The Functional Properties of Preserved Eggs: From Anti-cancer and Anti-inflammatory Aspects

Changyi Mao,Zhihui Yu,Chengliang Li,Yongguo Jin,Meihu Ma 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Preserved egg, a kind of alkaline-fermented food, is a traditional egg product in China. Here, we investigated the nutritional functions of preserved eggs by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results of in vivo studies showed that the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the liver of rats treated with preserved eggs. Meanwhile, the levels of two important cancer markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) in treated rats. In vitro studies were performed on Caco-2 cells, a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. It demonstrated that the gastrointestinal (GI) digests of preserved eggs significantly accelerated (p<0.05) the apoptosis by upregulating caspase-3 in the Caco-2 cells. Besides, after treated with preserved eggs, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of preserved eggs digests to Caco-2 cells was 5.75 mg/mL, indicating the significant inhibition of cell proliferation provided by preserved eggs (p<0.05). The results shown in this study demonstrated that preserved eggs may be a novel functional food involved with antilipemic, anti-inflammatory activity as well as the effect on accelarating the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells.

Frequency and Length Adjustment of A PEFP Low-Beta Dumbbell

Changyi, Gao,An, Sun,Liping, Zhang,Yazhe, Tang,Yingmin, Li,Kim, Han-Sung,Cho, Yong-Sub The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2008 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.10 No.2

Superconducting RF cavities are being considered for accelerating a proton beam at 700 MHz in the linac of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) and its post-project. Dumbbell fabrication is a mid-process for manufacturing an elliptical superconducting RF cavity. During the dumbbell fabrication, control of the dumbbell length and the $TM010\;{\pi}$ mode frequencies is necessary to build up a desired cavity. A new formula with a perturbation measurement method is used to measure and calculate the frequencies of the individual half-cells of a PEFP low-beta dumbbell, and to tune the frequency and length of the half-cells. In this article, the tuning method and results of the PEFP low-beta dumbbells have been presented.

Vibrio vulnificus PlpA facilitates necrotic host cell death induced by the pore forming MARTX toxin

Changyi Cho,Sanghyeon Choi,Myung Hee Kim,Byoung Sik Kim 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.2

Opportunistic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus causes severe systemic infection in humans with high mortality. Although multiple exotoxins have been characterized in V. vulnificus, their interactions and potential synergistic roles in pathogen-induced host cell death have not been investigated previously. By employing a series of multiple exotoxin deletion mutants, we investigated whether specific exotoxins of the pathogen functioned together to achieve severe and rapid necrotic cell death. Human epithelial cells treated with V. vulnificus with a plpA deletion background exhibited an unusually prolonged cell blebbing, suggesting the importance of PlpA, a phospholipase A2, in rapid necrotic cell death by this pathogen. Additional deletion of the rtxA gene encoding the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin did not result in necrotic cell blebs. However, if the rtxA gene was engineered to produce an effector-free MARTX toxin, the cell blebbing was observed, indicating that the pore forming activity of the MARTX toxin is sufficient, but the MARTX toxin effector domains are not necessary, for the blebbing. When a recombinant PlpA was treated on the blebbed cells, the blebs were completely disrupted. Consistent with this, MARTX toxin-pendent rapid release of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase was significantly delayed in the plpA deletion background. Mutations in other exotoxins such as elastase, cytolysin/hemolysin, and/or extracellular metalloprotease did not affect the bleb formation or disruption. Together, these findings indicate that the pore forming MARTX toxin and the phospholipase A2, PlpA, cooperate sequentially to achieve rapid necrotic cell death by inducing cell blebbing and disrupting the blebs, respectively.

Enhanced Expression of Peroxiredoxin I and VI Correlates with Development, Recurrence and Progression of Human Bladder Cancer

Quan, Changyi,Cha, Eun-Jong,Lee, Hyung-Lae,Han, Kwang Hee,Lee, Keon Myung,Kim, Wun-Jae Williams and Wilkins Co 2006 The Journal of urology Vol.175 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>PRDXs are antioxidant enzymes that have an important role in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. We investigated whether PRDX I and VI expression is related to bladder cancer.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>PRDX I and VI mRNA levels were examined in 149 tumor specimens in patients with primary bladder cancer, in 19 specimens with corresponding normal-appearing bladder mucosa surrounding cancer and in 18 with normal bladder mucosa using real-time polymerase chain reaction.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>PRDX I and VI expression in bladder cancer (0.6644 and 0.1455 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in normal tissue (0.0278 and 0.0542 pg/ml, each p <0.05) and higher than in corresponding normal bladder mucosa surrounding cancer (0.2353 and 0.0304 pg/ml, respectively, each p <0.0005). PRDX I and VI expression was enhanced in patients with no recurrence (0.8148 and 0.2232 pg/ml) and no progression (0.7405 and 0.1716 pg/ml) compared with levels in those with recurrence (0.4314 and 0.0588 pg/ml) and progression (0.4338 and 0.0668 pg/ml, respectively, each p <0.05). PRDX I and VI expression did not correlate with disease-free survival in patients with bladder cancer.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Enhanced PRDX I and VI expression is strongly associated with bladder cancer development. Moreover, enhanced PRDX I and VI expression is also positively associated with a low rate of bladder cancer recurrence and progression. It might be useful as a marker for assessing the recurrence or progression of human bladder cancer.</P>

