신장기능영상용 방사성의약품 Bz - MAG3 ( Benzoylmercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine ) 의 키트화 및 체내분포

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),김영주(Young Ju Kim),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),장영수(Young Soo Chang),조정혁(Jung Hyuk Cho) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

N/A The MAG3 is a tubular excreting radiopharmaceutical for renal image. We synthe-sized benzoyl MAG3 (Bz-MAG3) and made a kit for labeling with Tc-99m. We checked the labeling effeciency of Tc-99m labeled MAG3 and biodistribution. Labeling efficiency was checked by TLC- SG (acetonitrile/H2O=2/1). After injecting of 1 mCi of Tc-99M-MAG3 to ICR-mice, Tmax(min), T1/2(min) were obtained in the renogram. Sequencial images (30sec, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min) of TC-99m-MAG3 were compared with those of commercial Tc-99m-DTPA (Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co.) kit. 1) The Rf value of synthesized Tc-99m-MAG3 was 0.78 and labeling efficiency was 97.5±1.9% (n=10). 2) The dynamic images of the Tc-99m-MAG3 were better than those of the Tc-99m-DTPA. 3) The Tmax(min.) and T1/2(min.) of Tc-99m-MAG3 (n=10) were 1.5±0.5 (left), 1.4±0.4(right), and 4.3±1.4 (left), 4.8±2.0 (right), respectivel. The Tmax(min.) and T1/2(min.) of Tc-99m-DTPA (n=7) were 2.7±1.6 (left), 2.7±1.6 right), and 3.8±1.7 (left), 4.5±2.7 (right), respectively. The quaility of image and labeling efficiency of the synthesized Bz-MAG3 kit were excellent, that it was supposed to be used in routine clinical work.

스포츠센터 강사들의 조직공정성 인식과 조직변화저항, 혁신행동의 영향관계

서효민 ( Hyo Min Seo ),김태희 ( Tae Hee Kim ),장경로 ( Kyung Ro Chang ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2015 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 스포츠센터 강사들이 지각하는 조직공정성과 조직변화저항, 그리고 혁신행동의 영향관계를 규명하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 서울·경기 지역의 스포츠센터에 종사하는 스포츠강사 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 234부의 자료가 실제분석에 사용되었다. 자료처리를 위해 SPSS 18.0 프로그램과 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 절차공정성은 조직변화저항에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면에 분배공정성은 조직변화저항에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분배공정성과 절차공정성 모두 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직변화저항은 혁신행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 조직변화저항은 절차공정성과 혁신행동의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 스포츠센터 강사들의 혁신행동을 증대시키기 위해서는 조직공정성의 확보와 조직변화에 대한 저항 관리가 매우 중요하다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 이는 스포츠센터 내 혁신역량 강화를 위한 중요한 이론적 근거가 될 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived organizational Justice, resistance to organizational change, and Innovative behavior of sports center instructors. Specially, We examined the mediating effects of resistance to organizational change between organizational justice and innovative behavior. Total 300 questionnaires were distributed and 234 samples were used for practical analysis. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study were as followers: first, procedural justice had a negative effect on resistance to organizational change, but distributive justice had no significant effect on resistance to organizational change. Seconds, distributive justice and procedural justice had a positive effect on innovative behavior. Third, resistance to organizational change had a negative effect on innovative behavior. Fourth, the relationship between procedural justice and innovative behavior was partially mediated by resistance to organizational change. In conclusion, we confirmed that enhancing the organizational justice and managing the resistance to organizational change are important for sports instructor`s innovative behavior and it can provide the theoretical basis for strengthening innovation capability of sport organization.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

