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수산화칼슘 처리된 Porphyromonas endodontalis Lipopolysaccharide가 다형핵백혈구의 IL-1과 TNF-α 생성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
박찬제,박동성,유현미,오태석,임성삼 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.5
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in stimulating the synthesis and release of the principal osteoclast-activating cytokines , namely, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α from immune cells, Although monocytes/macrophages are the main producers of these cytokines, recent evidence has indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have the ability to release IL-1 and TNF-α. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to be an effective medicament in root canal infectionsm, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of Ca(OH)_2 may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment of Porphyromanas endodonatalis LPS with calcium hydroxide alters its biological action as neasured by human PMN secretion of IL-1 and TNF-α, and it was compared with Escherichia coli LPS. P.endodonatalis ATCC 35406 was cultured in anaerobic condition, and LPS was extracted using the hot-phenol water extraction method and purified. Purchased E. coli LPS was also purified . 100 ㎍/ml of each LPS in pyrogen free water were incubated with 25mg/ml Ca(OH)_2 at 37℃ for 7 days. The supernatants were subjected to ultrafiltration. And the isolates were lyophilized and weighed. PMNs were obtained from peripheral blood by centrifugation layered over Lymphoprep. The cells were resuspended (4 × 10^6 cells/ml) in RPMI 1640 followed by treatment with various concentrations of LPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10㎍/ml) for 24 hours at 37℃ in 5% CO_2 incubator. The supernatants of cells were collected and the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were as follows; 1. The levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α from PMN treated with each LPS were significantly higher than those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p<0.05). 2. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with each untreated LPS (p<0.05). while they were not significantly different from those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p>0.05). 3. The levels of secretion or all three cytokines were affected in a dose-dependent manner in PMN stimulated with each LPS (p<0.05), but not in PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS (p>0.05). 4. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with P.endodontalis LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with E. coli LPS (p<0.05).
아파트 居住者의 平面類型別 平面構成에 대한 要求 : 부산 海雲臺 신시가지 아파트를 중심으로
오찬옥,김석태,박수빈 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.11
The apartment has been considered as the representative urban housing type in Korea. For several decades, researchers have tried to propose the diverse dwelling unit plans on the base of the apartment residents' needs. One method to reflect the user needs for the apartment floor plans was to analyze their needs by dwelling size and floor plan type. From this point of view, this study was intended to define the residents' needs and suggest the direction of space planning for the diverse dwelling unit plans, according to the dwelling unit types classified by dwelling size and floor plan type. The 409 apartments residents who lived in Haeundae, Busan were asked about their needs related to the apartment floor plan. The findings were as follows; The dwelling unit size the residents wanted was more than 85㎡ and the number of rooms was ranged from two to four according to the desirable dwelling size. Especially, the residents who were living in the small housing units had the needs of 'one more room' or 'larger size house'. However, the small housing units lack the flexibility in space planning, so the flexible wall system such as partition and built-in closet, or the vertical use of space would be useful. Also, the residents who lived in 85㎡-sized housing units showed more positive responses to the 3-bay type than 2-bay one. Therefore, in the case of 85㎡-sized one, more diverse floor plans of three-bay type should be developed.
吳德成,朴贊圭 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1984 論文集 Vol.7 No.1
Until now, most of the studies on the housing problems have been dealed with their quantities. But radical growth of urban living level owing to economic, social and technical developments makes changes in the basic concepts of living .So the studies on the qualities of housing have come to be required. The aim of this study is to establish the standards for dwelling unit area according to family types, and further to help future planning of housing. In the process of the study, the authors divided families into 5 types, and established the standards of dwelling unit area by measuring the sizes of each rooms in existing dwelling units and by designing normal sizes of each rooms with the modularc oordination system on the basis of arrange-ment of furnitures, and compared the results with foreign standards.(Japan',FHA,IFHA, England).
