Effects of alkali-borosilicate glass additions on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti₄O12

Chang-Lun Liao,Kuan-Hong Lin,Shun-Tian Lin 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.6

The microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti4O12/ alkali-borosilicate glass composites were investigated in this study, with the volume percentage of the glass phase in the composite being either 50, 55, or 60 vol.%. Sintered density measurements indicated that the density increased with an increase in the sintering temperature for the composites with 50 and 55 vol.% glass additions, but, at a sintering temperature higher than 800 oC, the density decreased for the composite with a 60 vol.% glass addition. XRD patterns revealed that the peak of the highest intensity in the B(NBL)T crystal belongs to the (401) crystal plane, while that in the B(NBL)T/glass composites to the (320) crystal plane. Along with the change in crystalline preferred orientation, the lattice constants of the crystal also changed. SEM micrographs indicated that the B(NBL)T phase developed into columnar grains at sintering temperatures higher than 1260 oC. Moreover, when glass was added, the grain morphology changed, especially at sintering temperatures higher than 850 oC. When sintered at 950 oC for 2 hours, the composite with 55 vol.% glass yielded the highest dielectric constant (εr= 23.2), the lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 4.1 × 10-3), and a high Q×f value (Q × f = 1,620 GHz, Q = 1/tanδ, f = 6.67 GHz). The microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti4O12/ alkali-borosilicate glass composites were investigated in this study, with the volume percentage of the glass phase in the composite being either 50, 55, or 60 vol.%. Sintered density measurements indicated that the density increased with an increase in the sintering temperature for the composites with 50 and 55 vol.% glass additions, but, at a sintering temperature higher than 800 oC, the density decreased for the composite with a 60 vol.% glass addition. XRD patterns revealed that the peak of the highest intensity in the B(NBL)T crystal belongs to the (401) crystal plane, while that in the B(NBL)T/glass composites to the (320) crystal plane. Along with the change in crystalline preferred orientation, the lattice constants of the crystal also changed. SEM micrographs indicated that the B(NBL)T phase developed into columnar grains at sintering temperatures higher than 1260 oC. Moreover, when glass was added, the grain morphology changed, especially at sintering temperatures higher than 850 oC. When sintered at 950 oC for 2 hours, the composite with 55 vol.% glass yielded the highest dielectric constant (εr= 23.2), the lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 4.1 × 10-3), and a high Q×f value (Q × f = 1,620 GHz, Q = 1/tanδ, f = 6.67 GHz).

Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps Sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells

Kuo, Yuh-Chi,Wu, Chia-Lin,Tasi, Wei-Jern,Wang, Jir-Yenn,Chang, Shi-Chung,Lin, Ching-Yuang,Shiao, Ming-Shi 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang₃,Ching-Yung Lin⁴,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang²,Ching-Yung Lin³,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴.¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells. Proceedings of international Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 44-64, 1999.-Cordyceps sinensis is a major parasitic fungus on larva of Lepidoptera. It is one of the well know fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment asthma, lung and kideney diseases. Many fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps have been demonstrated to produce natural products with various biological activities. Reported biological activities of genus cordyceps include:(a)inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis;(b)enhancement of cell differentiation;(c)restruction of cytoskeleton;(d)inhibition of protein kinase activity;(e)antitumor activity on bladder, colon, lung carcinoma as well as fibroblastoma;(f)inhibition of the infection and revers transciptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; and(g) inhibition of methylation of nucleic acid. Thus, it is suggested that the extracts of Cordyceps sp. Contain antitumor, antiviral, and many other biological activities. In our previous studies, we proved that C. sinensis contains the antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. In the present studies, effects of C. sinensis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BAL)cells were demonstrated. The crude methanolic extracts of C. sinensis were fractionated into 15 fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Effects of various fraction on BAL cells proliferation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated interleukin-1β(IL-8),platelet activating factor(PAF), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-8(IL-8) production on BAL cells were determined. The result indicated that the CS-19-22 fraction suppressed BAL cells proliferation activated by LPS. The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 6㎍/ml. The CS-19-22 fraction also decreased IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-αand IL-8 production.The results of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that the CS-19-22 fraction did not affect IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-α,and IL-8 mRNAs expression in BAL cells activated by LPS. By contrast, it inhibited the IL-10 mRNA expression but enhanced IFN-γand IL-12 mRNAs expression in activated BAL cells. Moreover, the CS-19-22 fraction blocked PAF-induced platelet aggregation. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity was involved. Because no cell deths were observable. We hypothesize that inhibitory mechanisms of CS-19-22 on BAL cells proliferation may be related to the impairments of gene expression and production of cytokines in BAL cells. The explanation of C. sinensis antiasthma function may involved the following(1)C.sinenesis contained immunomodulatory agents that stimulated IFN-γand IL-12 expression in TH1cells.(2)Enhanced secretion of IFN-γand IL-12 will inhibit the Tγcells immune responses Ex. Decreasing of IL-6 and IL-10 production.(3) The impairments of cytokines production in TH2 cells suppressed th BAL cells proliferation then more cytokines production Ex.IL-1β,PAF,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 in activated BAL cells were decreased. (4)The suppression of TH2cells immune responses will inhibit the growth and differentiation of B cells then IgE production will be decreased. (5)Reduced production of IgE will decreased asthma attack occurring in individuals. However, the results of the present study suggested that C. sinensis may also have acted to treat asthma in part by inhibiting BAL cells proliferation and cytokine gene expression and production. Future, experiments with treatment of animals with asthma with C. sinensis will be necessary to defined whether C. sinensis can reduce asthma injury. Plans are underway for the isolation of pure principal growth inhibitors and their mechanisms of action are subjected for further study.

Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for VQ Indices Based on Absolute Difference Trees

( Chin-chen Chang ),( Thai-son Nguyen ),( Chia-chen Lin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.7

Reversible data hiding is a technique for recovering original images without any distortion after secret data are extracted from the image. The technique continues to attract attention from many researchers. In this paper, we introduce a new reversible data hiding scheme based on the adjacent index differences of vector quantization (VQ) indices. The proposed scheme exploits the differences between two adjacent indices to embed secret data. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve a lower compression rate than an earlier scheme by Yang and Lin. Our scheme`s average compression rate, 0.44 bpp, outperforms that of Yang and Lin`s scheme, which averages 0.53 bpp. Moreover, the embedding capacity of our scheme can rise to 1.45 bpi, which also is superior to that of Chang et al.`s scheme [35] (1.00 bpi)Yang and Lin`s scheme [27] (0.91 bpi) as well as Chang et al.`s scheme [26] (0.74 bpi).

In vitro Transport of Fexofenadine·HCl in Deformable Liposomes Across the Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Monolayers

Lin, Hongxia,Lee, Chi-Ho,Shim, Chang-Koo,Chung, Suk-Jae,Kim, Dae-Duk 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.6

Fexofenadine·HC1 is non-sedating histamine HI receptor antagonist that can he used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the carriers of defonnable liposomes can enhance the transepithelial permeability of ferofenadine·HCl across the in vitro ALl human nasal monolay et model. Characterization of this model was achieved by bioelectric measurements and morphological studies. The passage 2 and 3 of cell monolayers exhibited the TEER value of 28521482 ohm x cm: on 11 days of seeding and maintained high TEER value for 3 days. The defonnable liposome of fexofenadine.HC1 was prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholic acid using extruder method. The mean particle size was about 200 mn and the maximum entrapment efficiency of 33.0% was obtained in the formulation of 1% PC and 100 μg/ml ferofenadine·HC1. The toxicity of the defonnable liposome to human nasal monolayers was evaluated by MTT assay and TEER value change. MTT assay showed that it has no toxic effect on the nasal epithelial cells in 2-hour incubation when the PC concentration was below 1%. However. defonnable liposome could not enhance the transepithelial permeability (Pap,) and cellular uptake of ferofenadine·HC1. In conclusion. the in vitro model could be used in nasal drug transport studies and evaluation of transepithelial permeability of formulations.

