조선중기 창의구성의 이해 : 전 박장군묘 청색무명겹창의의 재현을 통하여 Through the Process of Reconstructing Chang - ui Excavated from General Park's Tomb

장인우 한국의류학회 2001 한국의류학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This study is to understand Chang-ui construction of the middle Chosun Dynasty through the reconstruction of the blue Chang-ui which was excavated from General Park's tomb. The followings are the results of this study. There are 4 styles in excavated Chang-ui of middle Chosun Dynasty: Two styles seem to belong to the early 17th Century and the other, the late 17th century. The former is classified into 2 styles by the gender of the wearer, the latter is also classified into 2 styles by etiquette of clothing. We can assume that Chang-ui excavated from General Park's tomb was the woman's clothing in early 17th century. This Chang-ui(II) differs from other Chang-ui( I) at two points. One is the construction of the trapezoid and triangle gussets on the side seam of clothing. The other is the construction of the narrow width of clothing(23cm). We have found that these two gussets could improve the active aspect of clothing and save materials. It is identified that the green tone was faded from the blue color of Chang-ui according to the calculation of the L'a'b.

1990년대 강우석 영화의 서울 공간 재현

장우진(Chang, Woo Jin) 한국영화학회 2018 영화연구 Vol.0 No.75

이 글은 가장 대중적인 상업영화 감독으로 인정받는 강우석 감독의 1990년대 영화가 서울의 주거공간과 도시공간을 어떻게 재현하고 있는지 논의한다. 분석대상은 서울 올림픽 이후부터 IMF 사태 발생 전까지 제작된 〈행복은 성적순이 아니잖아요〉(1989), 〈나는 날마다 일어선다〉(1990), 〈누가 용의 발톱을 보았는가〉(1991), 〈미스터 맘마〉(1992), 〈투캅스〉(1993), 〈마누라 죽이기〉(1994), 〈투캅스2〉(1996)이며, 이들 작품은 모두 서울을 공간적 배경으로 한다는 공통점이 있다. 이 글이 제기하는 질문은 세 가지이다. 첫째, 1990년대 서울 공간 변화의 특징이 무엇인가? 둘째, 1990년대 강우석의 영화들은 서울의 주거공간과 도시공간을 어떻게 재현하고 있는가? 셋째, 그러한 주거공간과 도시공간의 영화적 재현을 통해 우리가 독해할 수 있는 당대의 가치체계나 욕망, 불안 등은 어떠한 것인가? 1990년대는 경제적 호황과 더불어 중산층이 급부상한 시기였다. 이 시기에 서울은 아파트 단지가 대규모로 개발되었고 교통망이 크게 확충되었다. 이에 따라 도시 분산화가 이루어졌고, 아파트는 서울 중산층의 대표적 주거공간이 되었다. 강우석의 영화는 1991년까지 주로 현실 비판의 영화였으며, 아파트를 부정적 이미지로 재현하였다. 그러나 1992년 이후 아파트는 중산층 인물의 평범하고도 일상적인 주거공간으로 제시되었다. 이는 당시 아파트가 중산층이 소유하기를 원하는 욕망의 대상이 된 현실을 반영한 것이며, 강우석의 영화는 현실과 동경의 어색한 부정교합 형태로 중산층의 욕망을 소비하게 만들었다. 또한, 당시 한국영화가 도시의 화려함에 주목한 반면, 강우석의 영화는 개발이 되지 않았거나 이미 버려진 도시의 주변공간을 주목하는 경향이 있었다. 이것은 발전의 미완을 상기시켜 주었다. 한편, 강우석의 영화는 새로운 도시공간으로서 자동차 실내공간을 제시하였다. 당시 중산층의 사적 욕망과 소비 대상이었던 자동차의 실내공간은 이제 개인의 자유와 프라이버시가 보장된 은밀한 사적 공간으로 재현되었다. This paper discusses how are the residential and urban spaces in Seoul represented in the 1990s movies directed by Kang Woo-suk who was recognized as the most popular commercial film director in Korea. The subjects of the analysis are as follows: 〈행복은 성적순이 아니잖아요〉(1989), 〈나는 날마다 일어선다〉(1990), 〈누가 용의 발톱을 보았는가〉(1991), 〈미스터 맘마〉(1992), 〈투캅스〉(1993), 〈마누라 죽이기〉(1994), 〈투캅스2〉(1996). All of these have a common thing that they have a spatial background in Seoul. There are three questions that this paper poses. First, what are the characteristics of spatial change in Seoul during the 1990s? Second, how did the films of Kang Woo-suk in the 1990s reproduce the residential and urban spaces in Seoul? Third, what are the value systems, desires, and anxieties of those days that we can read through the cinematic representation of residential spaces and urban spaces? The 1990s was a time when the middle class emerged with economic boom. At this time, apartment complexes were developed on a large scale in Seoul and the transportation network was greatly expanded. As a result, urban decentralization has been achieved, and the apartment has become a representative residential space of the middle class in Seoul. Kang Woo-suk ‘s movies were mainly films of criticism of reality until 1991, and they reproduced the apartments as negative images. However, since 1992, apartments have been presented as ordinary and everyday living spaces of middle class people in his movies. This reflects the fact that the apartment was the object of desire to be owned by the middle class at that time, and Kang Woo-suk’s movie made spectators consume the desire of the middle-class in the form of awkward malocclusion of reality and longing. In addition, while Korean films generally paid attention to the splendor of the city, Kang Woo-suk’s films tended to pay attention to the surrounding space of the city that had not been developed or had been abandoned. This reminded us of the incompleteness of development. On the other hand, Kang Woo-suk’s movies presented the interior space of a car as a new urban space. The interior space of a car, the target of private desires and consumptions of middle class, became represented as a private urban space with individual freedom and privacy guaranteed.

