한국 물류산업의 효율성과 생산성: 비모수적 기법과 모수적 기법의 적용

김창범 ( Chang Beom Kim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.3

본고는 우리나라 물류산업에 대해 DEA기법을 적용하여 효율성과 생산성을 분석하고, 패널 SFA기법과 패널 Tobit모형을 적용하여 규모의 수익 패턴과 효율성의 결정요인을 분석하였다. 첫째, CCR기준 초효율성과 SBM기준 초효율성 분석 결과 육상운송업이 가장 비효율적이며, 수상운송업이 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 업종별로는 외항화물운송업이 가장 효율적이며, 도시철도운송업이 가장 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SFA기법을 적용한 결과 생산의 노동탄력성과 자본탄력성이 1에 근접하여 규모의 수익불변 특징을 보여주었다. 둘째, 패널 Tobit분석 결과 1인당 생산성 향상은 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 1인당 자본량과 평균비용 증가는 효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, DEA/Window 기법으로 효율성의 동태적 안정성 여부를 살펴본 결과, 도선업이 가장 불안정적이며 도시철도운송업이 가장 안정적이었다. 넷째, Malmquist 생산성 분석을 통해 생산성 증가와 감소의 가장 큰 요인은 각각 기술진보와 기술퇴보로 분석되었다. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency and productivity of 40 logistics industries in Korea using a variety of method: super CCR, super SBM, DEA window analysis, and the Malmquist productivity index. The super efficiency model is a method for selecting the most efficient of all efficient decision making units (DMUs). The super SBM (slack-based measure of super-efficiency) model was introduced as an alternative method to calculating the super efficiency score without considering the slacks of input variables and output variables. Using these models, the most efficient DMU has a value greater than one. The Malmquist productivity index has many attractive features. For one thing, it decomposes the result into a technical efficiency change index and frontier change index, allowing the productivity change to be attributed to either changes in technical efficiency or changes in technology(i.e., technological progress in the industry), or both. The total factor productivity change is the product of technical efficiency change and technological change. Technical efficiency change can be decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency change. Window analysis is one of methods used to verify productivity change over time and works on the principle of moving averages. DEA window analysis is used to measure efficiency in cross-sectional and time variant data. Thus, it is useful for detecting performance trends for a DMU over time. Each DMU is treated as a different industry in a different period, which allows for increasing the number of data points. In other words, each DMU in a different period is treated as if it were an independent DMU but remains comparable in the same window. The advantage of DEA window analysis is that the performance of an industry in a given period can be compared to itself and to other industries over time. The empirical results are as follows: First, by both the super CCR efficiency and super SBM efficiency methods, inefficiency of land transport and water transport was indicated as 67-74% and 30-44% respectively. These results indicate that land is the most inefficient form of transport, whereas water transport is the most efficient. The annual efficiency values revealed that the degree of inefficiency has increased since 2011. Also, detailed results for sectors show that ocean shipping is the most efficient way to transport cargo, whereas urban rail transport is the most inefficient. Second, tobit panel analysis showed that labor productivity has positive impact on efficiency, whereas average cost has negative impact on efficiency. Third, the DEA window analysis results calculated using LDP values and standard deviations show that ferry transport is the most stable, whereas urban railway transport is the most unstable. Fourth, Malmquist productivity index results show that productivity improved 1.6% on average, with technological progress being the major factor decreasing productivity. These results indicate that it is necessary to expand the logistics market to increase the efficiency of the industry. To do so, many efforts must be made to global leadership in logistics enterprises, invest on global logistics infrastructure, increase research and development, and expand the future use of new technologies.

