Vegetation change and emerging research feedback for Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER)

Cho, Yong-Chan,Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Hyun-Je,Lee, Kyu-Song,Park, Pil-Sun The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.1

Various responses of forest ecosystems to climate change underscore the need to improve our understanding of the environmentally-driven changes in forests, most effectively by long-term monitoring protocols. We have explored vegetation dynamics based on changes in community structure, species composition, diversity and demographics in four Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) sites--Mt. Nam, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Worak, and Mt. Jiri--between 2004 and 2009. Most of the sites and forests studied exhibited increments in total basal area, but this was not observed in Quercus mongolica forests in Mt. Nam and Mt. Worak. Stem density exhibited various changes. Altitude gradient was the representative factor in differences in species composition. Two patterns of compositional change--convergence and divergence--were detected. The vegetation of Mt. Nam and Q. mongolica community of Mt. Work showed relatively larger changes in composition. However, in the other sites, few changes were observed. Changes of species richness were not notable except for Mt. Nam, where three species were added in the pine forest, whereas one species disappeared in the oak forest. In the oak forests, mortality rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (25.5%), Mt. Jeombong (24.3%), Mt. Worak (16.4%) and Mt. Jiri (0.8%). In the pine forest, the recruitment rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (63.7%), Mt. Worak (12.9%), Mt. Jeombong (7.6%) and Mt. Jiri (7.3%). The mortality rate and change rate of basal area were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P = 0.002), and the recruitment rate and change rate of density were positively correlated (r = 0.77, P = 0.026). In the KNLTER sites, larger vegetation changes were attributed to anthropogenic activities such as salvage logging. Suppression or competition for resources would also affect these changes. Research suggestions such as monitoring to clarify the causes of species mortality were discussed.

5, 7-DHT가 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 신경아교세포에 미치는 영향

채제명(Je Myung Chae),조승묵(Seung Mook Jo),남성안(Seong Ahn Nam),윤상선(Sang Seon Yoon),고병문(Byung Moon Ko),최창도(Chang Do Choi),최월봉(Wol Bong Choi) 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.1

신경독성물질인 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine (5, 7-DHT)이 중추신경계통내 serotonin 신경세포에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 신경아교세포들의 반응을 형태학적으로 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 흰쥐의 가쪽뇌실에 5, 7-DHT(200μg)를 투여한 후면역세포화학적 염색을 시행한 후 광학 및 전자현미경하에서 등쪽솔기핵내 serotonin 신경세포에 초래되는 퇴행성변화와 주위 신경아교세포들의 반응양상 등을 경시적으로 (1, 3, 5, 10 및 20일) 관찰하였던 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 5, 7-DHT의 세포독성에 반응을 보인 신경아교세포로는 미세아교세포와 별아교세포였으며, 이들 세포 들의 반응양상은 매우 특징적이었으며, 상당한 차이를 보였으며, 전반적으로 미세아교세포가 별아교세포에 비해 빠른 변화소견을 보였다. 즉, 미세아교세포의 경우 실험 3일군 및 5일군에서 이미 그 수의 증가와 함께 활발한 포식작용을 보였던 반면, 별아교세포는 후기 실험군인 10일군 및 20일군에 이르러서야 세포질의 비대 및 수적 증식을 통하여 손상된 신경조직을 보상할 뿐 아니라 밀집된 미세아교세포들을 분산시키는 소견이 관찰되었다. 그러나 희소돌기아교세포는 본 연구의 전 실험군을 통하여 특별한 변화소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 부터 5, 7-DHT가 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 신경세포에 강한 세포독성을 유발하며, 이에 따른 주위 신경아교세 포들 특히 미세아교세포와 별아교세포는 시간경과에 따라 매우 다양한 반응양상을 보인다는 사실을 알게 되었다 This study was designed to clarify the cytotoxic effects of 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine (5, 7-DHT) on the serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and to investigate the glial reaction during the neurodegenerative changes by light and electron microscopy. Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) weighing from 250 g to 350 g each were used as experimental animal. 5, 7-DHT(200 μg dissolved in 0.9% NaCl) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain with the Hamiton syringe fixed on stereotaxic apparatus. The control rats were given with the similar volume of 0.9% NaCl. The rats were sacrified on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th and 20th day after the injection of 5, 7-DHT. The results were as follows : Glial reactions induced by 5, 7-DHT were also observed in DRN. In early experimental stage, microglial reactions prevailed, whereas astroglial reactions were prevailing in later stage. In addition, microglial cells phagocytosed and removed the degenerated cells. However, astrocytes in DRN did not show phagocytotic activities such as microglial cells. Based on the results, author thought that 5, 7-DHT act as a specific neurotoxin to serotonergic neurons in DRN, and induces severe neurodegenerative changes. The glial reactions in DRN are activated during the neurodegerative changes, and show characteristic patterns of glial reactions.