Brain Topological Correlates of Motor Performance Changes After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Park, Chang-hyun,Chang, Won Hyuk,Yoo, Woo-Kyoung,Shin, Yong-Il,Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Yun-Hee Mary Ann Liebert 2014 Brain connectivity Vol.4 No.4

<P>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) influences the brain temporally beyond the stimulation period and spatially beyond the stimulation site. Application of rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to lead to plastic changes in interregional connectivity over the motor system as well as alterations in motor performance. With a sequential combination of rTMS over the M1 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought changes in the topology of brain networks and specifically the association of brain topological changes with motor performance changes. In a sham-controlled parallel group experimental design, real or sham rTMS was administered to each of the 15 healthy subjects without prior motor-related dysfunctions, over the right M1 at a high frequency of 10 Hz. Before and after the intervention, fMRI data were acquired during a sequential finger motor task using the left, nondominant hand. Changes in the topology of brain networks were assessed in terms of global and local efficiency, which measures the efficiency in transporting information at global and local scales, respectively, provided by graph-theoretical analysis. Greater motor performance changes toward improvements after real rTMS were shown in individuals who exhibited more increases in global efficiency and more decreases in local efficiency. The enhancement of motor performance after rTMS is supposed to be associated with brain topological changes, such that global information exchange is facilitated, while local information exchange is restricted.</P>