모과내 기능성 유용성분 용매추출공정의 최적화

전주영 ( Ju Yeong Jeon ),조인희 ( In Hee Jo ),경현규 ( Hyun Kyu Kyung ),김현아 ( Hyun A Kim ),이창민 ( Chang Min Lee ),최용희 ( Yong Hee Choi ) 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 모과내의 여러 가지 기능성 유용성분을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해서, 모과나무의 익은 열매로 만든 약재인 모과를 사용 하였다. 모과의 기능성 유용성분용매 추출 공정의 최적 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 모과를 에탄올에 추출하여 반응표면 분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적 용매 조건을 설정하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 시료에 대한 용매비(X1)와 추출온도(X2), 추출시간(X3)을 요인변수로 하고 추출수율(Y1), 총페놀 함량(Y2), 전자공여능(Y3), 갈색도(Y4), 환원당(Y5)을 종속변수로 하여 시행하였다. 실험 결과 추출수율은 추출 온도와 추출 시간에 유의하게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비는 26.38mL/g, 추출온도는 72.82oC, 추출시간은 74.86 min에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량은 용매비와 시간에 영향을 거의 받지 않았고 추출시간에는 영향을 받았으며, 최대값은 20.70mg/mL 로 나타났다. 이때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비는 22.61mL/g, 추출온도는 84.49oC, 추출시간은 77.25 min으로 나타났다. 전자공여능은 추출온도에 따라 유의하게 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 안장점에서의 추출조건인 시료에 대한 용매비 10.65mL/g, 추출온도 67.78oC, 추출시간 96.75 min에서 추출수율은 94.12%로 예측되었다. 갈색도에 대한 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 23.77mL/g, 추출온도 87.27oC, 추출시간 96.68 min 일 때 안장점이 나타났다. 환원당은 시료에 대한 용매비 26.83mL/g, 추출온도 82.167oC, 추출시간 81.94 min에서 10.55mg/mL로 최대값을 나타내었고 추출시간에 영향을 받았다. In this study, various active functional components in Chinese Quince were extracted by solvent extraction method. A central composit design for optimization was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables such as solvent to sample ratio (X1), extraction temperature (X2), and extraction time (X3) on the soluble solid contents (Y1), total phenols (Y2), electron donating ability (Y3), browning color (Y4) and reducing sugar contents (Y5). It was found that extraction temperature and extraction time were the main effective factors in this extraction process. The maximum soluble solid contents of 35.77% was obtained at 26.38mL/g (X1), 72.82oC (X2) and 74.86 min (X3) in saddle point. Total phenols were rarely affected by solvent ratio and extraction time, but it was affected by extraction temperature. The maximum total phenols of 20.70% was obtained at 22.61mL/g (X1), 84.49oC (X2), 77.25 min (X3) in saddle point. The electron donating ability was affected by extraction time. The maximum electron donating ability of 94.12% was obtained at 10.65mL/g (X1), 67.78oC (X2), 96.75 min (X3) in saddle point. The maximum browning color of 0.32% was obtained at 23.77mL/g (X1), 87.27oC (X2), 96.68 min (X3) in saddle point. The maximum value of reducing sugar content of 10.55% was obtained at 26.83mL/g (X1), 82.167oC (X2), 81.94 min (X3). Reducing sugar content was affected by extraction time.

Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise

Min Sun Kim,Jun Seo Goo,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun Il Choi,Hye Ryun Lee,In Sik Hwang,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Chang Joon Bae,Jung Sik Cho,Jun Yong Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1

Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.

용성산인(龍城山人) 이창원(李昌遠)의 사상학설(四象學說)과 체질침(體質鍼)에 대한 고찰(考察)

안창범,윤현민,허재영,권혜연,Ahn, Chang-beohm,Youn, Byuon-Min,Hea, Jae-young,Kwon, Hae-Yon 대한침구의학회 2002 대한침구의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Objective : This study was carried out to review Chang-Won Lee's theory of Sasangand acupuncture of constitution. Methods : We have investigated Chang-Won Lee's unknown literature "Medicine of sassang "(四象醫學). Results : Constitutional acupuncture is based on the diversity of human being and medically developed the response variation to disease and acupuncture. The diversity is due to the Organ's Congenital Formation Variation based on human nature and it is categorized as four from physiology, pathology, symptoms, to therapy. Chang-Won Lee's constitutional acupuncture discriminated constitution of comparison palpations of right and left both sides. He insisted that constitution only four type(Sasang), not exist man of To-Hyoung (土形人) in "young -chu"(靈樞) and his constitutional acupuncture all used Jung-kyuck (reinforcement acupuncture method) and Seong-kyuck(reducing acupuncture method) of Sa-am(舍岩)

