허혈기간에 따른 심근세포와 세포간질의 미세구조적 변화에 관한 연구

김호덕,라봉진,장충현 대한해부학회 1992 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.25 No.1

기후변화가 축산업에 미치는 경제효과

공현석(Hyeon Seok Gong),정경수(Kyeong Soo Jeong),김민경(Min Kyoung Kim),장재봉(Jae Bong Chang) 한국농식품정책학회 2020 농업경영정책연구 Vol.47 No.2

Adopting the Ricardian approach, this study investigates the economic effects of climate changes such as average temperature and rainfalls on Korean livestock farm revenue. The explanatory variables of empirical model were selected based on the previous literature. The pseudo-panel analysis is employed to resolve the imperfectness of the panel data. The results indicate that the control variables such as farming experience, household size, employment, ownership of heavy machinery, technology use, full-time farming and male owner affect the livestock farm revenue positively, and the age does negatively. The impact of summer average temperature on farm revenue was significant and negative, while that of winter was significant and positive. The marginal change of the summer temperature decrease farm revenue per head by 2.48%. This paper suggests that the livestock farm’s revenue responds sensitively to changes in summer and winter average temperature, and so we need to establish the long-term countermeasures against rapid climate change.

류마치스熱의 心電圖 : P-R interval와 Q-Tc의 解來 및 Q-Tc와 Rheumatic Activity에 關하여 Emphasized on interpretation of prolonged P-R interval and the correlation between Q-Tc and Rheumatci activity

李斗鳳,安昌一,崔相? 최신의학사 1963 最新醫學 Vol.6 No.8

PET/CT 검사 환자의 피폭선량 경감을 위한 연구

김봉수,표성재,조용귀,신채호,조진우,김창호,Kim, Bong-Su,Pyo, Sung-Jai,Cho, Yong-Gyi,Shin, Chai-Ho,Cho, Jin-Woo,Kim, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 환자의 피폭선량 감소를 위해 PET/CT검사 시Pitch를 조절하여 환자의 피폭선량을 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대해 고려해 보고 Pitch 조정이 CT 영상과 PET의 SUV값에 영향을 주어 변화가 있는지를 살펴 보고자 한다. 방법 : Siemens사의 Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT 형식 : TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)을 사용하였다. 환자의 피폭선량 평가로는 CT 조사선량 측정기인 PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383를 사용하여 선량을 측정하였고 Pitch 조정이 CT 영상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 AAPM Standard Phantom을 이용하여 pitch 변화에 따른 CT 영상의 공간 분해능을 측정하여 비교하였다. 그리고, PET source consists of a solid radioactive cylinder phantom을 사용하여 Pitch 변화에 따른 Fusion 영상의 SUV값을 산출하여 PET/CT 영상에서 SUV값이 변하였는지 확인하였다. 결과 : 2slice CT scanner에서는 Pitch가 0.7~1.3까지는 방사선량이 크게 떨어지나 1.5~1.9까지는 방사선량의 감소가 작아졌으며 Pitch값이 커질수록 환자의 피폭선량이 작아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Pitch값의 증가에 따른 SUV값의 변화는 거의 없었으며. Pitch값이 PET SUV값에 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Pitch의 변화가 CT 영상에도 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 위의 결과로 PET/CT를 사용하는 병원은 영상의 왜곡이 없고 PET SUV값에 영향을 주지 않는 범위 내에서 각 병원에 맞는 Pitch값을 찾아서 환자의 피폭 경감을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. 그리고 Multi-detector를 가진 CT scanner인 경우에 모두 해당 될 것이라 생각되며 향후 다른 장비에서도 이와 같은 실험이 필요하다 하겠다. Purpose: As the number of patients has increased since the installation of a PET/CT, we are now examining about 2500-3000 annually. We have realized that if we properly adjust a pitch under the same condition of a CT during a PET/CT exam, radiation quantity that reaches the patient can change. In order to reduce the exposure dose of a patient, the research examines a method of reducing the exposure dose of a patient by controlling the pitch during a PET/CT exam, viewing whether the adjustment of the pitch influences CT image and PET SUV. Methods: The equipment used is a Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT type: TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)) of Siemens company. For the evaluation of exposure dose of a patient, we measured radiation quantities using a PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383, which is a CT radiation measurement instrument used by Siemens. We measured and analyzed the space resolutions of CT images caused by the change of pitches using an AAPM Standard Phantom in order to see how the adjustment of pitches influenced the CT images. In addition, in order to obtain SUVs caused by each change of pitches using a PET source made with a solid radioactive cylinder phantom, we confirmed whether the SUVs changed in the PET/CT images by calculating the SUVs of the fusion images caused by the change of pitches after obtaining CT and PET images and finishing the test. Results: 2slice CT scanner showed that radiation quantities largely dropped when pitches ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 and that the reduction of radiation quantities were smaller when pitches ranged from 1.5 to 1.9. That is, we found that the bigger pitch values are the smaller the radiation quantities of a patient are. Moreover, we realized that there is no change of SUVs caused by the increase of pitches and that pitch values do not influence PET SUVs and the quality of CT images. It is judged that using 1.5 as a pitch value contributes to the reduction of exposure dose of a patient as long as there is no problem in the quality of an image. Conclusions: When seeing the result of the research, hospital using a PET/CT should make an effort to reduce the exposure dose of a patient seeking pitch values appropriate for their hospital within the range in which there is no image distortion and PET SUVs are not influenced from pitches. We think that the research can apply to all multi-detectors having a CT scanner and that such a research will be needed for other equipments in the future.