캘리그래피(Calligraphy) 수업에 있어 재료의 활용이 수업성과에 미치는 영향

이범주 ( Beom Ju Lee ),오해춘 ( Hai Choon Oh ),장광집 ( Kwang Chip Chang ) 한국기초조형학회 2011 기초조형학연구 Vol.12 No.5

현대 사회는 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 이러한 변화와 더불어 디자인도 다양한 분야에서 변화되고 있다. 최근에 볼 수 있는 디자인의 경향중 하나는 감성디자인으로 과거의 디자인접근방법에 비하여 인간의 감성을 디자인에 충실히 담으려는 노력이다. 이러한 변화는 학교교육에서도 마찬가지로 나타나고 있는데 현재 디자인교육의 중요성과 필요성이 높아지고 있는 것이 이를 설명하고 있다. 이에 따라 전문계고등학교에서 디자인과의 신설 및 디자인특성화고등학교가 늘어나고 있다. 그러므로 디자인교육의 양적 성장과 더불어 디자인교육 또한 변화되고 발전되어야 할 것이다. 최근 디자인분야의 대표적인 추세중의 하나인 감성디자인을 디자인교육에 접목하는 것은 큰 의미가 있다 하겠다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현대 디자인에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 캘리그래피(Calligraphy)에 관한 것으로, 동일하게 주어진 재료가 아니라 다양한 재료를 사용하게 하는 것이 학생들의 흥미도 높이고 이에 따른 수업의 집중도도 높아질 것이라는 가설을 세우고, 이를 실험을 통해 검증하는 연구를 실시하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 4차시의 수업지도안을 작성하여 2개의 학급을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 실험집단과 통제집단으로 모형을 설계하였다. 실험집단에는 재료의 다양성을 제공하고, 통제집단에는 일반재료의 사용을 통한 수업을 적용하였다. 실험적용 결과 연구를 통해 얻어지는 결론은 다음과 같다. 다양한 재료의 선택이 집중도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않으며, 다양한 재료를 학습할 때에는 재료의 특성과 성향에 대한 사전교육이 중요하며, 수업을 진행할 때에는 재료의 특성과 성향에 대한 사전교육의 중요성에 대해 알 수 있었다. The modern society is rapidly changing. Along with such changes, design in mane areas is changing. One of the recent trends that can be seen is emotion design, an effort to put human sensibility into design compared to the design approach of the past. Such changes can be also seen in school education in that the importance and necessity of design education is increasing. As a result vocational high schools are establishing new departments for design and special high schools for design are increasing. Here as well as the quantitative growth of design education, the education itself should change and improve. Adding emotion design, one of the representative trends recently in the design field, can be very meaningful. Therefore, this study regarding Calligraphy, verifies the hypothesis, using various materials rather than same materials can increase students` interest and concentration to the class, by experiments. For the research, teaching plans for 4 lessons were written and the subjects of the experiment were 2 classes. The model was designed to have experimental group and control group. The experimental group was provided with various materials and in the control group`s lessons, normal materials were used. The results of the experiment are as follows. Using various materials does not have a significant effect to concentration, the orientation process regarding the characteristics of materials is important when studying with various materials, and to run the class, orientation process about property of materials is important.

A Study on the Correlation of Left Atrial Volume Change according to Left Ventricular Contraction in Atrial Fibrillation

Sung Kwan Kim,Hee Chang Chae,Choong Beom Seo,Eun Hee Seo,Chang Min Dae,Tae Eun Kim 대한CT영상기술학회 2022 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to increase accuracy and success rate of radiofrequency catheter ablation by analysis of left atrial volume change relative to left ventricular volume change and left atrial diameter change relative to left atrial volume change. 20 patients with normal heart rhythm were set as the control group, and 20 patients with diagnosed atrial fibrillation were set as the experimental group. The cardiac cycle was divided into 10 stages ranging from 0% to 90%, and left ventricular volume, left atrial volume, left atrial diameter, pulmonary vein diameter were measured for each group. the correlation between the left ventricular volume and the left atrial volume was analyzed, and the correlation between the left atrial volume and left atrial diameter was analyzed. The diameter of the pulmonary veins was measured. As a result of analyzing the correlation between left ventricular volume and left atrial volume through Spearman correlation, the control group showed a negative correlation.(P<0.001) The experimental group were not correlated.(P=0.075) As a result of analyzing the correlation between the left atrial volume and the left atrial diameter, both groups showed a positive correlation.(P<0.001) As a result of analyzing the diameter of the pulmonary vein by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, both groups showed a significant difference in the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter.(P<0.001) Because the volume and diameter of the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation change irregularly, the radiologist check all cardiac cycle and reconstruct to increase the accuracy and success rate of radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Propylthiouracil 투여에 의한 갑상선 기능저하 흰쥐 조직에서 알코올 탈수소효소 활성의 변화