Glycyrrhizin에 의한 Mel/ret mice melanoma세포의 apoptosis유도
오찬호 우석대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-
The effect of glycyrrhizin(GL), a Chinese herbal drug extracted from licolice roots0Glycyrrhizae radix, on the apoptosis induction to tumor cells was investigated in a transgenic murine system. DNA fragmentation in cultured mice melanoma cells were significantly increased by the treatment of GL. In addition, Administration of GL to Mel/ret transgenic mice, which were inoculated i.m. with 0.1 ㎎/mice resulted in apoptosis induction, reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential(ΔΨm) in melanoma cells from Mel/ret transgenic mice. And lymphocyte subpopulation analysis showed that markedly decreased B220^+ B cells recovered by the treatment of GL in Mel/ret mice splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node colls, while Thy-1^+ T cells did not changed. From these results, it is suggested that GL accelerated apoptosis of melanoma cells and recovered B lymphocyte-mediated humoral immunity in Mel/ret transgenic mice in vitro and in vivo system and these apoptosis-associated events in which a reduction in ΔΨm constitute irreversible stop of ongoing apoptotic cell death. Ultimately, the homeostasis is maintained.
산 완충용액의 pH 및 유산의 온도가 인공치근우식의 형성에 미치는 영향
오현석,노병덕,이찬영 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.1
치근 우식증은 복합적인 요인에 의해 발생되는 질환으로 고령인구의 증가로 최근 증가추세 에 있으나 아직까지는 병소깊이, 상아질 탈회의 정도 및 양상, collagen의 파괴 정도 및 수산화인회석 결정 변화에 대한 탈회 완충액의 조직학적 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 우식 형성에 영향을 주는 산 완충용액 내의 pH와 유산의 농도변화에 따른 치근 상아질 우식 병소의 진행에 미치는 변화를 편광현미경을 이용하여 관찰하고 관찰된 우식 병소층의 수산화인회석의 결정 형태 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 탈회 과정을 살펴보고자 세 가지 pH (4.3, 5.0, 5.5)군과 각각의 pH군에 세 가지 유산의 농도 (25 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM)를 이용하여 인공치근 우식을 형성한 후 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 편광현미경 소견에서 우식 병소의 깊이는 pH 보다는 유산의 농도에 의해 더 영향을 많이 받았다. 2. 주사전자현미경 소견에서 유산의 농도가 높아질수록 그리고 pH가 낮아질수록 수산화인회석 결정의 소실이 더 많이 진행되었다. 3. 탈회는 수산화인회석 결정의 변연부가 소실되며 결정 cluster내 결정의 숫자 및 크기가 감소하였고 결정 cluster 사이의 간격이 넓어지는 양상으로 관찰되었다. 4. 표면층에서의 주사전자현미경 관찰 시 유산의 농도가 높아질수록 수산화인회석 결정 cluster의 형태는 소실되고 콜라겐 섬유 표면에 수산화인회석 결정의 용해, 재결합된 양상으로 관찰되었다. 5. 탈회 과정에 대한 주사전자현미경 관찰 시 상아질의 탈회는 단순히 탈회만 독립적으로 일어나는 과정이 아닌 탈회와 재광화가 동시에 일어나는 양상으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과 산 완충용액 내의 유산의 농도가 높아지고 pH가 낮아질수록 탈회의 속도가 증가하고 탈회의 과정은 수산 화인회석 결정 cluster의 표면으로부터 진행되며 시간이 경과함에 따라 수산화인회석 결정의 형태는 원형 또는 타원형에서 불규칙한 형태로 변화되었다. The purpose of this study is to compare and to evaluate the effect of pH and lactic acid concentration on the progression of artificial root caries lesion using polarizing microscope, and to evaluate the morphological changes of hydroxyapatite crystals of the demineralized area and to investigate the process of demineralization using scanning electron microscope. Artificial root caries lesion was created by dividing specimens into 3 pH groups (pH 4.3, 5.0, 5.5), and each pH group was divided into 3 lactic acid concentration groups (25 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM). Each group was immersed in acid buffer solution for 5 days and examined. The results were as follows: 1. Under polarized microscope, the depth of lesion was more effected by the lactic acid concentration rather than the pH. 2. Under scanning electron microscope, dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals were increased as the lactic acid concentration increased and the pH decreased. 3. Demineralized hydroxyapatite crystals showed peripheral dissolution and decreased size and number within cluster of hydroxyapatite crystals and widening of intercluster and intercrystal spaces as the pH decreased and the lactic acid concentration increased. 