High Density Lipoprotein from Egg Yolk (EYHDL) Improves Dyslipidemia by Mediating Fatty Acids Metabolism in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

Zhihui Yu,Changyi Mao,Xing Fu,Meihu Ma 한국축산식품학회 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.2

We investigated the effect of high density lipoprotein from egg yolk (EYHDL) on serum, hepatic and fecal lipid and fatty acids (FAs) levels and on gene expression involved in FAs metabolism. Male KM mice were fed either normal diet (ND; n=20), high fat diet (HFD; n=20), or high fat diet containing EYHDL (EYHDL; 0.6 mg/g, every day by oral gavage, n=20) for 100 days. At the end of the experiment, the effects of treatments on biochemical parameters, FAs profiles and involved gene expression were analyzed. Our results revealed that EYHDL markedly suppressed the body weight gain, accumulation of abdominal fat tissues, serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation, while increased serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). EYHDL intake also increased total cholesterol (TC) excretions compared with HFD group. Moreover, it alleviated the severity of fatty liver and improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared with HFD. More importantly, EYHDL partially normalized FAs profiles in serum, liver and fecaces and neutralized the HFD-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c, Acaca, Fasn, GPAT and Scd1. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EYHDL may have the potential to improve metabolic disturbances that occur in HFD mice and can be considered as an appropriate dietary recommendation for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

The strength analysis and probabilistic design of a bogie frame with incomplete probabilistic information

Hao Lu,Changyi Wang,Haibao Guo,Hao Lv,Yimin Zhang 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.3

A bogie frame is a key component of high-speed rail; higher requirements of the safety and stability of the bogie frame are put forward with the continuous improvement of the train speed. In this study, we first performed a strength analysis of a bogie frame according to the JIS E 4207 standard by using finite element method. Then, we did a reliability analysis of the bogie frame. The reliability problems are defined as strength reliability and resonant frequency reliability, which indicate the structural safety and stability of the bogie frame. The reliability estimation is realized by experimental design, artificial neural network and stochastic perturbation theory. Additionally, reliability-based sensitivity indices were derived to measure the parameter importance of random input variables. An illustrative example of the bogie frame with incomplete probabilistic information was used to demonstrate the applications of the proposed method for reliability and reliability-based sensitivity estimation in terms of strength and resonant frequency reliability. The results indicate that vertical loads and the material density have more of an impact on reliability than other variables of the bogie frame.

Chemokine Signaling Pathway Involved in CCL2 Expression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Lin Zhang,Changyi Li,Min Yu,Jiayin Deng,Xing Lv,Jun Liu,Yu Xiao,Wenjie Yang,Yuru Zhang 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.4

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disorder, the progressionof which leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Chemokines are involvedin RA pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the chemokine signaling pathway associated with CCL2 in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial tissues (ST) of RA patients based on our previous work about chemokine signaling pathway involvedin the activation of CCL2 production in collagen-induced arthritis rat ST. Materials and Methods: Total RNA was isolated from PB leukocytes and synoviumof the knee joint in both RA patients and control populations. Real-time polymerasechain reaction was used to determine CCL4, CCR5, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCL2 expressions. Serum level of CCL2 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the production of CCL2 in ST was analyzed immunohistochemically. Results: The expressions of CCL4, CCR5, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCL2 messenger RNA in RA patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, both in ST and on PB leukocyte. Serum CCL2 levels were elevated in RA patients. Histological examination of rheumatoid joints revealed extensive CCL2 expression in RA ST. Conclusion: CCL2, CCL4, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCR5 may play an important role in the recruitment of PB leukocytes into the RA joints. These data provide evidence that the chemokine signaling pathway is involved in CCL2 expression in RA patient tissues, which may contribute to chronic inflammation associated with RA. Targetingthis signaling pathway may provide a novel therapeutic avenue in RA.