백상현,김동선,이창범,박용수,안유헌,김태화,기춘석,강주섭 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.2

Background: Thyroid hormone has been known to affect hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Although the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, stomach is also responsible in part for ethanol oxidation. The effects of thyroid hormone on ADH activity in gastric mucosa and other tissues of rats had not been previously examined. Method: The effects of thyroid hormone on liver, stomach, lung, and kidney ADH activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with propylthiouracil (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: Whereas hepatic ADH activities were not changed by treatment with PTU(42.9(8.6 vs 45.2 (10.1), gastric ADH activities in PTU-treated rats increased by 258.8% of control rat (6.3 ( 0.6 vs 2.2 ( 1.2, p〈0.001). In the activities of other tissues, PTU treatment decreased lung ADH activity by 59.7% of control, and increased kidney ADH activities by 247.1% of control rats. Conclusion: These data suggest that hypothyroidism causes an increase of gastric alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity can partly restore the first pass metabolism of ethanol in hypothyroid rats.

소아 IgA 신병증의 장기 추적(평균 10.8년)에 따른 임상 경과 및 병리학적 변화

문창민,김병길,임범진,송지선,정현주,Moon, Chang-Min,Kim, Pyung-Kil,Lim, Beom-Jin,Song, Ji-Sun,Jeong, Hyeon-Joo 대한소아신장학회 2010 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.14 No.2

목 적 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 임상 양상 및 병리학적 분류(Haas 분류)와 임상 경과와의 상관 관계를 조사하여 이들이 예후를 반영할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 병리학적으로 IgA 신병증으로 진단받고 추적 중이던 환자들 중 추적 신생검을 시행한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 자료를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 최초 신생검시 평균 9.5세였고 남자 16명, 여자 4명이었으며, 최종 조직 검사까지 평균 10.8년이 경과하였다. 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제 등으로 치료를 지속한 후 정상뇨 소견, 정상 혈압, 정상 크레아티닌 청소율(CCr)을 보이는 임상적 관해 상태의 환자는 10명(50%)이었으며, 비관해 상태의 환자 10명(50%)도 초기와 비교하여 호전된 경과를 보였고, CCr이 중등도 이상 저하되거나 말기 신질환 양상을 보이는 환자는 없었다. 최초 Haas 분류는 임상경과와 상관 관계가 없었다. 초기 고혈압은 5명(25%)에서 보였고 이는 임상 경과(P =0.010) 및 최종 Haas 분류(P =0.007)와 유의성이 있었다. 초기 CCr의 중등도 저하는 Haas 분류와 유의성이 있었으나(P =0.048), 임상 경과와는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 추적 기간 중 임상 경과는 양호하나 최초 Haas 분류로 임상 경과를 예측할 수는 없었으나 적극적인 조기 진단 및 치료로 말기 신질환으로의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 초기 고혈압은 임상 경과 및 최종 Haas 분류와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 적합한 예후인자로 보인다. 최초 병리학적 소견은 임상 경과를 반영하지 못하나, 추적 Haas 분류가 예후를 반영할 수 있을지에 대해서는 보다 많은 추적 관찰 및 추적 신생검을 통한 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 보인다. Purpose : We know little about the natural course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in association with histologic changes especially in children. We investigated clinicopathologic features with long-term follow-up biopsy to clarify the outcomes and prognostic indicators for childhood IgAN. Methods : From our patients' medical records, we retrieved 20 patients with IgAN, to whom renal biopsies had been performed for the initial diagnosis and follow-up to find out any histologic changes. Initial and follow-up biopsies were classified by Haas classification. The changes of these parameters were compared with the evolution of clinical features. Results : Patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers (in subclass II or above) and short-term cyclosporine A(in patients showing nephrotic syndrome). Histologic improvement in 7 cases and deterioration in 3 cases were observed. At the time of last biopsy, 10 cases (50%) showed clinical remission and the others showed improved clinical features. These clinical outcomes did not correlate with initial Haas classifications. Hypertension at onset observed in 5 cases (25%) revealed significant correlation with clinical outcome (P =0.01) and last Haas classification (P =0.007). None of the cases showed progression to CRF or ESRD. Conclusion : During a mean follow-up of $10.8{\pm}3.4$ years, childhood IgAN showed good clinicopathologic outcome. Hypertension at onset was only a strong predictor of clinicopathologic outcomes, but initial Haas classification cannot predict outcomes in children. Histologic change of IgAN in long term follow-up period cannot be completely predicted by clinical data and vice versa. Therefore, a renal biopsy should be considered as a part of follow-up plan.

