의 불행을 불안정한 자아정체성에서 비롯된다고 보고 그레이스의 “자아분열”과 가일스의 “자기희생”에 초점을 맞추면서 고찰하게 된다. 그레이스와 가일스의 불행한 삶과 그들 자신의 불안정안 자아를 통해서 인간은 자아분열과 자기희생 어느 한쪽의 치우침이 없는 보편적인 자아성찰과 더불어 서로 소통하며 주변의 자연환경과 동화되어 자연스럽게 살아야 한다는 평범한 삶의 진리를 깨닫게 된다. 바로 이러한 점이 필자가 이 논문에서 논의하려는 주된 요지이다. The purpose of this paper is to explore the self of the male and female protagonists, Grace and Giles in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders. In The Woodlanders, Little Hintock is not a simple pastoral community, but a background for self-formation of protagonists within the community. This work shows the ups and downs of the rural community during times of social crisis, where the unstable nature of gender and class appears more prominent. Moreover, Hardy elaborates his emphasis on Grace’s and Giles’s self, which are the key points throughout the novel. Though Hardy described The Woodlandres “as a story, more than any of his other novels” (Millgate 279) and as “the best of all”(Florence 151), the overall development of the story takes on a more sombre tone and leaves readers with an unhappy ending. The emphasis will be placed on the incompatible aspects of characters’ identity that arise from conflicts and confrontations by the different identities between community and individuality of human relations. Therefore this paper will prove identities of their self, focusing on “Self-division” of Grace and “Self-sacrifice” of Giles. Through the unhappy life of Grace and Giles and the instability of their self, we are able to learn about the deep meaning of self-reflection. Furthermore, we realize the realities of life and how it relates through communication with each other in harmony and the natural environment surrounding us. The above is the major issue that I attempt to discuss in the paper.

MODIFICATIONS DES GROUPES CONSONANTIQUES DUES A L'EPENTHESE

Sang-Chaul RHEE(이상철) 사단법인 한국언어학회 1990 언어학 Vol.0 No.12

『속된 무리를 떠나서』에 나타난 밧세바의 여성 정체성 탐구 — 포스트콜로니얼의 페미니즘 관점에서

Sagong, Chaul 한국중앙영어영문학회 2016 영어영문학연구 Vol.58 No.4

The purpose of this research is to search feminine identity of Bathsheba on postcolonial feminism in Thomas Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd. During Thomas Hardy’s times, the setting for English social change was the industrialization through rapid scientific developments. In a society like this, the social lives of the contemporary women were limited because of exclusive values of social status, sexual ideology, education, religion, marriage, gender difference, and confinement of the class, yet Bathsheba who is suspicious of the contemporary male-centered society restructures her own status and feminine identity, breaking the conventional patterns of the male and the female. The romance of Bathsheba is made up of such main components as work, money, social status, and masculinity in which woman is considered as an economic subject of contemporary society. In this view, this study is to analyze the “Androgyny” of Bathsheba from the viewpoint of the postcolonial feminism, by comprehensively understanding feminine identity of Bathsheba in Far from the Madding Crowd.

청소년 주인공의 죽음의 충격을 통한 자아의 치유와 성장

사공철(Sagong, Chaul) 신영어영문학회 2016 신영어영문학 Vol.64 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to trace the process of healing through the impact of death in juveniles and help them to cultivate the right self-maturity. 11 Honor Books of these children’s literature can be read for the therapeutic purposes for young readers in “Bibliotherapy” Newberry Medal and Honor Books such as Missing May(2003), Out of the Dust(1999) focus on death as a main theme. These two fictions describe the impact of the death of a mother and a sister on the main characters and the painful process of their recovery from these distressing experiences. The healing properties of these two novels effectively help young readers to cope with current and potential problems related to death. Understanding two juvenile characters like ‘Summer’ and ‘Billie’ can provide them with the insight for the momentum for the healing and the maturity in spiritual growth of self. Therefore the hope of new life revives in juveniles suffering the agony of death through reading Missing May, Out of the Dust.

