Imaging of Anal Fistulas: Comparison of Computed Tomographic Fistulography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Changhu Liang,Yongchao Lu,Bin Zhao,Yinglin Du,Cuiyan Wang,Wanli Jiang 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.6

The primary importance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in evaluating anal fistulas lies in its ability to demonstrate hidden areas of sepsis and secondary extensions in patients with fistula in ano. MR imaging is relatively expensive, so there are many healthcare systems worldwide where access to MR imaging remains restricted. Until recently, computed tomography (CT) has played a limited role in imaging fistula in ano, largely owing to its poor resolution of soft tissue. In this article, the different imaging features of the CT and MRI are compared to demonstrate the relative accuracy of CT fistulography for the preoperative assessment of fistula in ano. CT fistulography and MR imaging have their own advantages for preoperative evaluation of perianal fistula, and can be applied to complement one another when necessary.

COL6A3‐derived endotrophin links reciprocal interactions among hepatic cells in the pathology of chronic liver disease

Lee, Changhu,Kim, Min,Lee, Jun Ho,Oh, Jiyoung,Shin, Hyun‐,Hee,Lee, Sang Min,Scherer, Philipp E,Kwon, Hyug Moo,Choi, Jang Hyun,Park, Jiyoung John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2019 The Journal of pathology Vol.247 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Extracellular matrix dysregulation is associated with chronic liver disease. CollagenVI‐alpha3 chain (COL6A3) is a biomarker for hepatic fibrosis and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its function in liver pathology remains unknown. High levels of COL6A3 and its cleaved product, endotrophin (ETP) in tumor‐neighboring regions are strongly associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Here, we report that the high levels of ETP in injured hepatocytes induce JNK‐dependent hepatocyte apoptosis and activate nonparenchymal cells to lead further activation of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Nevertheless ETP <I>per se</I> showed limited phenotypic changes in normal liver tissues. Furthermore, inhibition of ETP activity by utilizing neutralizing antibodies efficiently suppressed the pathological consequences in chronic liver diseases. Our results implicate ETP mechanistically as a crucial mediator in reciprocal interactions among various hepatic cell populations in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, and it could be a promising therapeutic target particularly in individuals with high local levels of COL6A3. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Suricata 기반의 UTM 시스템 구축 및 방어 실험

정구선(GooSeon Jeong),이예지(YeJi Lee),주창후(ChangHu Joo),신재호(HaeHo Shin),이재용(JaeYong Lee),김병철(ByungChul Kim) 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.2

Biochemical Properties of Fish Sauce Prepared Using Low Salt, Solid State Fermentation with Anchovy By-products

Xiaohang Yu,Xiangzhao Mao,Shuai He,Pei Liu,Yanchao Wang,Changhu Xue 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.5

Biochemical characteristics of fast fermentedfish sauce made by adding anchovy juice during the processof low salt, solid state fermentation were investigated using3 different techniques (A: adding anchovy juice in theprocess of making koji, B: adding anchovy juice in theprocess of fermentation, and C: not adding anchovy juice). After fermentation under optimized conditions, the aminonitrogen contents of sauces A and B were 7.50 and 7.73mg/mL after two weeks, respectively. Chemical analysissuggested that the amounts of amino nitrogen and reducingsugar, degree of hydrolysis (DH), DPPH radical-scavengingactivity, total acidity, and total amino acid in sauce B werehigher than those in sauce A. Volatile odorant analysis andsensory evaluation showed that sauce B was superior tosauce A. Adding anchovy juice during the process offermentation is a good way to produce a fish sauce with agood flavor and nutrition value.

DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine suppressed angiogenesis by activating PPARγ and modulating the VEGFR2/Ras/ERK pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Yuanyuan Liu,Yingying Tian,Yao Guo,Ziyi Yan,Changhu Xue,Jingfeng Wang 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.12

Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine(DHA-PC) is a new generation of omega-3 lipids,which contains an ester bond linking DHA at the sn-2position of phospholipid. DHA-PC has become the interestrecently as its better bioavailability and anti-oxidationcapacity. In this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of DHAPCwas evaluated. The capacities of proliferation, migration,tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelialcells were significantly declined after DHA-PC treatment. Furthermore, DHA-PC inhibited the neovascularization ofthe chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Mechanismresults indicated that DHA-PC enhances the expression ofperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor c (PPARc) attranscriptional and translational level, subsequently downregulatesthe VEGFR2 expression and VEGFR2-mediateddownstream Ras/ERK pathway, resulting in significantreduction in proliferation and differentiation. Additionally,PPARc-specific antagonist GW9662 partly reversed theinhibition effects of DHA-PC on tube formation and neovascularization,suggesting that DHA-PC exerts anti-angiogenesiseffect through activating PPARc. Thesefindings indicated that DHA-PC has a great prospect ofanti-tumor angiogenesis therapy.

Oil from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) facilitates bone formation in dexamethasone-treated mice

Lei Mao,Fei Wang,Yuanyuan Li,Yufeng Dai,Yanjun Liu,Jingfeng Wang,Changhu Xue 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.2

Glucocorticoids are the leading cause of secondaryosteoporosis. In the current study, the in vivoeffects of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) oil (AKO) ondexamethasone-treated mice were investigated. Resultsshowed that AKO significantly prevents bone loss, asevidenced by improved bone mineral density, biomechanicalstrength, and cancellous bone microstructure. Fluorescencedouble-labeling of femur showed that AKOinduces new bone formation. Toluidine blue staining ofmarrow cavity indicated that AKO increases the number oftrabecula, and decreases the generation of adipose cells. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor c (PPARc) are the switchesfor osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bonemarrow mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. AKO significantlypromoted the expression of Runx2 protein, andreduced PPARc expression in bone tissue. Furthermore,AKO increased the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-relatedgenes and decreased the expression of adipogenesisrelatedgenes. In conclusion, AKO improved glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis via promoting bone formation.