경제위기와 한국의 무역경쟁력:1997년 외환위기와 2008년 금융위기의 비교

장민수 ( Min-soo Chang ),이순배 ( Sun Bae Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2009 질서경제저널 Vol.12 No.2

본 논문은 두 번의 경제위기를 겪으면서 우리나라 무역에 있어서 어떤 변화가 발생하였는지에 대해 SITC 5부류에서 8부류까지의 159개 제조업 공산품을 대상으로 수출입 금액과 무역수지를 중심으로 상호 비교하였다. 또한 분석대상 상품을 특성에 따라 16개 산업으로 재분류한 후 무역특화지수를 측정하여 두 번의 경제위기에서 어떤 변화를 보이고 있는지를 산업별 및 기술수준별로 상호 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과90년대중반이후 한국 공산품의 무역특화지수의 변화 양상은 원달러 환율의 변화 양상과 매우 흡사한 모습을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 일반적으로 원달러 환율이 상승할 경우 단기적으로는 우리 상품의 국제경쟁력(즉 가격경쟁력)이 상승하면서 상품수지 흑자가 발생하고 이는 무역특화지수의 상승으로 귀결된다. 본고에서 비교분석한 결과를 보면 1997년의 외환위기 때가 2008년도의 글로벌 금융위기 때보다 더 큰 폭의 무역특화지수 상승를 보이고 있어 전반적으로 무역경쟁력이 더 큰 폭으로 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 그 원인은 첫째 환율상승 효과에 의한 것이며, 둘째 2008년의 금융위기 때는 세계 각국 경제가 불황국면으로 접어들었기 때문에 한국의 수출이 어려움을 겪을 것이기 때문이다. 두 번의 경제위기를 겪는 과정에서 우리나라 무역경쟁력은 일시적으로 상승하였지만 16개 산업을 상호 비교하기에는 각 산업별 무역특화지수의 월별 변동 폭이 커서 단순 비교는 쉽지 않았다. 또한 분석 대상 공산품을 기술수준별로 구분하였을 경우에도 1997년의 경우가 수출경쟁력에 전반적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타나고 있다. 반면 2008년의 경우는 중저위기술산업을제외하고는 별 영향이 없는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 아직 경제위기가 진행 중인데다 2009년도 무역자료를 단순 추정치로 사용하였다는 한계점이 노출되고 있다. 또한 대만과 같이 우리와 비슷한 경제수준을 가진 국가와의 국제비교 연구 등이 보충된다면 본 연구결과의 질적 수준도 높아질 것으로 본다. 7)ㅃ This paper looked into how Korean trade has been changing in the process of suffering two economic crises. The number of items to be analyzed was 159, ranging from SITC 5 to 8. They were measured in terms of the sum of imports and exports and balance of trade and then were compared to see how they differed in the process of two economic crises. Also, the 159 items to be analyzed were sorted again into 16 industries according to the properties of goods. Trade Specification Index(TSI) was measured for each industry, showing how they have changed in two economic crises. According to the result of the analysis, the way TSI of industrial products has changed since the mid-1990s was very similar to how won-dollar exchange rate has changed. In general, price competitiveness rises when the won-dollar exchange rate goes up. It then brings about trade surplus, which leads to the rise in TSI. The result of the comparison and analysis in this paper showed that the TSI rose more sharply in 1997 foreign exchange crisis than in 2008 global financial crisis. It is attributed to the effect of the rise in the foreign exchange rate. Another reason is that, amid the global financial crisis in 2008 when the world-wide depression was going on, Korean export suffered comparatively more than in 1997. The overall Korean trade competitiveness rose, though temporarily, while undergoing two economic crises. However, the monthly TSI which each industry shows in the two economic crises is inconsistent and shows such a wide range of fluctuation, which makes it hard to make a simple comparison. As such, only some unusual industries were mentioned in this paper. The classification of relevant industrial products according to the level of technology also showed that the 1997 crisis had a positive impact on the export competitiveness by and large, whereas there was not much influence in the case of the year 2008 except low-and-middle technology industry.