COVRIR 계열 동사들의 형태소분석

이상철(Sang Chaul Rhee) 한국프랑스학회 1997 한국프랑스학논집 Vol.23 No.-

En se fondant sur la conception de tiroir. propose 1`origine par Damourette et Pichon, Nelly Andrieux Reix a analyst certains systmes morphologiques de 1`ancien franais d`un point de vue synchronique. et tenth d$quot;en d~finir des bases verbales dune nouvelle fa~on. Ainsi, lors de la definition dune base, elle presconise que la premiere chose qu`on doive prendre en consideration n$quot;est pas sa composition phonologique. mais sa rE`partition daps la totality des paradigmes verbaux. Son travail a exerc une influence remarquable sur la morphologie, surtout sur la typologie du verbe. Malgr son importante contribution au dweloppement de la morphologie. la m~thode d$quot;analyse de Mme Andrieux, nous semble-t-il, contient deux proble`mes fondamentaux (1) refus effectif de reconnaitre des bases verbales dant le num~ro exc~de le chiffre 6. 2) negligence de caract8res phonologiquea propres d chaque forma verbale. Dana cette etude, qui a pour but de rwler ces deux problmes, noun avona examine 1`analyse dea verbes du type COVRIR avance par Mme Andrieux et dbmontr, de la aorta, la ncesaitk de reconnaitre B7 dans la synchronie de 1`ancien fran~sis. La conclusion de notre btude se resume de la faon suivante (a) la r8gle (realisation vocalique de /r/) ne peut ~tre acceptke pour 3 raisons (voir 1.3). (b) 1`analyse de Mme Andrieux, qui exige la rgle (rbalisation vocalique de /r/), neat donc plus convaincante, (c) pour la derivation ad8quate dea Futurs I. II et du participe pass, nous proposona qua cette rgle aoit remplace par deux autrea rgles : Tune, (voyelle de aoutien) et 1`autre. (mtathae). (d) lea participes pases dea verbea du type COVRIR doivent s`analyser en B7, non pas en Bl+t, alors que leurs future s`analysent touiours en B1. (e) lea participea paas~a de tenir et venir peuvent a`analyser soit en B1 +u para1181ement 1`analyae de volu (Bl+u), soit en B7.

Risk Assessment of Baby Powder Exposure through Inhalation

Moon, Min-Chaul,Park, Jung-Duck,Choi, Byung-Soon,Park, So-Young,Kim, Dong-Won,Chung, Yong-Hyun,Hisanaga, Naomi,Yu, Il-Je Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

This study was conducted to assess the exposure risk through inhalation to baby powder for babies and adults under simulated conditions. Baby powder was applied to a baby doll and the amount of baby powder consumed per application was estimated. The airborne exposure to baby powder during application was then evaluated by sampling the airborne baby powder near the breathing zones of both the baby doll and the person applying the powder (the applicator). The average amount of baby powder consumed was 100 mg/application, and the average exposure concentration of airborne baby powder for the applicator and baby doll was 0.00527 mg/$m^3$ (range 0.00157~0.01579 mg/$m^3$) and 0.02207 mg/$m^3$ (range 0.00780~0.04173 mg/$m^3$), respectively. When compared with the Occupational Exposure Limit of 2 mg/$m^3$ set by the Korean Ministry of Labor and the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 2 mg/$m^3$ set by the ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), the exposure concentrations were much lower. Next, the exposure to asbestos-containing baby powder was estimated and the exposure risk was assessed based on the lung asbestos contents in normal humans. As a result, the estimated lung asbestos content resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing baby powder was found to be much lower than that of a normal Korean with no asbestos-related occupational history.

고대불어 형용사에서의 격 cas 일치

이상철(Sang-chaul RHEE) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.0 No.28

토마스 하디의 『귀향』에 나타난 자연과 인간의 생태학적 사유(思惟)

사공철(Sagong, Chaul) 신영어영문학회 2018 신영어영문학 Vol.70 No.-

The aim of this paper is to ecologically speculate about the corelation of Nature and Human-beings in Thomas Hardy’s The Return of the Native focused on Egdon Heath and Character. In this novel, the events take place in a single setting, and Egdon Heath is a kind of character that plays the most prominent role, causing happiness and unhappiness of human-beings. The goodness of fit with Egdon Heath is presented as a kind of norm to which human-beings must adapt themselves to Nature. Diggory Venn, Thomasin Yeobright and Clym Yeobright are friendly to Nature, Egdon Heath and don’t resist the force of it, and also they are at least not unhappy. But Eustacia, Wildeve and Mrs Yeobright are unfriendly to Nature. Eustacia and Wildeve directly resist the force of it, and Mrs Yeobright is indifferent to the force of it, and they all come to death. The tragedy of them is due to the resistance against Egdon Heath and the inharmony with it. Therefore, In The Return of the Native as a novel of Character and Environment, the meaning of Egdon Heath is for us to awaken how to live in harmony with Nature.

사례 유사도와 웹 마이닝을 이용한 XML 기반 경매 시스템의 설계

조항철(Hang Chaul Cho),이용규(Yong Kyu Lee) 한국멀티미디어학회 2001 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2001 No.2