Cerebrosides from Sea Cucumber Protect Against Oxidative Stress in SAMP8 Mice and PC12 Cells

Hongxia Che,Lei Du,Peixu Cong,Suyuan Tao,Ning Ding,Fengjuan Wu,Changhu Xue,Jie Xu,Yuming Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.4

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Emerging evidence implicates β-amyloid (Aβ) plays a critical role in the progression of AD. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of cerebrosides obtained from sea cucumber against senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice in vivo. We also studied the effect of cerebrosides on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity on the rat pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cerebrosides ameliorated learning and memory deficits and the Aβ accumulation in demented mice, decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-G), and nitric oxide (NO), and enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly. The neuroprotective effect of sea cucumber cerebrosides (SCC) was also verified in vitro: the cerebrosides increased the survival rate of PC12 cells, recovered the cellular morphology, downregulated the protein levels of Caspase-9, cleaved Caspase-3, total Caspase-3, and Bax, and upregulated the protein level of Bcl-2, revealing that cerebrosides could inhibit Aβ-induced cell apoptosis. The results showed the protective effect of SCC was regulated by the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Our results provide a new approach to developing the marine organisms as functional foods for neuroprotection.

Long-chain bases from Cucumaria frondosa inhibit adipogenesis and regulate lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Tian, Yingying,Hu, Shiwei,Xu, Hui,Wang, Jingfeng,Xue, Changhu,Wang, Yuming 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

This study aims to investigate anti-adipogenic effects of long-chain bases from Cucumaria frondosa (Cf-LCBs) in vitro. Results showed that Cf-LCBs inhibited adipocyte differentiation and the expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ${\gamma}(PPAR{\gamma})$. Cf-LCBs increased ${\beta}-catenin$ mRNA and nuclear translocation and increased its target genes, cyclin D1 and c-myc. Cf-LCBs enhanced fizzled and lipoprotein-receptor-related protein5/6 (LRP5/6) expressions, whereas wingless-type MMTV integration site10b (WNT10b) and glycogen syntheses kinase $3{\beta}(GSK3{\beta})$ remained unchanged. Cf-LCBs also reduced adipogenesis and recovered WNT/${\beta}-catenin$ signaling in the cells suffering from 21H7, a ${\beta}-catenin$ inhibitor. In addition, Cf-LCBs decreased triglyceride content and the expressions of lipogenesis genes. Cf-LCBs increased FFA levels and the expressions of lipidolytic factors. Cf-LCBs promoted the phosphorylation of adenosinemonophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. These findings indicate that Cf-LCBs inhibit adipogenesis through activation of WNT/${\beta}-catenin$ signaling and regulate lipid metabolism via activation of AMPK pathway.

Long-chain bases from Cucumaria frondosa inhibit adipogenesis and regulate lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Yingying Tian,Shiwei Hu,Hui Xu,Jingfeng Wang,Changhu Xue,Yuming Wang 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

This study aims to investigate anti-adipogenic effects of long-chain bases from Cucumaria frondosa (Cf-LCBs) in vitro. Results showed that Cf-LCBs inhibited adipocyte differentiation and the expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Cf-LCBs increased β-catenin mRNA and nuclear translocation and increased its target genes, cyclin D1 and c-myc. Cf-LCBs enhanced fizzled and lipoprotein-receptor-related protein5/6 (LRP5/6) expressions, whereas wingless-type MMTV integration site10b (WNT10b) and glycogen syntheses kinase 3β (GSK3β) remained unchanged. Cf-LCBs also reduced adipogenesis and recovered WNT/β-catenin signaling in the cells suffering from 21H7, a β-catenin inhibitor. In addition, Cf-LCBs decreased triglyceride content and the expressions of lipogenesis genes. Cf-LCBs increased FFA levels and the expressions of lipidolytic factors. Cf-LCBs promoted the phosphorylation of adenosinemonophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. These findings indicate that Cf-LCBs inhibit adipogenesis through activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling and regulate lipid metabolism via activation of AMPK pathway.

The Effects of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Isolated from Isostichopus badionotus on Antimetastatic Activity via Downregulation of Hif-1α and Hpa

Min He,Jingfeng Wang,Shiwei Hu,Yuming Wang,Changhu Xue,Hui Li 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.5

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (CHS) wasprepared from the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus(Ib-CHS), and the antimetastatic effect was studied usingcell adhesion, migration, invasion, chorioallntoic membrane(CAM), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assays. Ib-CHS remarkably suppressed proliferationof 95D cells, and inhibited adhesion, migration, and invasionof 95D cells in a dose-dependent manner. CAM assayresults suggested that Ib-CHS attenuates neovascularizationin the chick embryo. RT-PCR analyses revealed that Ib-CHS dramatically decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9), hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α), heparanase (Hpa), and vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF), and increased expression levels of the tissueinhibitors of metalloproteinase-1/2 (TIMP-1/2), importantinhibitors of MMP-2/9. Ib-CHS markedly inhibited tumorgrowth, improved the metastatic foci occurrence rate, anddown-regulated expressions of Hif-1α, Hpa, and VEGF invivo. Ib-CHS exerted antimetastatic activities in vitro andin vivo.