Biomechanical analysis of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to degenerative changes in the lumbar spine – Validated finite element analysis

Li, Quan You,Kim, Ho-Joong,Son, Juhyun,Kang, Kyoung-Tak,Chang, Bong-Soon,Lee, Choon-Ki,Seok, Hyun Sik,Yeom, Jin S. Elsevier 2017 Computers in biology and medicine Vol.89 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>There are no studies about the biomechanical analysis of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare, by using finite element (FE) analysis, the biomechanical changes of the lumbar spine in terms of annulus stress and nucleus pressure after two different kinds of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to disc degenerative changes.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The validated intact and degenerated FE models (L2-5) were used in this study. In these two models, two different decompression surgical scenarios at L3-4, including conventional laminectomy (ConLa) and the spinous process osteotomy (SpinO), were simulated. Therefore, a total of six models were simulated. Under preloading, 7.5 Nm moments of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion were imposed. In each model, the maximal von Mises stress on the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pressure at the index segment (L3-4) and adjacent segments (L2-3 and L4-5) were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The ConLa model and disc degeneration model demonstrated a larger annulus stress at the decompression level (L3-4) under all four moments than were seen in the SpinO model and healthy disc model, respectively. Therefore, the ConLa model with moderate disc degeneration showed the highest annulus stress at the decompression level (L3-4). However, the percent change of annulus stress at L3-4 from the intact model to the matched decompression model was less in the moderate disc degeneration model than in the healthy disc model.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Although the ConLa model with moderate disc degeneration showed the highest annulus stress, the degenerative models would be less influenced by the decompression technique.</P>

한국인의 우울증 진단기준의 특성

장성만,손지훈,이준영,최지환,조성진,전홍진,함봉진,이동현,조맹제 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

