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Valuation of Nutrients: An Empirical Study on Dairy Products in U.S.
( Changkeun Kwock ),( Kevin T. Mcnamara ) 한국농업정책학회 2005 농업경영정책연구 Vol.32 No.4
This study estimated consumer value for protein, fat and calcium derived from dairy products. The study also tested whether nutrient sources influence on the values of nutrients. The results indicated that the non-nutrient product characteristics are important factors in determining price variation. Consumers appear indifferent to the sources of nutrients in the presence of non-nutrient product characteristic and product specific function variables. Even though consumers do not differentiate nutrition sources, they demand products with different prices associated with different levels of marketing services, and yielding specific utility to consumers.
Changkeun Jeon,Kyungtae Yoo 국제물리치료연구학회 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.3
Background : There is lack of studies on the effects of the bag-carrying style on the shoulder muscles and body alignment in adults with rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various bag-carrying styles on muscle tone, muscle stiffness and spinal alignment in 20 adults with RSP as they were walking on a treadmill. Design : Crossover Study Design. Methods: A subject performed treadmill walking for 15 minutes at a speed of 4 ㎞/h while carrying three different types of bags: a backpack, a cross bag, and a shoulder bag. Results : The results showed that the main effect of timing was observed in the muscle tone for all the variables and in muscle stiffness only for the upper and lower trapezius muscles. As for the main effect of timing, the muscle tone of the upper trapezius and the pectoralis major significantly increased in all conditions, while the muscle tone of the lower trapezius significantly decreased in all conditions. The muscle stiffness of the upper trapezius significantly increased in all conditions, while the muscle stiffness of the lower trapezius significantly decreased in all conditions. As for the spinal alignment, the dimple distance data values significantly decreased for the cross-bag style. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that walking with a heavy bag, regardless of the bag-carrying style, increased muscle stiffness around the shoulders in adults with rounded shoulder posture, and walking with a crossbag also induced changes in spinal alignment.
Changkeun Son 한국전산유체공학회 2014 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
The main objective of this study is to analyze flow and heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger in an industrial application using a high-fidelity simulation. LES was performed to analyze turbulent flows around a fin-tube heat exchanger inside an enclosure. Because of the wide range of the local Re in the complex geometry, various scales of 3-D vortices and complex flow patterns were generated. Tests with the grid resolution and inflow condition were performed carefully, in order to compare our results with the data from a MRV experiment as well as the results from RANS. The complex flow patterns like 3-D vortices were visualized using various techniques. A few interesting flow phenomena were observed which are different from the results of a plain fin-tube heat exchanger such as helical flows and a jet stream observed behind the fin-tube region. The complex flow structures and spatial pressure imbalance were found in the fluctuation of the jet stream. To enhance the efficiency of the computational costs, a few performance factors of the heat exchanger were compared with the results of the plain fin-tube things. As the results, numerical technique was derived to reduce the computational costs, using a porous media model.