양자장론을 통한 입자 스핀의 이해

양희범 ( Hee Beom Yang ),신창섭 ( Chang Sub Shin ) 충남대학교 기초과학연구원 2023 충남과학연구지 Vol.40 No.1

In this study, we aim to gain a more detailed understanding of particle spin using the tools of quantum field theory. Firstly, we delve into the fine structure of the hydrogen atom, investigating the discrepancies between the energy levels predicted by the Schrödinger equation and experimental results. These variations are attributed to various interactions, including relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. Our emphasis lies particularly on the impact of spin-orbit coupling, exploring the influence of the interaction between the electron's spin, manifested as a magnetic dipole moment, and the potential of the atomic nucleus on energy level changes. Secondly, we focus on the classification of particles into fermions or bosons based on whether their spin is a integer or a half-integer. As each classification leads to different exchange behaviors of particles, we investigate their responses accordingly and derive the spin-statistic theorem.

캡스톤 디자인의 디자인 교육 응용 사례연구

신창범(Shin, Chang Beom),권오성(Kweon, O Seong) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2014 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.14 No.1

빠르게 변화해 온 IT 중심의 산업은 디자인 실무에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 디자인 프로세스와 방법론 및 기업내 조직 운영에 있어서도 변화를 가져왔다. 본 연구는 디자인 실무와 디자인 교육의 간극을 줄이고 학생들의 실무 역량을 개발하기 위하여 산업 현장에서의 실무 프로세스를 디자인 교육에 적용하여 운영한 사례 연구로서, 산업밀착형 교육의 새로운 프로그램인 캡스톤 디자인을 디자인 교육에 적용하였다. 디자인 전공 내 여러 세부전공을 갖고 있는 학생들은 융합형 팀 구성을 통해 자신의 전공 배경 및 강점을 갖고 있는 분야의 전문성을 교육 받고, 팀 내에서 그 역할을 수행함으로써 개인들의 역량을 개발함과 동시에 팀워크의 시너지를 높일 수 있었다. 교육은 기업에서의 프로젝트 방식을 따라 과제기획, 기회발견, 목표 설정, 아이디어 발굴, 상세디자인, 시제품제작, 평가 및 조언의 순서로 이루어졌다. 이러한 과정을 통해, 시장트렌드에 맞는 아이디어 및 산업현장에서 요구하는 결과물들(지식재산권, 인터랙티브 시제품, 외부 발표 및 기업 실무자 조언 등)을 산출할 수 있었다. 이렇게 최근의 기업의 니즈에 부합하는 디자인 교육 프로그램을 통해 학생들에게 실무형 경험과 자신감을 함양하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. Rapidly changing IT centered industry has influenced to the working levels of design. According to the changes of industry, design process, method and management of design organization have been changed. This research is a case study that applied the method used in design industry to the design education program to reduce the gap between industry work and education. Capstone design methods, which is new program for industry adhere education, was applied in this research. Students who have different specific majors in design area participated as blended team members. They were trained specialty for the specific roles so that they can develop competency and make synergy in the team. The process of education were project planing, search business chance, selection of goal, search concept, detail design, prototyping and, evaluation and feedback. Through this process, students could develop ideas that correspond to the market trend and outputs that requires in the industry such as intellectual property right, interactive prototype, presentation in the conference, and working level feedback. Students could learn practical level experience and build confidence through this industry oriented design education program.