레스토랑의 고객만족과 재방문의사에 영향을 주는 선택속성에 관한 연구

이창기(Chang Gi Yi),권영린(Young Lin Kwon) 한국호텔관광학회 2001 호텔관광연구 Vol.3 No.3

The purpose of this study is not only to establish a kind of useful operation material for the Fusion Restaurants but also to suggest a further improvement for its field. The fusion restaurant is understood through the selection attributes of fusion restaurants made by some previous studies and case studies of the restaurants in the country based on the customers--oriented service looked in terms of restaurant owners. Lightening up the relation of the selection-attributes of fusion restaurant, the diversity and variety of customer`s taste could be recognized. The followings are some points deserve our attention through the study. First, considering from the point of the view that the perception of customers and future customers for fusion restaurant is 82%, even though the fusion restaurant started to be popular from the late 1990, it seems to be accomplished very highly in short period. It means that customers reflect very sensitively on new changes and are highly interested in new changes. Therefore it is the right time for various marketing promotions to switch the potential customers to actual customers. Second, compared to other existed family restaurants, selection-attributes for fusion restaurant shows that `experience of unique food` and `attractiveness of interior` are important. It suggests that customers are eager to experience new culture. So unprecedented promotion will help to increase customers. Third, main customers are shown to range from the late 20s to the middle 30s that is higher than that of family restaurant with professional job. It says that present young generations aged between 20s and 30s prefer to have special new experiences of different kinds of food culture and like to form a new cultural circumstance unlike the past time. From this point of view that they spend 30,000-50,000 won a time and enjoy once or twice a month as average, that there is a tendency could be backed up. Fourth, the average marks of 26 variables among the selection-attributes are shown mostly high and play important role in choosing the fusion restaurant. Especially cleanness, uniqueness, hygiene, sanitation, and fresh atmosphere should be considered all the time. Finally, what could be estimated is that customers strongly desire to try special food and to search for new things which they have never experienced in the regular family restaurant. This is the main reason for visiting fusion restaurant. Therefore the way to go for the future business of fusion restaurant is to make an effort for transformation that will be satisfied with new generations who want to preoccupy the special experience as well as to train and foster the competent cooks with decreasing their labor cost and developing the menu. This study was made in the basis of customers of fusion restaurant for the selection-attributes and satisfaction but some limitation were existed. First, as there were few previous studies for the selection-attributes of fusion restaurant, this study based on hotel restaurant, family restaurant and fast-food restaurant was not desirably examined. Second, data for the analysis of present situation of fusion restaurant were not sufficiently collected due to the lack of participating of the restaurants. Hopefully hereafter, further studies would be fulfilled and helpful for establishing possible marketing strategies supplementing the above mentioned limitations and deficiencies with executing compared analysis between fusion restaurant and family restaurant.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

Lu, Li-Rong,Liu, Jing,Xu, Zhen,Zhang, Geng-Lin,Li, De-Chang,Lin, Chao-Shuang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10

We here document discovery of expression profile of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and changes in the course of disease. The study population was composed of 75 outpatient HBV cases and 15 healthy control cases. Peripheral blood samples were collected for separation of mononuclear cells. Levels of MDSCs labeled with Lin-DR-CD11b+CD33+ obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), were revealed to have significant differences between the CHB and other groups. They were 0.414% for health control cases and 0.226% for CHB cases (Z=-2.356, p=0.0189). It also observed that the group of HBeAg positive cases had significant difference in MDSCs/PBMC median ($X^2=11.877$, p=0.003), compared with group of HBeAg negative cases and the healthy control group. It suggested considerable MDSCs might be involved in HBeAg immune tolerance. In addition, negative correlations between MDSCs/PBMC and parameters of ALT, AST and TBil, while positive correlation between MDSCs/PBMC and ALB parameter were found. Multiple comparisons between the four phases and health control phase again, there was a statistically sifnificant difference ($X^2=17.198$, p=0.002). Taken together, these findings may provide a new immunotherapy strategy for reduced the expression levels of MDSCs in CHB patients, through induction of an autoimmune response to virus removal.