6세기 우륵의 망명과정

유우창(Yoo, Woo-Chang) 부산경남사학회 2018 역사와 경계 Vol.108 No.-

6세기 전반에 우륵이 뜻밖에도 신라로 망명하는 사태가 벌어졌다. 가라에서 왕의 최측근 음악인으로서 왕의 전폭적인 지원을 받고, 때로는 정치적 견해도 피력하며, 상당히 여유로운 삶을 살았을 우륵. 우륵은 왜 고독한 망명객의 신세를 선택했을까? 가라의 악사였던 우륵은 왕산악, 박연 등과 함께 우리나라 3대 樂聖으로 추앙받아 오고 있다. ‘악사’라는 지위에 걸맞게 우륵은 다양한 음악 활동을 한 것으로 보이지만, 이제까지 학계에서는 그를 가리켜 ‘정치인’이라 부르기도 한다. 왜냐하면 그가 결행한 신라로의 망명은 정치적 행동에 상당하며, 그 망명 동기 또한 매우 정치적이었기 때문이다. 본고에서는 ‘음악인 우륵’보다 ‘정치인 우륵’의 망명 동기와 망명 과정을 추적하였다. 6세기 벽두부터 맹렬하고도 끈질기게 영역을 잠식해오는 백제를 견제하기 위하여, 가라는 522년에 신라와 혼인동맹을 성립시켰다. ‘가라-신라 혼인동맹’이 맺어지는 과정에서 우륵은 ‘악사’라는 지위로 인하여 일정한 역할을 하였을 것으로 믿어진다. 신라에서 오는 사절을 접대하고 혹은 우륵 본인이 직접 신라에 혼인(준비)사로 갔을 경우도 충분히 상정된다. 우륵은 ‘친신라파’정치인이었던 것이다. 그러나 이른바 ‘변복’ 사건이 양국의 우호관계를 어긋나게 만들었다. 그 결과, 신라는 가라의 ‘도가 등 3성’과 ‘북경의 5성’을 함락시켰고, 가라는 종래의 ‘친신라 정책’을 철회하고 ‘친백제 정책’을 모색하게 되었다. ‘친신라파’로 낙인찍혀, 목숨까지 위태로웠던 우륵. 가라가 백제와 ‘상맹’을 맺고자 하는 모습을 보고, 그는 마침내 신라로 망명하고 말았다. 아마도 그 시기는 544년 3월∼548년 4월의 사이의 어느 때였을 것이며, 그 과정에는 거칠부의 도움이 있었을지도 모른다. In the first half of the 6th century, Woo-Reuk(于勒) was unexpectedly exiled to Shilla. As the king’s closest musician, Woo-Reuk may have been fully supported from the king, expressed his political views, and lived a fairly relaxed life. Why did Woo-Reuk choose a lone exile? Woo-Reuk, who was a musician of Gara(加羅), has been as one of Korea’s three Sacred Musicians along with Wang, San-Ak(王山岳) and Park, Yeon(朴堧). Obviously Woo-Reuk had performed various musical activities according to his status as a royal ‘musician’. Sometimes, however, the academic world highlights his ‘political’ figure. In this paper, I tried to examine the cause and process of Woo-Reuk’s exile to Shilla to illuminate the aspect of the ‘political’ Wook-Reuk rather than the ‘musician’. From the starting of the 6th century, Baekje had been fiercely and persistently invading Gara’s borders. In order to check Baekje’s invasion, Gara established a marriage alliance with Shilla in 522. It is believed that as a royal ‘musician’, Woo-Reuk played such a role in the process of ‘Gara-Shilla Marriage Alliance’ as hosting the envoys from Shilla or attending the marriage ceremony. On this occasion, he showed his political aspect of ‘Pro-Shilla.’ However, the so-called “Changing Clothes Clothed” incident had damaged the relationship in the alliance. This led Shilla to conquer three castles and five castles subject to Gara. In turn, Gara repealed its conventional ‘Pro-Shilla Policy’ and pursued the switch into ‘Pro-Baekje Policy’. Stigmatized as a ‘Pro-Shilla Politician’, Woo-Reuk was tried in the political crisis. When he saw Gara form an alliance with Baekje, he eventually fled to Shilla. Perhaps it happened between March 544 and April 548, and his exile seems to have been helped by Geochilbu(居柒夫).

아세틸 콜린 유발 검사시 허혈성 심전도 변화와 흉통의 발생이 내피세포 기능장애에 미치는 영향

최철웅(Cheol Ung Choi),나승운(Seung-Woon Rha),김선원(Sun Won Kim),나진오(Jin Oh Na),임홍의(Hong Euy Lim),김진원(Jin Won Kim),김응주(Eung Ju Kim),한성우(Seong Woo Han),박창규(Chang Gyu Park),서홍석(Hong Seog Seo),오동주(Dong Joo Oh) 대한임상노인의학회 2010 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