How We Have Treated Severe to Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea

Park Do Hyeon,Kang Chang Kyung,Choe Pyoeng Gyun,Kim Nam Joong,Park Wan Beom,Oh Myoung-don 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.49

Since 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic currently continues. In response to this unprecedented pandemic, several researchers and medical staff have struggled to find appropriate treatments for COVID-19. Patients with mild symptoms can recuperate with symptomatic care, however establishing treatment for severe to critically ill patients who can have a high mortality has been essential. Accordingly, the guidelines for COVID-19 treatment have evolved through numerous trials and errors and have been relatively well established to date. In the Republic of Korea, several evidence-based guidelines for COVID-19 treatment were released and revised, reflecting various research and regional medical conditions. To date, approximately 3 years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are reflecting on the changes in the guidelines thus far and have summarized the treatment experience of severe to critically ill patients with COVID-19. The Korean guidelines for COVID-19 treatment have been updated continuously as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines have changed. Dexamethasone is currently used as the backbone for the treatment of severe to critically ill patients with COVID-19, and remdesivir, baricitinib, and tocilizumab can be added depending on a patient’s situation. In addition, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is one of the important adjunctive therapies for patients with severe COVID-19. In the clinical field, treatment of severely ill patients with COVID-19 based on guidelines is widely practiced by medical staff and established currently.

응급실에서 시행한 상용심전도의 효용성에 대한 고찰

도호석,이창현,이삼범,도병수 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Study objectives : To determine whether routine performance of an ECG could have been safely avoided in a subset of ED(emergency department) patients admitted to a university hospital. Design : Retrospective consecutive case series. Setting : University teaching hospital. Type of participants : All patients admitted through Yeungnam university hospital during a three month period. Methods and interventions : Acceptable indications for an admission ECG were prospectively developed. Charts of all patients were reviewed to determine whether any of these were present, whether an admission ECG performed, and whether an admission ECG resulted in a change in patients management or outcome. Measurements and main result : There were 984 admissions through ED during the study period. Of these 608 patients had an ECG performed at ED. Of the 608 patients 140(23.0%) had at least one acceptable indication and 468(77.0%) had no for an ECG. Among the 140 who had an indication for an ECG at ED, 56(40.0%) patients ECG were interpreted abnormal (95% confidence interval[CI], 32%∼48%). Among the 468 who had no indications, only 3(0.64%) patients ECG were interpreted abnormal (95% CI, 0%∼1.36%) and the ECG result in a change in management, but no change in outcome (95% CI, 0%∼0.64%). Conclusion : The routine or admission ECG could have been avoided in no acceptable ED indication. We should have to try continuously for making acceptable criteria of ECG in ED of Korea, and then we have to prevent needless ECG and cardiac work up that increasing the cost and evacuation time from ED.

建設工事 入札制度의 實態와 改善方向에 關한 硏究

김의식,김창범 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.3

The bid and contract system of public sector with such a great scale prepared the various bid systems to prevent the waste of budget according to the highest bid price, but it has not achieved the actual effects in the rapidly changing domestic and overseas environment according to the globalization and openness. Therefore, this study examines the major bid and contract systems of domestic construction works and their changes, compares and analyzes the them to foreign conditions and aims at minimizing the operational problems in the current bid and contract system and presenting the improvement methods for the settlement of fair order. This research is not focused on settling the current problems, but seeks the developmental directions for the standardization of bid and contract system. The suggestions of this research are made as follows; First, the specialization of ordering agency is improved through the cultivation of private professionals and the operation of professional education system and the extended right of discretion is given to the ordering agency with the introduction of dispersed ordering system and the legalization of the various ordering methods. Second, the survey price of actual transaction is reflected as the estimated price through the improvement of government cost calculation system to achieve the rationalization of the estimated price calculation. Third, the incentive system, a kind of value engineering of a new technology, should be legalized for the improvement of competitiveness through the encouragement of the will to develop a new technology and construction and technical ability, escaping from the price centered current system. Fourth, the number of selecting the proper companies is reduced to under 10 companies as the PQ system related improvement method, the computerized system of ordering agencies is prepared, the regular qualification screening is conducted, the work efficiency by the screening system of each case is maximized and the simplification of administrative procedures is pursued.