In Vitro Transport of Fexofenadine HCl in Deformable Liposomes Across the Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Monolayers

Dae-Duk Kim,Hongxia Lin,Chi-Ho Lee,Chang-Koo Shim,Suk-Jae Chung 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.6

Fexofenadine • HCl is non-sedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist that can be used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the carriers of deformable liposomes can enhance the transepithelial permeability of fexofenadine • HCl across the in vitro ALI human nasal monolayer model. Characterization of this model was achieved by bioelectric measurements and morphological studies. The passage 2 and 3 of cell monolayers exhibited the TEER value of 2852482 ohm´cm2 on 11 days of seeding and maintained high TEER value for 5 days. The deformable liposome of fexofenadine • HCl was prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholic acid using extruder method. The mean particle size was about 200 nm and the maximum entrapment efficiency of 33.0% was obtained in the formulation of 1% PC and 100 mg/ml fexofenadine • HCl. The toxicity of the deformable liposome to human nasal monolayers was evaluated by MTT assay and TEER value change. MTT assay showed that it has no toxic effect on the nasal epithelial cells in 2-hour incubation when the PC concentration was below 1%. However, deformable liposome could not enhance the transepithelial permeability (Papp) and cellular uptake of fexofenadine • HCl. In conclusion, the in vitro model could be used in nasal drug transport studies and evaluation of transepithelial permeability of formulations.

A Proteomic Analysis of Leaf Responses to Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Differing in UV Sensitivity

Xing-Chun Wu,Chang-Xun Fang,Jin-Yang Chen,Qing-Shui Wang,Ting Chen,Wen-Xiong Lin,Zhong-Liang Huang 한국식물학회 2011 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.4

To determine the proteomic response to UV irradiation, two cultivars, i.e., Lemont (UV tolerant) and Dular (UV sensitive), were exposed to natural and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation for 1, 7, and 14 days, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics were used to compare the different proteomic responses in the leaves of the two cultivars. Thirty-nine proteins were up- or downregulated following the UV-B treatments. Among them, 30 increased or decreased more than 1.5-fold in abundance. They were further tested by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight MS and performed a database search. Twentyfour proteins were thus identified. These identified proteins were mostly upregulated in Lemont, whereas only 14 of them upregulated in Dular. Nine proteins involved in glycometabolism and fatty acid metabolisms, signal transduction, and protein synthesis and folding in Dular were not changed. These results suggest that there was a complex regulative mechanism on the proteomes in rice leaves upon UV-B exposure.

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.

고관절의 절제 관절성형술

유명철 ( Myung Chul Yoo ),조윤제 ( Yoon Je Cho ),김용환 ( Yong Hwan Kim ),조창현 ( Chang Hyun Cho ),박병주 ( Byung Joo Park ),조영린 ( Young Lin Cho ) 대한고관절학회 1997 Hip and Pelvis Vol.9 No.2

Girdlestone operation is a resection arthroplasty, which is composed of resection of head and neck of femur and construction of pseudoarthrosis, which was described by Girdlestone at first in 1928. The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy of Girdlestone operation. In 4I hips of 40 patients, who had undergone Girdlestone operation and was not converted to total hip replacement from Dec. 1986 to Sep. 1996, were reviewed. Average follow up period was 3 years and 10 months(range from one year to ten years and ten months). Twenty four patients (25cases) were males and sixteen patients were females. The average age was 49 years old(range from 19 to 77 years old). Preoperative diagnoses were infection in 32 cases, posttraumatic osteoarthritis in 3 cases, pelvic bone fracture in 2 cases, ankylosing spondylitis involving hip joint in 2 cases(1 patient), RDC(rapidly destructive coxarthrosis) in one case and femoral neck fracture in one case. Pain was relieved completely or decreased markedly in all cases after Girdlestone operation. Preoperatively, four patient(five cases) had not been able to walk and thirty six patients had showed the moderate or severe limping. After operation, thirty cases showed the moderate 1imping. In the analysis of walking grade, preoperatively, four patients(five cases) had not been able to walk and 36 cases had used cane or crutch, postoperatively, 16 cases walked without any support, 9 cases used one cane, and 16 cases used two crutch. The range of motion of the hip joints was improved postoperatively. Preoperative flexion contracture, average fourteen degrees decreased to average three degrees postoperatively. Preoperative further flexion, average sixty eight degrees, increased to ninety degrees postoperatively. The average shortening of operated limb was 4.5 cm. Average time interval from operation to crutch ambulation was 37 days. In the assessment of patient satisfaction, most patients were satisfied with the improvement of pain, physical activity and psychosocial activity except morphological change. Our opinion is that Girdlestone operation is relatively an effective and safe procedure to treat the infected or dysfunctioned hips.