관측자료 기반 격자 생성자료 생성 및 예측모형 연구

조창제(Chang Je Cho),곽경일(Gyeong Il Kwak),주현석(Hyun Seok Joo),김국진(Kuk Jin Kim) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2021 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.30 No.1

Natural disasters are increasing due to recent climate change. Rainfall directly or indirectly affects aquaculture and agriculture. Therefore, it is important to anticipate and prepare for this. In this study, a study on the performance comparison between spatial interpolation techniques was conducted based on observed data, and predicted based on the data produced by the spatial interpolation techniques. The spatial interpolation methods compared the inverse distance weighting method, kriging and spatial random forest through MAE (Mean absolute error), RMSE (Root mean square error), correlation coefficient. The verification of predicted data was compared through MAE, CSI (Critical Success Index), FAR (False Alarm Ratio), POD (Probability of Detection) and ETS (Equitable Threat Score).

공공예술로서의 프로젝션 매핑 인터페이스 연구

장윤제(Chang Yoon Je),김형기(Unzi Kim) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2012 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.4

‘공공’ 장소를 설치 대상으로 하는 예술작품의 형식은 끊임없이 변모되었다. 최근 주목을 받고 있는 프로젝션 매핑의 공공예술로서의 시도 또한 그 사례 중의 하나이다. 프로젝션 매핑은 건축물 외부 공간의 여러 가지 요소들을 포함한 공간에 대한 재구성 및 재의미화를 가능하게 해주고 있다. 이것은 미디어 작품의 대형화를 가능하게 해주었고 공공예술로서의 확장 가능성도 높여주었다. 공공예술은 점차 대중과의 소통이 중요시되는 방향으로 발전하고 있다. 새로운 표현양식과 패러다임을 제공할 수 있는 프로젝션 매핑을 공공예술로서의 활용하는 것 은 수용자의 참여 혹은 관심을 이끌어내는 것에 있어 좋은 방법이 될 수 있다. 하지만 공공예술에서는 작품과 수용자의 관계가 일대 다수의 관계이기 때문에 흥미유발에 불과하거나 도구를 사용한 직접적 인터렉션이 어려울 수 있다. 공공예술로서의 프로젝션 매핑을 고려할 때 작품과 관객의 상호작용을 위한 인터페이스는 중요한 과제이며, 모바일 인터페이스의 활용은 관객의 적극적인 참여와 다른 사람들과의 협업 및 시각, 청각을 포함한 공감각적 경험을 가능하게 해 주는 좋은 도구로 작용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 공공예술의 문헌조사와 작품사례의 분석을 통하여 공공예술을 위한 인터렉티브 프로젝션 매핑의 인터페이스에 속성에 대한 요소를 분석해보고, 이를모바일 인터페이스에 적용시켜 보려고 한다. 또한 모바일 인터페이스의 공공 예술적 가능성을 모색해보고, 공공예술로서의 프로젝션 매핑과 모바일 인터페이스의 결합을 통하여 새로운 인터렉티브 공공예술 작품을 제작하는 데에 본 논문이 기여하기를 기대한다. Today, the Art for public place is trying to change. Public art is required Projection mapping which is the one way giving the place new meaning and reorganization. Projection mapping makes the artwork can be large scale and variety expression. It gives amazing sight and illusion to spectators. The interaction in artwork can share that feelings. So, Interaction projection mapping for pubic art is the subject which needs to multi user interface. Interface is important to communicate between the artwork and spectators. The purpose of this study is to analyse projection mapping"s interface and interaction form that try to find multi user participated interface. This paper proposes mobile interface as multi user interaction interface for public place. Mobile interface is useful device attracted hoards of participants, Immersed in the experience and explored the artwork.

