Determinants of neural tube defect (NTD)-protective circulating concentrations of folate in women of child-bearing age in the US post-folic acid fortification era

Chandrika Piyathilake,Sang Yong Eom,Taisun Hyun,Suguna Badiga,Constance Robinson,Nuzhat Rahman,Heon Kim,Gary L Johanning 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.4

We evaluated folate status of child-bearing age women diagnosed with abnormal pap smear in the US post-folic acid (FA) fortification era and assessed the determinants of NTD-protective and supra-physiologic (SP) concentrations of folate. The distribution of 843 women according to NTD-protective concentrations of RBC folate, plasma folate and SP concentrations of plasma folate were tested in relation to demographic and life-style factors. Logistic regression models specified NTD-protective concentrations of RBC and plasma folate or SP concentrations of plasma folate as dependent variables and demographic and life-style factors as independent predictors of interest. More than 82% reached NTD-protective concentrations of RBC and plasma folate and ~30% reached SP concentrations of plasma folate. FA supplement use was associated with having SP concentrations of plasma folate rather than NTD-protective concentrations of folate. African American (AA) women and smokers were significantly less likely to achieve NTD-protective concentrations of RBC and plasma folate. A large majority of women reached NTD-protective concentrations of folate with the current level of FA fortification without using supplementary FA. Therefore, the remaining disparities in AA women and in smokers should be addressed by targeted individual improvements in folate intake.

Synthesis, physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of Barium-Bismuth Oxide Borate-A novel nanomaterial

Chandrika B.M.,Manjunatha Holaly Chandrashekara Shastry,Sridhar K.N.,Ambika M.R.,Seenappa L.,Manjunatha S.,Munirathnam R.,Lourduraj A.J. Clement 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.5

Barium Bismuth Oxide Borate (BBOB) has been synthesized for the first time using solution combustion technique. SEM analysis reveal flower shape of the nanoparticles. The formation of the nanoparticles has been confirmed through XRD & FTIR studies which gives the physical and chemical structure of the novel material. The UV light absorption is observed in the range 200e300 nm. The present study highlights the radiation shielding ability of BBOB for different radiations like X/Gamma rays, Bremsstrauhlung and neutrons. The gamma shielding efficiency is comparable to that of lead in lower energy range and lesser than lead in the higher energy range. The bremsstrauhlung exposure constant is comparably larger for BBOB NPs than that of concrete and steel however it is lesser than that of lead. The beauty of BBOB nanoparticles lies in, high absorption of radiations and low emission of secondary radiations when compared to lead. In addition, the neutron shielding parameters like scattering length, absorption and scattering cross sections of BBOB are found to be much better than lead, steel and concrete. Thus, BBOB nanoparticles are highly efficient in absorbing X/Gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrauhlung radiations

Abstract for ACF-PT-PDMS Enhanced Oil-water separation with PDMS-Coated Activated Carbon felt: Optimising Plasma treatment Condition

Chandrika Ashwinikumar Pal,Yu-Lim Choi,Dilli Ram Lammichane,Janardhan Koduru Reddy,Yoon Young Chang 유기성자원학회 2023 유기성자원학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.2

Green synthesis of Lead–Nickel–Copper nanocomposite for radiation shielding

Chandrika B.M.,Manjunatha Holaly Chandrashekara Shastry,Munirathnam R.,Sridhar K.N.,Seenappa L.,Manjunatha S.,Lourduraj A.J. Clement 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.12

For the first time Pb, Ni, and Cu nanocomposites were synthesized by versatile solution combustion synthesis using extract as a reducing agent, to study the potential applications in X-ray/gamma, neutron, and Bremsstrahlung shielding. The synthesized Lead–Nickel–Copper (LNC) nanocomposites were characterized by PXRD, SEM, UV–VIS, and FTIR for the confirmation of successful synthesis. PXRD analysis confirmed the formation of multiphase LNC NCs and the Scherrer equation and the W-H plot gave the average crystal sizes of 19 nm and 17 nm. Surface morphology using SEM and EDX confirmed the presence of LNC NCs. Strong absorption peaks were analyzed by UV visible spectroscopy and the direct energy gap is found to be 3.083 eV. Functional groups present in the LNC NCs were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray/gamma radiation shielding properties were measured using NaI(Tl) detector coupled with MCA. It is found to be very close to Pb. Neutron shielding parameters were compared with traditional shielding materials and found LNC NCs are better than lead and concrete. Secondary radiation shielding known as Bremsstrahlung shielding characteristics also studied and found that LNC NCs are best in secondary radiation shielding. Hence LNC NCs find shielding applications in ionizing radiation such as X-ray/gamma and neutron radiation

Dietary Transition Is an Important Determinant of the Obesity Epidemic

Chandrika Piyathilake 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2012 No.10

Micronutrients and prevention of cervical pre-cancer in HPV vaccinated women: a cross-sectional study