4. Under scanning electron microscope evaluation of the surface zone, clusters of hydroxyapatite crystals were dissolved, and dissolution and reattachment of crystals on the surface of collagen fibrils were observed as the lactic acid concentration increased. 5. Under scanning electron microscope, demineralization of dentin occurred not only independently but also with remineralization simultaneously. In conclusion, the study showed that pH and lactic acid concentration influenced the rate of progression of the lesion in artificial root caries. Demineralization process was progressed from the surface of the cluster of hydroxyapatite crystals and the morphology of hydroxyapatite crystals changed from round or elliptical shape into irregular shape as time elapsed.
유도전동기 속도제어를 위한 비선형 비례적분 제어기 설계
오태석,김일환,박찬원 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B
This paper presents a robust speed control method of induction motors(IM) using a Non-linear PI controller(NPI). NPI is high gain controller in region of small error, and low gain controller in region of large error. So in steady state, system will be robust against variation of load torque. The simulation and experiment results confirm the validity of proposed control scheme.
오학준,정찬수 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2001 論文集 Vol.31 No.-
This paper compares and analyzes the performance of the ECLMS algorithm and conventional LMS algorithms under a double-talk situation. The LMS algorithm has been a popular method to train adaptive FIR filters for echo cancellation due to its simplicity. In a double-talk situation, the LMS algorithm performs poorly when both near-end and far-end signals are presented. The error signal for obtaining the gradient becomes considerably large in such a double-talk situation. Conventional LMS algorithms usually stop adaptation when this situation happens to keep the coefficients freeze under a double-talk condition. Stopping rap adaptation is just a passive action to handle double-talk conditions, which results in lower adaptation speed. To solve this problem, expanded correlation LMS (ECLMS) algorithm has been proposed. It utilizes correlation as an input signal instead of the input signal itself. This algorithm could adapt the parameters continuously even in the double-talk situation, and showed good convergence property compared with conventional LMS algorithms as the normalized LMS (NLMS).
상아질 표면 처리 방법에 따른 Compomer의 전단 결합 강도
오영학,홍찬의 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.2
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of compomers according to dentin surface treatment. Two materials of compomer were devided into six groups. The compomer used in this study were Dyract AP(D) and F2000(F). Group 1 (DN) and 4(FN) were treated according to manufacturers instructions as control groups. Group 2(DE) and 5(FE) were treased with 37% phosphoric acid and group 3(DA) and 6(FA) were treated with air abrasion unit (80 psi, 50 m aluminum oxide particles) respectively as experimental groups. After dentin surface treatment, compomers were bonded. Completed samples were stored in 100 % humidity, 37C during 7 days. and then, the shear bond strength of specimens were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1.In the case of Dyract AP, the shear bond strength was showed the highest value of 9.10 MPa in dentin surface treatment with air abrasion unit, but there were no significant differences to the other groups. 2.In the case of F2000, the shear bond strength was showed the highest value of 13.51MPa and there were significant differences to the other groups (p<0.05). 3.The shear bond strength of F2000 was higher than Dyract AP in each dentin surface treatment, and in the case of etching and air abrasion, there were significant differences(p<0.05). 4.As a result of observation of SEM, the most of fracture pattern was adhesive failure in group 1(DN), 2(DE) and 4(FN), and cohesive failure in group 3(DA), 5(FE) and 6(FA).