Surface albedo from the geostationary Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS)/Meteorological Imager (MI) observation system

Lee, Chang Suk,Han, Kyung-Soo,Yeom, Jong-Min,Lee, Kyeong-sang,Seo, Minji,Hong, Jinkyu,Hong, Je-Woo,Lee, Keunmin,Shin, Jinho,Shin, In-Chul,Chun, Junghwa,Roujean, Jean-Louis Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 GISCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING Vol.55 No.1

<P>The surface albedo is an essential climate variable that is considered in many applications used for predicting climate and understanding the mechanisms of climate change. In this study, surface albedo was estimated using a bidirectional reflectance distribution function model based on Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite/Meteorological Imager data. Geostationary orbiting satellite data are suitable for a level 2 product like albedo, which requires a synthetic process to estimate. The authors modified established methods to consider the geometry of the solar-surface-sensor of COMS/MI. Of note, the viewing zenith angle term was removed from the kernel integration used for estimating spectral albedo. Finally, the spectral (narrow) albedo was converted into the broadband albedo with shortwave length (approximately 0.3-2.5 m). This study determined conversion coefficients using only one spectral albedo of visible channel. The estimated albedo had a relatively high correlation with Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre/Vegetation and low unweighted error values specific for land types or times. The validation results show that estimated albedo has a root mean square error of 0.0134 at Jeju flux site that indicates accuracy similar to that of other satellite-based products.</P>

Eleven Poems of Park Je-chun

Park Je-chun,Ko Chang Soo(번역자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1992 Korea Journal Vol.32 No.3

국내 송이산업이 당면한 문제

具昌德,金載水,朴在仁 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2001 農業科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Pine mushroom (Songyi, Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Sing.) industry in Korea has confronted with several difficulties in the light of marketing, i.e. its supply quantity, quality, price and promotion. In this essay we discussed the problems with four topics related to the mushroom: long term decreasing production by 7% per year, relatively dropping quality and prices in changing Japanese markets that import the mushroom from 11 contries and needed promotion. For these, we suggest first that pine mushroom production forests be managed on a sustainable basis in the present production sites. Second, harvesting and packing need to be done at the production sites so that its quality may not be damaged. Third, it should be understood that pine mushroom markets in Japan have been greatly changed. That is, Korea supply only 10% of Japanese pine mushroom impact. Forth, our own brand names for pine mushroom need to be developed. For solve these problems our critical and creative efforts and needed.

강원도 남부지역에서 소나무림 벌채 후 초기 종조성 변화

조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),김준수 ( Jun Soo Kim ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ),조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),이호영 ( Ho Yeong Lee ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

강원도 남부 지역의 발달단계가 다른 소나무림 벌채지에서 16년 동안의 식생 변화를 연구하였다. 교란 후, 천이 궤적 및 환경 변화를 온도, 상대습도, 서열분석(Detrended Correspondence Analysis, DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure(MRPP) 및 지표종 분석(Indicator Species Analysis, ISPAN) 등을 통하여 분석하였다. 벌채 직후, 수관열림도는 대조구와 비교하여 세 배(1yr 68.3% 및 R1 23.0%)로 급격히 증가한 후 감소하였으나, 상대습도는 비교적 작은 변화(약 6% 감소)를 나타내었다. DCA 결과, 벌채 후 초기에는 종조성이 이질적으로 변화하였으나, 점차 벌채 이전(대조구)의 것과 유사하게 발달하였다. MRPP 결과, 각 발달 단계(1yr, 3yr, 10yr 및 16yr)의 종 조성은 대조구(R1, R3, R10 및 R16)의 것과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 1yr 및 3yr에서는 목본성 종이, 10yr 및 16yr에서는 초본 종들이 주요 종으로 분석되어, 교란 직후에는 목본성 종들이 활발한 재생을 나타내며, 이후 초본 식생이 발달하는 것을 보였다. 연구 대상지역의 천이는 초기 식물상 조성 모델로 설명할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Vegetation changes were studied for 16 yr in clearcut logged Pinus densiflora forests in the southern Gangwon-do province in Korea by applying chronosequence approach. Ambient temperature and relative humidity, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure (MRPP), Indicator Species Analysis (ISPAN) were used to examine successional trajectory and compositional changes. After clearcutting, canopy openness was increased abruptly at three folds (1yr 68.3% and R1 23.0%) and then decreased, but relative moisture was slightly decreased (6%) compare to control site. In the result of DCA, right after clear cutting, vegetation composition was developed heterogeneously compared to control sites, and then approached to control sites within 16 years. Based on MRPP, species composition of each developmental stages (1yr, 3yr, 10yr and 16yr) revealed signigicant differences to that of control vegetation (R1, R3, R10 and R16). Indicator species in 1yr and 3yr samples included various woody species rather than herbaceous species, but in 10yr and 16yr, herbaceous were more abundant. Earlier succession of pine forests likely can explain to Initial Floristic Composition (IFC) Model.