목적 국내의 여러 역학 조사에 따르면 한국인은 서구에 비하여 우울증의 유병률이 낮은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 낮은 유병률에 대하여 서구에서 정의하는 우울증의 진단 기준이 한국인의 문화에 맞지 않다는 진단 기준의 오류를 제시하거나, 실제로 유병률이 낮다는 설명을 시도하기도 하였다. 본 연구는 DSM-IV에서 제시하는 우울증의 진단 기준에 대하여 한국인의 반응 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법 2001년 KECA 연구에 응답한 만 18세 이상 65세 미만의 6,275명을 대상으로 하였다. 한국어판 CIDI (K-CIDI)를 통해 정신장애의 이환을 진단하였으며, K-CIDI 내의 우울장애 진단 기준만을 추출하여 분석하였다. 분석은 문항반응이론(Item Response Theory)을 적용하였다. 결과 한국인에서 DSM-IV의 주요우울장애 진단 기준의 오류는 없었으나, 진단 기준의 역치는 높았다. 한국인이 호소하는 우울증상으로서 "피로감"과 "집중력 저하", "수면 변화"는 진단되는 우울증의 초기부터 잘 나타나는 증상 들이며, "정선운동변화", "죽음/자살사고", "무가치함/죄책감"은 보다 심한 우울증에서 잘 나타나는 증상들이었다. 결론 DSM-IV가 제시하는 주요우울장애 진단 기준은 한국인의 우울증을 평가하는 데 있어 타당하기는 하나, 진단 기준의 역치가 높다. 우울증의 중증도에 따라 호소하는 증상들이 달랐다. Baekgrounds : Many Korean epidemiologic studies reported lower prevalence rates of depression than those of Western countries. For the low prevalence, it is explained that there's something wrong in the direct application of diagnostic criteria of depression to Korean culture, i.e. categorical fallacy, or it may be truly low-prevalent. We will analyze diagnostic criteria for depression detined by Western. Methods : Six thousand and two hundred seventy-five cummunity dwelling subjects, aged 18-64 years were interviewed by using Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV were analyzed using the item response theory. Rcsults : We could not find any fallacies of diagnostic critcria tbr depression defined by DSM-IV when assessing depre-ssion among Koreans. Fatigue, concentration difficultics, and sleep disturbance appeared more fequently in mild depression, while psychomotor change, death/suicide, and worthlessness/guilt did not appear until severe depression. Cunclusion : The diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV arc appropriate for the Koreans. There are different responding levels, i.e. threshold, of depressive criteria according to severities of depression. Koreans with depression are more likely to complain of appetite change, but less of worthless or guilty feelings than Western people.

담배 박각시나방 Manduca sexta의 계획된 세포죽음동안의 Proteasome의 변화

이구봉,우기민,조만희,이상한,장예진,김창세 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

모든 진핵세포의 주요 단백질 분해요소인 proteasome은 변성되거나 상해된 불필요한 단백질을 제거할 뿐만 아니라, 세포주기를 비롯한 다양한 대사과정들의 주요 효소들을 필요 시 적절히 분해함으로써 항상성을 유지시키는 필수적인 효소로 잘 알려져 있다. 또한 proteasome은 특정 포유동물 조직의 계획된 세포죽음(programmed cell death 또는 apoptosis)와 밀접하게 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바, 본 연구에서는 담배 박각시나방(Manduca sexta)의 변태과정에서 일어나는 마디간 근육(intersegmental muscle)의 급격한 파괴과정동안의 proteasome의 변화양상을 발현 및 단백질 분해활성을 중점으로 조사하였다. 정상근육과 파괴직전의 근육으로부터 proteasome을 분석한 결과 단백질 분해활성이 최소한 6배 이상 증가하였으며, proteasome의 주요 구성성분들의 발현 변화를 각각의 항체(antibody)를 이용하여 조사한 결과 세포죽음 직전에 급격히 증가함을 보였다. 이러한 구성성분들의 발현증가가 proteasome 복합체 형성을 통해 활성의 증가를 일으키는지 조사한 결과, 세포내에서 실질적으로 단백질 분해활성을 담당한다고 여겨지는 26S proteasome(2,000 kDa)의 위치에서 커다란 활성의 변화와 구성성분의 증가를 볼 수 있었다. 따라서, 담배 박각시나방의 계획된 세포죽음 현상은 특정 호르몬의 신호에 의해 proteasome의 발현이 급격히 증가하여 26S proteasome의 복합체 형태로 세포 내 대부분의 단백질들을 분해함으로써 30시간이내 근육조직을 완전히 소멸시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편, proteasome을 구성하는 특정 구성성분의 과다 발현이 세포의 단백질 분해현상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 조사하기 위하여 쥐의 fibroblast cell에 26S proteasome의 ATPase 구성성분인 m56 유전자를 삽입한 후 세포의 추출물로부터 proteasome의 양과 활성의 변화를 관찰하였다. Proteasome을 초원심분리로 추출하여 관찰한 결과, 담배 박각시나방의 경우와는 달리 유전자 삽입 세포는 모든 실험에서 정상 세포와 전혀 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 결과로부터 세포의 생명 유지에 필수적이고 매우 다양한 기능을 가진 proteasome은 40여개의 구성성분들의 발현이 매우 정교하게 조절되고 있으며, 특정 세포죽음 자극(apoptotic signal)이 왔을 때 일련의 구성 성분들의 발현과 26S proteasome 복합체 형성이 증가함으로써 그 기능을 수행하는 것을 알 수 있으며, 보다 자세한 연구는 비정상적 단백질 분해나 세포죽음을 동반하는 여러 질환들의 원인과 현상을 규명할 수 있으며, 또한 그 활성을 조절함으로써 궁극적인 치료의 방향도 제시 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