연구배경: 아세틸 콜린 유발 검사시 발생하는 흉통과 허혈성 심전도 변화가 아세틸 콜린에 의해 발생하는 관상동맥의 내피세포 기능에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 했다. 방법: 흉통으로 내원하여 관상동맥 조영술과 아세틸 콜린 유발검사를 시행받은 1,085명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 아세틸 콜린 유발 검사를 하는 동안 허혈성 심전도 변화 및 흉통의 발생 유무에 따른 관상동맥 내피세포 기능의 특징을 비교하였다. 결과: 539명의 환자에서 아세틸 콜린 검사시 내피세포 기능 장애가 발생 하였다. 허혈성 심전도 변화가 있었던 그룹이 심전도 변화가 없었던 그룹보다 흉통이 더 많았고(78.1% vs. 60.8%, P=0.007), 관상동맥 조영술상 다발성 관상동맥 경련이 빈번하였고(59.4% vs. 40.6%, P=0.004), 관상동맥의 경련 정도도 더 심하였다(64.1% vs. 46.5%, P=0.006). 흉통이 있었던 그룹이 흉통이 없었던 그룹보다 허혈성 심전도 변화의 빈도가 더 높았다(14.7% vs. 7.5%, P=0.007). 또한 흉통이 있었던 그룹이 관상동맥 경련이 다발성으로 발생하는 경우가 많았고 (50.7% vs. 29.5%, P<0.001), 미만성으로 발생하는 경우가 많았고(87.1% vs. 75%, P<0.001), 관상동맥의 경련의 정도도 더 심하였다(51.6% vs. 43.5%, P=0.041). 결론: 아세틸 콜린 유발검사시 발생하는 허혈성 심전도 변화와 흉통은 관상동맥 경련의 정도와 경련이 발생하는 관상동맥 개수와 연관이 있다. Background: ECG changes and chest pain during acetylcholine (Ach) provocation tests may constitute important clinical parameters for Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the association between ischemic ECG changes and chest pain during the Ach-provocation test and angiographic characteristics of Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods: A total of 1,085 patients with anginal symptoms underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and Ach-provocation tests. We compared angiographic characteristics of Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction according to the presence of ECG change and chest pain. Results: A total of 539 patients experienced Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. Patients who experienced ECG change group suffered more frequent chest pain (78.1% vs. 60.8%, P=0.007), angiographically more frequent multiple coronary artery spasm (59.4% vs. 40.6%, P=0.004), and more severe coronary artery spasm (64.1% vs. 46.5%, P=0.006) than patients without ECG change. However, there was no difference in the length of endothelial dysfunction between the groups. The incidence of ischemic ECG changes in patients with chest pain was higher than in patients without chest pain (14.7% vs. 7.5%, P=0.007). Patients who experienced chest pain more often experienced multiple (50.7% vs. 29.5%, P<0.001), diffuse (87.1% vs. 75%, P<0.001), and severe coronary artery spasm (51.6% vs. 43.5%, P=0.041) than patients without chest pain. Conclusion: Ischemic ECG changes and chest pain during the Ach-provocation test are associated with multi-vessel involvement and severe coronary artery spasm. Chest pain is associated with the length of endothelial dysfunction, but ischemic ECG change is not.

Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

현대(現代) 한국사회(韓國社會)에 적합한 한의학(韓醫學) "치미병(治未病)"방법(方法)에 대한 모색(摸索)

류정아 ( Jeong Ah Lyu ),장우창 ( Woo Chang Jang ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ),정창현 ( Chang Hyun Jeong ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.4

In present-day Korea, a climatic change is causing various changes to the life of people and their body. The climate is more and more warm, so the internal environment of people`s body is exchanging to warm. The climatic change`s range is big and the speed is fast. So the harmony of human body is being destroyed and the human body`s adaptation ability is becoming low. At this condition, diseases more frequently occur. So doctor must expect the occur of diseases and practice early treatment. And in present-day Korea, a life environmental change is being advanced. The life environmental change is causing big changes to the people`s body and having influences to the occur of diseases. To this problem, doctor must expect and practice early treatment. This thesis would like to interpret about present-day Korea`s climatic changes and life environmental changes in Korean Medicine point of view, and try to present the method of Korean Medicine early treatment. And comment on present-day Korea`s early treatment method especially on health supplement or functional food and vaccination.