기후변화에 대응한 목재수급 정책과제

민경택(Min, Kyung-Taek),장철수(Chang, Cheol-Su),허경태(Hur, Gyong-Tae),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Wood products have many attributes that make them a smart choice when it comes to climate change. First, much of the carbon absorbed by growing trees is stored in products. Using more wood also means less fossil fuel consumption. Wood is endlessly renewable, and life cycle assessment studies show that it requires substantially less energy to manufacture than other materials such as steel and concrete. Wood buildings can be easily deconstructed and reused, which means they can continue to store carbon indefinitely. And using wood from sustainably managed forests helps to ensure that forests and their carbon storage potential continue to grow, which contribute to local community economy. This report focuses on international forest policies related to climate change and their implications to Korean forestry and the forest products sector, and some policy suggestions are made. Climate change and climate change mitigation are currently hot topics at the international level. Forest is carbon sink but also regarded as carbon emitter when it is deforested and degraded. REDD(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and HWP(Harvested Wood Products) are important issues at the post-Kyoto Protocol. Illegal logging is also a major issue in the wood products trade. Major developed countries adopt wood promotion policies to tackle climate change and construct a low-carbon green economy. They promote the merits and provide some technical information when using wood. In Korea, wood consumption is about 27 million cubic meters per year, and self-sufficiency of wood is 13.5%. Domestic wood is used to produce pulp and particle boards in large part. Poor forest resource structure, high cost in wood harvest, negative perceptions to harvest, and low infrastructures are challenging issues in domestic wood supply. The Korean government also adopts Low Carbon Green Growth as a policy base. The demand for wood biomass energy is increasing. These are opportunities to the wood industry. But high production cost in wood harvest and the thin wood consumption culture are weaknesses. We should establish a wood promotion strategy to overcome weaknesses and exploit opportunities. We made some policy suggestions to promote wood use as follows: 1) campaign to increase the utilization and consumption of wood in the public side 2) develop and disseminate durable wood goods, such as engineered wood 3) adopt carbon labelling to show the carbon sequestration function of wood products 4) increase wood supply through utilization of forest residues, short-rotation coppice in idle farmland, and international cooperaton 5) establish technical standards to certify the safety of wood products 6) legislate wood utilization to tackle climate change.

최근 인플레이션 동학의 구조적 변화 가능성과 시사점

장민 ( Chang Min ) 한국금융연구원 2023 KIF 연구보고서 Vol.2023 No.11

With the recent persistence of inflation, there is a possibility that the relationship between prices and other macroeconomic variables, which had been established under the backdrop of the past low inflation environment, may undergo changes. If changes occur in the structure of inflation, economic policies or behaviors based on past experiences or economic logic may lose their effectiveness. This study explores the possibility of such changes by comparing the characteristics of inflation during periods of the recent high inflation with those of the past. The analysis indicates that during periods of the recent high inflation, the transitory effects and persistence of inflation have increased compared to the past, suggesting the possibility that inflation may not decline rapidly but persist longer than previously expected. The analysis results of the potential structural changes in the inflation dynamics indicate shifts in the relationship between the recent inflation, growth, unemployment, and other macroeconomic variables, raising concerns about the diminished effects of economic policies or behaviors based on past experiences or principles. Therefore, it would be crucial to move beyond past experiences and principles and adopt a new policy paradigm when making economic policies in the future. Also, economic agents should consider the possibility of sustained high inflation and interest rates, departing from the patterns observed in the past.