단체놀이활동이 초등학생의 행동체력과 인성변화에 미치는 영향

장봉희,홍관이 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.24

The purpose of this study was to examine in which way the active physical fitness and personality change of elementary school students were affected by programs constituted by group plays they contacted in daily living. The subjects in this study were 60 elementary school students in I-kun, K Province, who were divided into experimental and control groups. The 32-member experimental group were engaged in group play for 10 weeks, five times a week, 40 minutes each, and the 28-member control group was blocked from group play activities. The group play used in this study included snail house play, 8-shape play, the 38th-parallel play, turning round in triangular form, peanut play and squid play. To measure active physical fitness, speed, explosive muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, balance and flexibility were tested. And the personality was tested by the Korea Psychological Advisory Research Institute's special personality inventory A. The pretest and posttest results were analyzed with SAS program, and t-test was conducted to test the research questions. The findings of this study were as below: 1.The group play activities served to develop the speed, explosive muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility and balance of the boy students. 2.For the girl students, speed, muscular endurance, agility, balance and flexibility got better after engaged in group play activities. 3.The group play activities brought a positive change to the self- esteem and stress of the boy students. 4.The group play activities resulted in lowering the sex role security of the girl students, but their stress and deviant behavior control showed a positive change.

A Study of Fundamental Human Rights in the Communist Constitutions : With Special Reference to the Soviet and the North Korean Constitutions

Chang,Myung-bong 국민대학교 법학연구소 1986 法政論叢 Vol.8 No.1

운동과 남성 테스토스테론의 메타분석

장봉우,김진원 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1999 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze the published literature on testosterone and exercise by a meta-analysis review and untrained men. The researcher reviewed 134 original investigations concerning changes method in the SAS computer program as to pre-exercise versus post-exercise in trained me in testosterone levels due to physical activity by computer search program with Sport Discus. However, only 12 studies provided enough information to product effect sizes and were included in the statistical meta-analysis. The statistical analysis of these effect sizes indicated that the testosterone levels of post-exercise were higher than those of pre-exercise in trained men. But untrained men were associated with different effect sizes that the level of testosterone increased only three rescarch but decreased the other four research in post-exercise. The three research had negative effect size, while the positive effect seize obtained form the four research indicates a trend to decrease levels of testosterone for post-exercise in untrained men. More well designed and controlled research projects are needed in order to determine the changes, if any, of the testosterone with exercise. Future researchers should take into consideration not only the total concentration of the testoterone, but also have to provide the details of prescriptive statistic data in their research. Researchers will have to clarify the type of exercise, amount of muscle tissue used, intensity, and duration of exercise included sample subjects and experimental method. In particular, there is a need for additional research that will reveal the specific mechanisms by which different exercise protocol induce hormonal responses.