논문 : 배당의 미래이익 예측력과 외국인투자자

강태구 ( Tae Goo Kang ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),남혜정 ( Hye Jeong Nam ) 명지대학교 금융지식연구소 2013 금융지식연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 배당의 미래이익 예측력이 외국인 투자자들의 지분율에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 검증하였다. 일반적으로 배당지급은 기업의 미래이익을 예측하는 데 유용한 정보로 여겨지고 있으나, 이에 대한 실증연구결과들은 혼재되어 있다. 또한 배당의사결정과 관련된 연구들은 투자자들의 배당선호현상에 따라 기업의 배당의사결정이 영향을 받고 있음을 제시하고 있으며, 특히 우리나라의 경우, 배당의사결정에 외국인투자자가 미치는 영향이 매우 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 특정투자자집단의 배당요구가 높은 경우, 기업의 배당의사결정이 미래이익에 대한 사적정보의 전달수단이기 보다는 단기적으로 배당에 대한 투자자들의 요구를 반영한 결과로 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다. 나아가 이러한 배당의사결정은 배당의 미래이익 예측력을 낮게 만들 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구는 배당의 미래이익 예측력을 재검증하고, 나아가 외국인지분율에 따라 배당의 미래이익예측력이 달라지는지 검증하였다. 먼저, 배당의 미래이익 예측연구들은 자기자본이익률(ROE)의 평균회귀(mean reverting)현상과 배당증가 또는 배당감소가 이익변화에 미치는 비대칭적 영향을 고려하고 있으나, 이익변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 변수들을 통제하지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 선행연구에서 제시되고 있는 기업규모(SIZE), 성장성(SGR), 부채비율(LEV), 그리고 연도더미를 추가하여, 이를 통제하고 난 후에도 배당의 미래이익예측력이 여전히 존재하는지 검증하였다. 둘째, 배당의 미래이익 예측력이 기업의 배당의사결정에 영향을 미치는 특정집단에 의하여 달라지는지 검증하였다. 2000년부터 2007년까지 배당지급을 한 6,720 기업-년 표본을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 기본 모형뿐만 아니라 여러 통제변수를 포함한 모형에서도 우리나라 기업들의 배당변화는 미래 1년 뒤의 이익변화와 유의한 양의 관계를 나타냈으나, 미래 2년 뒤의 이익변화와는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 이익변화에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 추가한 모형의 설명력(R2=0.46)이 기본모형의 설명력(R2=0.28)보다 급격히 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 관계는 외국인지분율을 통제할 경우, 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 이는 기업의 배당의사결정이 미래전망에 근거하여 이루어지기보다는 특정투자자집단의 배당요구를 반영하는 수단으로 사용되고 있음을 보여준다. 즉 우리나라의 경우, 배당의사결정이 외국인투자자들의 배당요구를 반영하여 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 대부분의 선행연구들이 외국인투자자와 배당성향간의 동시적인 관계에 대한 결과들을 제시한 반면에, 외국인투자자가 우리나라 기업들의 배당의사결정에 미치는 영향과 함께 배당의 미래이익예측력의 관점에서 살펴보았다는 점에 의의가 있다. This paper investigates whether the dividend payout predicts future earnings and the predictability varies depending on the proportion of investors. Specifically, this paper examines the effect of foreign investors on the relationship between dividend change and the predictability of future earnings in Korean firms. Reasoning from the hypothesis that dividend changes convey new information about a firm`s future profitability, a dividend increase is seen as a positive signal about the firm`s future earnings and profitability. However, the results from prior studies are controversial. Some papers have suggested that dividend changes would mean different things depending on a firm`s dividend policy and the motives behind its managers` decision to pay dividends. In addition, a firm`s governance is considered as one of important factors that affects dividend policy. In the Korean security market, foreign investors owned about 38% of the stock in 2007. As the percentage of foreign ownership had grown, many researchers have analyzed the effect of this ownership on dividend policy. However, prior studies found mixed results and have focused on the association between foreign investors and the level of the dividend or dividend change. They also suggest that predictability of dividend on future earnings is influenced by applied assumption on earnings and other factors like governance as well. We revisit the dividend signaling issue in the light of the catering theory of dividends suggested by Baker and Wurgler (2004). Lintner (1956) argued that managers unwilling to change payout ratio without any important change on the firm`s future performance. Won and Kim (1992) report that managers are more likely to be concerned about the internal factors such as net income, divisible surplus, predicted future performance, and the shareholders` preference for dividend policy. More importantly, several studies suggest that the foreign investors have a significant effect on the Korean market. Park (2004) reports that foreign investors` participation in firms generally pushes up the dividend payments while pulling down investments made in facilities no matter which industry a company is in. Sul and Kim (2006) show that those companies whose majority shareholders are foreign investors tend to pay higher dividends than others whose majority shareholders are domestic investors. In contrast to negative effect of foreign investor, there are empirical studies claiming positive impact of foreign investor in Korean market. Ahn, Shin, and Chang (2005) suggest that foreign investors prefer firms with lower information asymmetry. The study also shows that foreign investors can effectively monitor the management of firm in lessening information asymmetry. Similarly, Park and Lee (2006) suggest that foreign investors` participation in investment of domestic firms can help them make more efficient management decision by improving their corporate governance. Thus, Park and Lee claim that it is problematic to generalize the negative role of foreign investors in the Korean market. Based on this argument, we predict that if foreign investors play an effective monitoring role in a dividend policy, dividend change for firms with higher level of foreign investors is a good indicator in predicting future earnings than for firms with lower level of foreign investors. However, if foreign investors play a negative role in dividend decision process, predictability of dividend decreases. We test this prediction by using the modified model with several control variables that can affect earnings changes. Using 6,720 observations from 1993 to 2007, we find that the dividend change predicts future earnings for next one year relative to the dividend change year. Specifically, the coefficient on RDIV is 0.045 (t=6.85) and this indicates the dividend increases is a good indicator in predicting future earnings. When it comes to model specification, adjusted R2 of modified model is greater than that of the basic model, which means that the modified model is well specified in explaining earnings changes. The result of the effect of foreign investors on predictability of dividend is not significant. This finding implies that managers, on average, decide to pay dividend as a response to demand from foreign investors.

Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.