단순 베이즈 분류에서 FDR 기반의 범주형 변수의 선택

신지은(Jieun Shin),박창이(Changyi Park) 한국데이터정보과학회 2021 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.32 No.6

단순 베이즈 분류는 반응변수가 주어졌을 때 설명변수들이 조건부 독립이라는 단순 베이즈 가정에 기반한다. 비록 단순 베이즈 가정은 다소 강한 가정이지만 단순 베이즈 분류기는 고차원 데이터에서 합리적인 성능과 계산상의 이점을 보이고 있다. 고차원 데이터에는 보통 많은 잡음 변수들이 있기 때문에 변수선택은 분류기의 예측의 정확도와 해석을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 단순 베이즈 분류에서 FDR (false discovery rate) 조절에 기반한 범주형 변수선택법을 제안한다. 모의실험과 실제 데이터 분석을 통해 제안한 방법과 변화점 분석에 기반한 또 다른 변수선택법과 비교하며 제안한 방법이 특히 희박한 혹은 고차원 데이터에 대하여 더 효율적임을 보인다. Naïve Bayes classification is based on the naïve Bayes assumption that explanatory variables are conditionally independent given the response variable. Although the naïve Bayes assumption is rather strong, the naïve Bayes classifier shows reasonable performances and has computational advantages on high-dimensional data. Since high-dimensional data sets usually have many noisy variables, variable selection can improve the accuracy in prediction and the interpretation of the classifier. In this paper, we propose a categorical variable selection method based on FDR control in naïve Bayes classification. Through simulations and real data analysis, the proposed method is compared with another variable selection method based on change point analysis and the proposed methods is illustrated to be more effective, particularly, for sparse or high-dimenional data.

Epithelial CST1 Promotes Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma via the AKT Signaling Pathway

Du Lijuan,Xu Changyi,Tang Kun,Shi Jia,Tang Lu,Lisha Xiao,Lei Chengcheng,Liu Huicong,Liang Yuxia,Guo Yubiao 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Epithelial cystatin SN (CST1), a type 2 cysteine protease inhibitor, was significantly upregulated in asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of CST1 in eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis on Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were used to explore the expression of CST1 in asthma. Sputum samples were collected from 76 asthmatics and 22 control subjects. CST1 mRNA and protein expression in the induced sputum were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. The possible function of CST1 was explored in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced eosinophilic asthma. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to predict the possible regulated mechanism of CST1 in bronchial epithelial cells. Overexpression or knockdown of CST1 was further used to verify potential mechanisms in bronchial epithelial cells. Results: CST1 expression was significantly increased in the epithelial cells and induced sputum of asthma. Increased CST1 was significantly associated with eosinophilic indicators and T helper cytokines. CST1 aggravated airway eosinophilic inflammation in the OVA-induced asthma model. In addition, overexpression of CST1 significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 2 (SERPINB2), while knockdown using anti-CST1 siRNA reversed the trend. Furthermore, AKT had a positive effect on SERPINB2 expression. Conclusions: Increased sputum CST1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma through involvement in eosinophilic and type 2 inflammation through activation of the AKT signaling pathway, further promoting SERPINB2 expression. Therefore, targeting CST1 might be of therapeutic value in treating asthma with severe and eosinophilic phenotypes.

이미지 데이터에 대한 비선형 분류 방법의 비교

박규리(Kyuri Park),박창이(Changyi Park) 한국데이터정보과학회 2021 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

이미지 분류는 기계학습에서 가장 활발하게 연구되고 있는 주제 중 하나이다. 이미지 데이터는 일반적으로 2차원 혹은 3차원 행렬 구조를 가지고 있으며, 지지벡터기계 등 전통적인 분류 기법을 적용하기 위해 벡터화를 시행하게 된다. 하지만 벡터화는 이미지 데이터가 제공하는 구조적 정보를 무시할 수 있다. 구조적 정보를 이용하는 합성곱 신경망은 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 도입되었으나, 합성곱 신경망을 포함하는 신경망은 일반적으로 많은 데이터를 요구한다. 반면 지지벡터기계는 적은 수의 표본에서도 상대적으로 안정적인 분류 성능을 보일 뿐만 아니라 지지행렬기계 및 커널 지지행렬기계로 확장됨으로써 이미지 데이터의 구조적 정보도 반영할 수 있게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 표본의 개수가 상대적으로 적은 이미지 데이터에 대하여 비선형 분류 방법인 지지벡터기계, 커널 지지행렬기계, 그리고 합성곱 신경망의 예측 성능을 비교하고 선형 분류 방법이지만 이미지 데이터의 구조적 정보를 반영하는 지지행렬기계도 함께 비교한다. Image classification is one of the most actively studied topics in machine learning. Image data generally has a two-dimensional or three-dimensional matrix structure, and vectorization is performed to apply traditional classification techniques such as support vector machine (SVM). However, vectorization may ignore the structural information provided by image data. Convolutional neural network (CNN) using structural information has been introduced as a remedy to the drawback, but neural networks including CNN generally require a lot of data. On the other hand, SVM shows stable classification performances even with a small number of samples, and extensions of SVM reflecting structural information such as support matrix machine (SMM) and kernel support matrix machine (KSMM) have been recently proposed. In this paper, we compare the predictive performances of SVM, SMM, KSMM, and CNN on image data with relatively small number of samples.