정부조직의 ‘조직융합관리’에 관한 시론적 연구

임영제(Young Je Yim),이창원(Chang-Won Lee) 한국정책과학학회 2008 한국정책과학학회보 Vol.12 No.4

1990년대 이후 주요선진국들은 정부혁신의 한 가지 방편으로 정부부처들을 통합하는 정부조직의 개편을 단행하였고, 우리나라 역대 정부들도 그동안 정권이 바뀔 때 마다 정부조직의 효율성, 생산성 제고 등의 기치 하에 부처 간 통폐합을 시도하였으나 통합의 시너지 효과를 보지 못하고 여러 가지 부작용을 경험해온 것이 현실이다. 이러한 부작용을 최소화하고 의도했던 조직통합의 효과를 얻기 위해서는 조직의 융합관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 그동안 조직의 특정 변수에 치우쳐 연구되어 왔던 조직통합, 조직융합에 대한 연구를 검토함으로써 조직융합의 통합적 접근법을 시론적으로 제시하고자 하였다. 아울러 개념적 혼란이 남아 있는 것으로 생각되는 통합과 융합의 개념적 정립을 시도함으로써 이로 인한 개념상의 혼란과 융합지표 설정의 혼란 등을 해결할 수 있는 단서를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 이를 위하여 우선 조직융합에 관한 선행연구들을 조직문화적 측면, 인적자원관리적 측면, 구조기능적 측면의 세 가지 측면으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 조직융합의 개념정립과 관련해서는 통합과는 차별화되는 융합의 개념을 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 조직융합의 통합적 접근을 모색하였다. 즉 조직문화적 접근, 관리과정적 접근, 구조기능적 접근의 세 가지 접근을 통하여 ‘화학적 결합’으로서의 조직융합의 방향을 제시하였다. This study finds the successful management strategies of PMI (post-merger integration) in public organizations and explores the process of the PMI in public organizations. PMI is the most important phase of organizational change. The PMI period is very similar to any strategic change management process for an organization. It must continually assess the speed of the changes being made, establish clear leadership, communicate effectively, maintain a human resource focus throughout the process, deal with both internal and external resistance, and make rational decisions. It must be dynamic in adapting to the ever-changing circumstances. What is the message that this study leaves for practicing managers and academics? A successful strategy of PMI(post-merger integration) in the public organizations is depends on having strategy or merger logic that goes beyond simple cost saving, rationalization, and the capacity to realize those strategic benefits through the public and cultural integration processes that are the focus of this study.

Surface Morphology Control of Polymer Films by Electron Irradiation and Its Application to Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Lee, Eun Je,Jung, Chan-Hee,Hwang, In-Tae,Choi, Jae-Hak,Cho, Sung Oh,Nho, Young-Chang American Chemical Society 2011 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.3 No.8

<P>A simple and controllable one-step method to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films is developed on the base of electron irradiation. When the thickness of PTFE films is higher than the penetration depth of electron beams, electrical charging occurs at the surface of the films because of the imbalance between the accumulation of incident electrons and the emission of secondary electrons. Local inhomogeneity of charge distribution due to this electrical charging results in the nonuniform decomposition of PTFE molecular bonds. As electron fluence increases, surface morphology and surface roughness of the films are dramatically changed. An extremely rough surface with micrometer-sized pores is produced on the surface of PTFE films by electron irradiation at a fluence higher than 2.5 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>–2</SUP>.Because of high surface roughness, the irradiated PTFE films exhibit superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle (CA) greater than 150° at fluences ranging from 4 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> to 1 × 10<SUP>18</SUP> cm<SUP>–2</SUP>. The surface morphology and corresponding water CA can be controlled by simply changing the electron fluence. This electron irradiation method can be applicable to the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces using other low-surface-energy materials including various fluoropolymers.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2011/aamick.2011.3.issue-8/am200464a/production/images/medium/am-2011-00464a_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am200464a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>