Chandrika J Piyathilake,Suguna Badiga,Nongnut Thao,Pauline E Jolly 대한지역사회영양학회 2023 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines. Methods: Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines. Results: The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPV- related CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

Dietary factors associated with bladder cancer

Chandrika Piyathilake 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-

It is biologically plausible for dietary factors to influence bladder cancer risk considering that beneficial as well as harmful components of a diet are excreted through the urinary tract and in direct contact with the epithelium of the bladder. However, studies that investigated the association between dietary factors and bladder cancer (BC) risk have largely reported inconsistent results. The macronutrient intake and risk of BC could have yield inconsistent results across studies because of lack of details on the type, source and the quantities of different dietary fatty acids consumed. There is evidence to suggest that consumption of processed meat may increase BC risk. Dietary carbohydrate intake does not appear to be directly associated with BC risk. Even though a large number of studies have investigated the association between fruit/vegetable consumption/micronutrients in those and BC risk, they have yielded inconsistent results. Gender-specific subgroup analysis, details of how fruits and vegetables are consumed (raw vs. cooked), adequate control for smoking status/aggressiveness of the cancer and consideration of genetic make-up may clarify these inconsistent results. There is no strong evidence to suggest that supplementation with any common micronutrient is effective in reducing BC risk. These limitations in published research however do not totally eclipse the observation that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in processed meat along with especially smoking cessation may convey some protective effects against BC risk.

Applications of artificial neural network and Box-Behnken Design for modelling malachite green dye degradation from textile effluents using TiO₂ photocatalyst

Chandrika. K.C,Niranjana Prabhu,R. R. Siva Kiran,R. Hari Krishna 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.1

Most of the photocatalytic studies for pollutant degradation are based on optimizing a single parameter that results in a non-linear relationship between the overall parameters and the photo-degradation reactions. To address this critical problem, herein, we report the use of Response Surface Methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for modeling the photocatalysis degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye using nano TiO₂ as photocatalyst. The catalyst characterizations are carried out using XRD, SEM, and TEM, indicating that the TiO₂ prepared by sol-gel synthesis possesses Anatase phase with particles in the nano regime and porous surface morphology. The optimum operating conditions for degradation of MG was identified by the interactive effects of variable factors such as initial dye concentration 10-30 ppm (x₁), catalyst dosage 1-3 mg (x₂), contact time 20-60 min (x₃) using the Box-Behnken method. Furthermore, the degradation reactions are also evaluated by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Their predicted results have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable. Their optimal results to achieve 90% degradation efficiency at TiO₂ nanoparticle dosage (3 mg), reaction time (60 min), and initial dye concentration (20 ppm) have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable.

Sentiment Analysis Review on Twitter Data in Hadoop Environment

Navva Chandrika Pilla,Eali. Stephen Neal Joshua 한국정보기술학회 2018 JOURNAL OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CON Vol.8 No.1

Twitter is an online long range informal communication website that includes wealthy measure of information that can be organized, semi-organized and un-organized information. In the current article, several strategies were discussed which carries out order of tweet opinion in Twitter is talked about. To enhance its adaptability and productivity, it is proposed to actualize the work on Hadoop environment, a broadly received circulated handling stage utilizing the Map Reduce parallel preparing worldview was discussed in detail. At long last, broad examinations will be led on certifiable informational indexes, with a desire to accomplish tantamount or more prominent precision than the proposed systems in writing. The detailed review on the various methods and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed in the current article in detail for the researchers and students who like work on the analysis of the data of the twitter to be analyzed by using the sentiment analysis model.

Refunctionalization of Decellularized Organ Scaffold of Pancreas by Recellularization: Whole Organ Regeneration into Functional Pancreas

Uday Chandrika K.,Tripathi Rekha,Kameshwari Y.,Rangaraj Nandini,Mahesh Kumar J.,Singh Shashi 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.1

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering centers on creating a niche similar to the natural one, with a purpose of developing an organ construct. A natural scaffold can replace none while creating a scaffold unique to each tissue in composition, architecture and cues that regulate the character of cells. METHODS: Whole pancreas from mouse was decellularized using detergent and enzymes, followed by recellularizing with MSC from human placenta. This construct was transplanted in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Histopathology of both decellularized and recellularized transplanted pancreas and qPCR analysis were performed to assess its recovery. RESULTS: Decellularization removes the cells leaving behind extracellular matrix rich natural scaffold. After reseeding with mesenchymal stem cells, these cells differentiate into pancreas specific cells. Upon transplantation in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, this organ was capable of restoring its histomorphology and functioning. Restoration of endocrine (islets), the exocrine region (acinar) and vascular network was seen in transplanted pancreas. The process of functional recovery of endocrine system took about 20 days when the mice start showing blood glucose reduction, though none achieved gluconormalization. CONCLUSION: Natural decellularized scaffolds of soft organs can be refunctionalized using recipient’s mesenchymal stem cells to restore structure and function; and counter immune problems arising during transplantation.